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![Page 1: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Figure 01.091. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give
me a few sentences describing the differences
between mixtures and pure substances
2. Turn in Safety Poster, Matter Packet, and the PT scavenger hunt into
the box.
![Page 2: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
1. Solutions may be:
a) liquids or gases.b) liquids only.c) solids, liquids, or gases.d) none of the above.
![Page 3: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
2. Properties that describe the way a substance will react to form other substances are known as:
a) homogeneous properties.b) heterogeneous properties.c) chemical properties.d) physical properties.
![Page 4: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
3. When nitric acid is added to a test tube containing copper, nitrogen dioxide gas is formed. This is the result of:
a) an accident.b) an extensive property.c) a chemical reaction.d) a physical change.
![Page 5: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
1. Solutions may be:
solids, liquids, or gases.
![Page 6: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
2. Properties that describe the way a substance will react to form other substances are known as:
chemical properties.
![Page 7: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
3. When nitric acid is added to a test tube containing copper, nitrogen dioxide gas is formed. This is the result of:
a chemical reaction.
![Page 8: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Method, Measurement, etc.
Modern Chemistry Chapter 2
![Page 9: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Scientific Method
• Scientific Method- logical approach to solving problems by observing and collecting data, formulating hypotheses, testing them, and formulating theories based on data.
• System- specific portion of matter in a given region of space that has been selected for study (container holding experiment and all of its contents).
![Page 10: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Scientific Method
1. Observing and collecting dataa) Using sensesb) Taking measurements
2. Formulating Hypothesesa) Hypothesis- testable statement based on
observations and datab) If, then statements
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Scientific Method3. Testing Hypotheses
a) Experiments that include controls (constants) and variables (changes).
4. Theorizinga) Model- an explanation of how phenomena occur
and how data or events are related. i. Atomic Model
b) Theory- broad generalization that explains a body of facts
i. KMT; Collision theory
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SI Unit Prefixes - Part I
Name Symbol Factor
tera- T 1012
giga- G 109
mega- M 106
kilo- k 103
hecto- h 102
deka- da 101
![Page 13: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
SI Unit Prefixes- Part II
Name Symbol Factor
deci- d 10-1
centi- c 10-2
milli- m 10-3
micro- μ 10-6
nano- n 10-9
pico- p 10-12
femto- f 10-15
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The Seven Base SI UnitsQuantity Unit Symbol
Length meter m
Mass kilogram kg
Temperature kelvin K
Time second s
Amount of Substance
mole mol
Luminous Intensity candela cd
Electric Current ampere a
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Derived SI Units (examples)Quantity unit Symbol
Volume cubic meter m3
Density kilograms per cubic meter
kg/m3
Speed meter per second m/s
Newton kg m/ s2 N
Energy Joule (kg m2/s2) J
Pressure Pascal (kg/(ms2) Pa
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SI Unit Prefixes for LengthName Symbol
gigameter Gm 109
megameter Mm 106
kilometer km 103
decimeter dm 10-1
centimeter cm 10-2
millimeter mm 10-3
micrometer μm 10-6
nanometer nm 10-9
picometer pm 10-12
![Page 17: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Measurement
• Measurement: a type of observation• Qualitative measurements: descriptive words
– Ex: hot, cold, heavy, light, big, blue, furry• Quantitative measurement: observation
made with a measuring instrument and includes both a number and a unit– Ex: ruler, balance, thermometer,
graduated cylinder, 13.5°C, 25kg, 17L
![Page 18: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Accuracy: How close a measurement is to the true or accepted value–Ex: Weighing a 50g mass50.00g – accurate32.18g – not accurate49.99g – accurate
![Page 19: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• Precision: How close multiple measurements are to each other– Ex: Take the weight of a 50g mass
Accurate, precise: Accurate, precise:50.00g 50.00g50.00g 49.99g50.00g 50.00g
Not accurate, precise:32.18g32.18g32.18g
![Page 20: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Example: Evaluate whether the following are precise, accurate or
both.
![Page 21: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Example: Evaluate whether the following are precise, accurate or
both.
Accurate
Not Precise
Not Accurate
Precise
Accurate
Precise
![Page 22: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
An easy way to remember…
ACcurate = CorrectPRecision = Reproducibility
![Page 23: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
A student measured the concentration of a solution three times, obtaining values of 0.010 M, 0.060 M, and 0.030 M. The average concentration was thus 0.033 M. The accepted value was 0.034 M. The student’s data has:
a. good accuracy and good precision.b. poor accuracy but good precision.c. poor accuracy and poor precision.d. good accuracy but poor precision.
![Page 24: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
A student measured the concentration of a solution three times, obtaining values of 0.010 M, 0.060 M, and 0.030 M. The average concentration was thus 0.033 M. The accepted value was 0.034 M. The student’s data has:
a. good accuracy and good precision.b. poor accuracy but good precision.c. poor accuracy and poor precision.d. good accuracy but poor precision.
![Page 25: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Percent Error
![Page 26: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Percent Error
2. % Error= 1.60 – 1.00 X 100 = 60.0%1.00
![Page 27: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Rules for Significant Figures
• Sig Figs are all of the digits known in measurement and one final which is estimated.
• All digits 1-9 are significant– Example: 129 – 3 sig figs
• Zeros between significant digits are always significant– Example: 5007 has 4 sig figs
![Page 28: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Rules for Significant Figures
• Trailing zeros in a number are significant only if the number contains a decimal point– Example: 100.0 has 4 sig figs, 100 has 1 sig fig
• Zeros in the beginning of a number whose only function is to place the decimal point are not significant– Example: 0.0025 has 2 sig figs
• PACIFIC ATLANTIC RULE!
![Page 29: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Calculations Using Sig Figs
• When multiplying and dividing, limit and round to the least number of sig figs in any of the factors.
– Example: 23.0cm X 432cm X 19cm = 190,000cm3
![Page 30: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Calculations Using Sig Figs
• When adding and subtracting, limit and round your answer to the least number of decimal places in any of the numbers that make up your answer
– Example: 123.25cm + 46.0cm + 86.257cm = 255.5cm
![Page 31: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
How many significant figures are in the measured number 0.082060?
a. 3b. 4c. 5d. 6
![Page 32: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
How many significant figures are in the measured number 0.082060?
a. 3b. 4c. 5d. 6
![Page 33: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
6.03 grams + 7.1 grams = ?
a. 13 gramsb. 13.1 gramsc. 13.13 gramsd. 13.130 grams
![Page 34: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
6.03 grams + 7.1 grams = ?
a. 13 gramsb. 13.1 gramsc. 13.13 gramsd. 13.130 grams
![Page 35: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
6.03 grams / 7.1 milliliters = ?
a. 0.8 grams/milliliterb. 0.85 grams/milliliterc. 0.849 grams/milliliterd. 0.8492957 grams/milliliter
![Page 36: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
6.03 grams / 7.1 milliliters = ?
a. 0.8 grams/milliliterb. 0.85 grams/milliliterc. 0.849 grams/milliliterd. 0.8492957 grams/milliliter
![Page 37: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Scientific Notation
• Short hand for writing very large or small numbers
• Two parts: Coefficient and Power of 10
A number between 1 and 10 (can include 1 but not 10).
Exponent: +
exponent - exponent
![Page 38: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Scientific Notation Examples:
Write the following numbers in scientific notation:1. 41,0002. 0.00293. 60,007,0004. 0.000 000 1325. 123,000,000
4.1x1042.9x10-
3 6.0007x107
1.32x10-7
1.23x108
![Page 39: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Calculator time!!
Try plugging these into your calculator. Put all answers in scientific notation.
*Instead of typing “x 10^,” use the “EE” or “EXP” button!*
37,000 x 7,0000.0008 x 0.0009(7x106) x (8x105)
2.59x108
7.2x1075.6x10
12
![Page 40: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
LecturePLUS Timberlake 40
Dimensional Analysis
1. A person has a height of 2.0 meters. What is
that height in inches?
Initial unit = m Final unit = _______
2) Blood has a density of 0.05 g/mL. If a person
lost 0.30 pints of blood at 18°C, how many ounces
of blood would that be?
Initial = pints Final unit = _______
![Page 41: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
LecturePLUS Timberlake 41
How many minutes are in 2.5 hours?
Initial unit 2.5 hr Conversion Final factor unit2.5 hr x 60 min = 150 min 1 hr
cancel Answer (2 SF)
![Page 42: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
LecturePLUS Timberlake 42
Your Turn
A rattlesnake is 2.44 m long. How long is the snake in cm?
1) 2440 cm2) 244 cm3) 24.4 cm
![Page 43: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
LecturePLUS Timberlake 43
Solution
A rattlesnake is 2.44 m long. How long is the snake in cm?
2.44 m x 100 cm = 244 cm 1 m
![Page 44: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
LecturePLUS Timberlake 44
One more…
How many seconds are in 1.4 days?
Unit plan: days hr min seconds
1.4 days x 24 hr x ?? 1 day
![Page 45: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
LecturePLUS Timberlake 45
Solution
Unit plan: days hr min seconds
2 SF Exact1.4 day x 24 hr x 60 min x 60 sec
1 day 1 hr 1 min
= 1.2 x 105 sec
![Page 46: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
LecturePLUS Timberlake 46
Unit Check
What is wrong with the following setup?
1.4 day x 1 day x 60 min x 60 sec 24 hr 1 hr 1 min
![Page 47: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
LecturePLUS Timberlake 47
Unit Check
1.4 day x 1 day x 60 min x 60 sec 24 hr 1 hr 1 min
Units = day2/hr2 Not the final unit needed
![Page 48: Figure 01.09 1. Bell work: On your bell work page, please give me a few sentences describing the differences between mixtures and pure substances 2. Turn.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc51a28abf838ca6957/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
LecturePLUS Timberlake 48
Steps to Problem Solving
Read problem Identify data Write down a unit plan from the initial unit
to the desired unit Select conversion factors Change initial unit to desired unit Cancel units and check Do math on calculator Give an answer using significant figures