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Figurative Language Terms Packet!

POETRY • One of three major types of literature

• No single, defining characteristic

• Musical and emotional language

• 3 major types: lyric, narrative, concrete

• Divided into lines and stanzas

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

• Writing or speech not meant to be taken literally

• Used to state ideas in creative, imaginative ways

ALLITERATION • Repetition of consonant

sounds at the beginning of words

ALLITERATION EXAMPLES!

• The cat curls up on the couch.

• Luckily, I love to eat Lucky Charms.

• Devour the delicious donuts.

• Mrs. Pile eats many marshmallows on Mondays.

• I baked brownies for Ben’s birthday.

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Adv. English: CLICHÉ • Stereotyped expression

• Expresses popular or common thought or idea, that lacks novelty, cleverness, and impact because of overuse

CLICHÉ EXAMPLES!

• Go with the flow

• As old as the hills

• If only walls could talk

• Plenty of fish in the sea

• Like a kid in a candy store

• Absence makes the heart grow fonder

• Want more? http://www.clichelist.net/

Adv. English: Flashback • Interruption in sequence of events that

relates to something that occurred earlier

Flashback EXAMPLES!

• “The Lady or the Tiger” – story goes back to when she makes her decision

• Others?

–A Christmas Carol

–If I Stay

–Tangerine

–Tuesday’s with Morrie

Adv. English: Foreshadowing

• Suggestion of things that are going to occur

• Used to built interest and create suspense

Foreshadowing EXAMPLES!

• What did you say? –The Giver

–A Christmas Carol

–The Name of the Game was Murder

–Tangerine

–The Hobbit

–Harry Potter

–Distant Waves

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LYRIC POEM

• Highly musical verse

• Expresses observations and feelings of a single speaker

HYPERBOLE

• An exaggeration for emphasis

The situation is at least a million billion times worse than I imagined.

HYPERBOLE EXAMPLES!

• I'm so hungry I could eat a cow.

• His head is so big he won't fit through the door. (Meaning: He's full of himself.)

• I ate 100 pieces of pizza last night.

IMAGE/IMAGERY

• Word or phrase that appeals to one or more of the five senses

•Used to describe the five senses

IMAGE/IMAGERY EXAMPLES!

• The sun was shining brightly in the sky. (also has alliteration)

• The rain glistened on the sidewalk.

• Her sequin dress sparkled as the cameras flashed to take her picture.

METAPHOR • Points out similarities between

two unlike objects

• Figure of speech where one thing is described as though it is something else

• Doesn't use like or as

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METAPHOR EXAMPLES!

• "Language is a road map of a culture. It tells you where its people come from and where they are going." - Rita Mae Brown

• "Love is a battlefield." -Pat Benetar • Time is a thief. • My room is a black hole. • “Life is a highway.”

Adv. English: EXTENDED METAPHOR

• Comparison of two unlike things without using like or as

• Uses several comparisons instead of just one

EXTENDED METAPHOR EXAMPLE!

“Fog” – Carl Sandburg The fog comes on little cat feet. It sits looking over harbor and city on silent haunches and then moves on.

Free Verse •No regular rhythm

• Lines vary in length

• Less limiting

ONOMATOPOEIA • Using words that imitate

sounds (words that sound like the meaning of the word)

ONOMATOPOEIA Examples!

• Buzz • Crack • Fizz • Pop • BAZINGA!

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OXYMORON

• A contradictory comparison

OXYMORON Examples! • Awfully nice • Jumbo shrimp • Clean dirt • Pretty ugly • Clearly misunderstood • Exact estimate • Original copy • Seriously funny

PERSONIFICATION

• Giving humanlike qualities to a non-human subject

PERSONIFICATION EXAMPLES!

• The pencil jumped off my desk.

•My computer hates me.

• The camera loves me.

• The rug tripped me.

• The drawer bit my finger.

REFRAIN

• Regularly repeated line or group of lines in a poem or song

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REFRAIN EXAMPLES!

From “I knew you were trouble” by Taylor Swift

'Cause I knew you were trouble when you walked in So shame on me now Flew me to places I'd never been 'Til you put me down, oh I knew you were trouble when you walked in So shame on me now Flew me to places I'd never been Now I'm lying on the cold hard ground Oh, oh, trouble, trouble, trouble Oh, oh, trouble, trouble, trouble

“The Highwayman” – Alfred Noyes

REPETITION • Repeating (more than once)

any element of language

• Repeated sound patterns: rhyme, alliteration, rhythm

• Refrain = repeated line, lines or group of lines

REPETITION EXAMPLES!

• "And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep." From: Robert Frost, "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” • "...Nevermore... Nevermore"

from "The Raven" by Edgar Allen Poe.

RHYME

• Repetition of sounds at the ends of words

RHYME EXAMPLES!

I love to eat donuts all the time.

I don’t share because they’re all mine.

Dunkin’ Donuts munchkins taste the best.

Those donuts are better than all the rest!

Cat, bat, hat, mat sing, bring, fling, ka-ching! Mall, fall, ball, crawl key, flee, pea, knee Top, mop, flop dove, love, above

RHYME SCHEME

• Regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem

• Rhyme scheme is marked with lowercase letters

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RHYME SCHEME EXAMPLE!

I love to eat donuts all the time. I don’t share because they’re all mine. Dunkin’ Donuts munchkins taste the best. Those donuts are better than all the rest! I dream about donuts every night. If I can’t have a donut, I’ll put up a fight! Donuts taste so incredibly great. I would love to have donuts on a date. If my date took my delicious treat, I’d chase him down the street!

RHYME SCHEME EXAMPLE!

I love to eat donuts all the time. I don’t share because they’re all mine. Dunkin’ Donuts munchkins taste the best. Those donuts are better than all the rest! I dream about donuts every night. If I can’t have a donut, I’ll put up a fight! Donuts taste so incredibly great. I would love to have donuts on a date. If my date took my delicious treat, I’d chase him down the street!

Time Best Mine Rest

RHYTHM • Pattern of beats (or

stresses/emphasis) in written or spoken language

SIMILE

• A comparison between two unlike ideas using LIKE or AS.

SIMILE EXAMPLES!

• My love is like a red, red rose. • "It's been a hard day's night

and I've been working like a dog." -The Beatles

• His skin was as cold as ice. • He is as fast as a cheetah. • Mrs. Pile is as slow as a tortoise when she

runs. • "I will be rising from the ground like a

skyscraper." -Demi Lovato

STANZA

• Formal division of lines in a poem

• Functions like a paragraph does in writing

• Each stanza states and develops a single main idea

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STANZA EXAMPLES! "Good Riddance (Time Of Your Life)" - By: Green Day

Another turning point, a fork stuck in the road Time grabs you by the wrist, directs you where to go So make the best of this test, and don't ask why It's not a question, but a lesson learned in time

It's something unpredictable, but in the end it's right. I hope you had the time of your life.

So take the photographs, and still frames in your mind Hang it on a shelf in good health and good time Tattoos of memories and dead skin on trial For what it's worth it was worth all the while

It's something unpredictable, but in the end it's right. I hope you had the time of your life.

It's something unpredictable, but in the end it's right. I hope you had the time of your life.

It's something unpredictable, but in the end it's right. I hope you had the time of your life.

STANZA EXAMPLES! I remember when we broke up the first time Saying this is it, I've had enough, 'cause like

We haven't seen each other in a month When you, said you, needed space, what?

Then you come around again and say Baby, I miss you and I swear I'm gonna change Trust me, remember how that lasted for a day

I say, I hate you, we break up, you call me, I love you

Oooh we called it off again last night

But Oooh, this time I'm telling you, I'm telling you We are never ever ever getting back together We are never ever ever getting back together

You go talk to your friends talk To my friends talk to me

But we are never ever ever ever getting back together. Like ever...

I'm really gonna miss you picking fights

And me, falling for a screaming that I'm right And you, will hide away and find your piece of mind with

some indie record that's much cooler than mine

Oooh you called me up again tonight But Oooh, this time I'm telling you, I'm telling you

We are never ever ever getting back together We are never ever ever getting back together

You go talk to your friends talk To my friends talk to me

But we are never ever ever ever getting back together

I used to think, that we, were forever ever ever And I used to say never say never

Huh, he calls me up and he's like, I still love you And I'm like, I'm just, I mean this is exhausting, you

know We are never getting back together, like ever

We are never ever ever getting back together We are never ever ever getting back together

You go talk to your friends talk To my friends talk to me

But we are never ever ever ever getting back together

We, oooh, oooh, not back together, we Oh, getting back together

You go talk to your friends talk

And my friends talk to me But we are never ever ever ever getting back together

Taylor Swift – “We are never getting back together”

SYMBOL

• Something that stands for something else (represents something else)

SYMBOL EXAMPLES!

• A clock could represent time passing you by.

• A crossroads could represent a big decision you need to make.

• The Ghost of Christmas Future represented death (Scrooge’s future if he didn’t change.)