Fig. 15.1 Summary of physiological function of the incretins GLP-1 and GIP on islet cells

The Islets of Langerhans, Islam, Md. Shahidul (Ed.) ISBN: 978-90-481-3270-6, Springer

Fig. 15.2 RAS metabolism and the relationship between RAS and islet function

The Islets of Langerhans, Islam, Md. Shahidul (Ed.) ISBN: 978-90-481-3270-6, Springer

Fig. 15.3 Metabolism and physiological functions of vitamin D that are related to diabetes

The Islets of Langerhans, Islam, Md. Shahidul (Ed.) ISBN: 978-90-481-3270-6, Springer

Fig. 15.4 Degradation of GLP-1 by the enzyme DPP IV

The Islets of Langerhans, Islam, Md. Shahidul (Ed.) ISBN: 978-90-481-3270-6, Springer

Fig. 15.5 Schematic depiction of the interaction between GLP-1 activity and AT1 blockade on islets

The Islets of Langerhans, Islam, Md. Shahidul (Ed.) ISBN: 978-90-481-3270-6, Springer

Fig. 15.6 Regulation of the RAS activity by vitamin D as shown in circulating (regulation of blood pressure) and in kidney (prevention of kidney diseases) RAS

The Islets of Langerhans, Islam, Md. Shahidul (Ed.) ISBN: 978-90-481-3270-6, Springer

Fig. 15.7 AT1 receptor protein (A) and mRNA (B) expression in isolated islets with or without calcitriol (active form of vitamin D) treatment

The Islets of Langerhans, Islam, Md. Shahidul (Ed.) ISBN: 978-90-481-3270-6, Springer

Fig. 15.8 Summary of potential interaction among GLP-1, vitamin D, and angiotensin II in the regulation of islet cell function and islet cell mass

The Islets of Langerhans, Islam, Md. Shahidul (Ed.) ISBN: 978-90-481-3270-6, Springer