FieldGuide Draft 5-New2 - ogra FieldGuide April 2008.pdfof the “Ontario Structure Inspection...
50
100 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 4.00 5.00 Narrow Medium Wide GOOD FAIR POOR Concrete Crack Widths (mm) Hair Line 10 1.0 2.5 5.0 6.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 Light Medium Severe GOOD FAIR POOR Asphalt (Wearing Surface) Crack Widths (mm) 5 10 15 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 16 17 FIELD INSPECTION GUIDE Apr 2008
Transcript of FieldGuide Draft 5-New2 - ogra FieldGuide April 2008.pdfof the “Ontario Structure Inspection...
100
0.050.100.150.200.300.350.400.500.600.751.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
4.00
5.00
Narrow Medium Wide
GOOD FAIR POORConcrete Crack Widths (mm)
HairLine
10
1.0
2.5
5.0
6.0
7.5
10.0
12.5
LightMediumSevere
GOODFAIRPOORAsphalt (Wearing Surface) Crack Widths (mm)
510
150
12
34
67
89
1112
1314
1617
1
FIELD INSPECTION GUIDE
Apr 2008
2
Suggestions, comments, and requests for changes or revisions to the Field Guide or inquir-ies about training sources should be directed to: Ministry of Transportation, Ontario Engineering Standard Branch Bridge Office Bridge Evaluation and Inspection Group 301 St. Paul Street, 2nd Floor St. Catharines, Ontario L2R 7R4 Tel: (905) 704-2406 Fax: (905) 704-2060
Apr 2008
99
98
FORMS
3
PREFACE The “Field Inspection Guide” is a condensed version of the “Ontario Structure Inspection Manual (OSIM). It summarizes the major parts of the main manual including inspection procedures, material defects, condition states, maintenance needs and perform-ance deficiencies. References to the main manual are also made in this Field Guide so that the inspector can obtain more comprehensive information, if required.
4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 1) STRUCTURAL INSPECTIONS
1. Inspection Objectives 5 2. Inspection Accuracy 5 3. Additional Investigations 6 4. Site Inspection 6 5. Post Inspection Procedures 8
2) HELPFUL HINTS 1. Condition 10 2. Excellent & Good 11 3. Recommended Work 13 4. Performance Deficiencies 15 5. Maintenance 16
APPENDIX A—MATERIAL DEFECTS 17 1. Concrete Defects 18 2. Steel/Aluminum Defects 24 3. Wood Defects 30 4. Masonry Defects 32 6. Asphalt Defects 34 7. Coatings 42
APPENDIX B - ELEMENT LIST 49
APPENDIX C - CONDITION STATE TABLES 52
APPENDIX D—PERFORMANCE
DEFICIENCIES & MAINTENANCE 77
APPENDIX E—OSIM FORMS 89
TABLE OF CONTENTS
STR
UC
T H
INTS
D
EFEC
TS
ELEM
ENT
CO
ND
ITIO
N
DEF
ICIE
NC
IES
FOR
MS
97
FORMS
96
FORMS
5
1. STRUCTURAL INSPECTIONS 1.1 INSPECTION OBJECTIVES (Part 1, Sect. 1.2) The goal of the structural inspection is to ensure, within an economic framework, an acceptable standard for structures in terms of public safety, comfort and convenience. The main objectives are to:
• maintain structures in a safe condition • prolong the life of structures • identify maintenance & repair needs • provide the basis for structure
management 1.2 INSPECTION ACCURACY (Part 1, Sect. 1.3) In order to achieve the inspection objectives and adequate accuracy, the inspector should spend at least 2 hours at a typical bridge site to adequately assess the condition of all elements. The inspection should be a visual inspection per-formed “Close enough to determine the element condition”, and generally conducted “within arms length” of the element. In some cases it may be possible to inspect a por-tion of the bridge close-up and then estimating the condition of the remaining inaccessible parts by visually comparing them to the partial close-up in-spection. If this is done, periodic Enhanced OSIM inspections must be done to closely inspect all components as described in Part 1, Section 1.3.2 of the OSIM. Additional equipment should be used to facilitate inspection, when necessary (Bridgemaster, bucket truck, ladder, etc).
STRUCT
6
Additional specialized testing (NDT, etc) should be recommended for critical structures (fatigue prone, fracture critical, hangers, etc) 1.3 ADDITIONAL INVESTIGATIONS (Part 1– Clause 1.3.4) If during a detailed visual inspection, the inspector feels that more detailed information is needed, specialized inspections (within a certain timeframe*)can be requested. Some of these investigations are:
• Detailed Deck Condition Survey • Non-destructive Delamination Survey
of Asphalt Covered Decks • Substructure Condition Survey • Detailed Coating Condition Survey • Underwater investigation • Fatigue investigation • Seismic investigation • Structure evaluation • Monitoring, etc.
* Normal timeframe is within 2 years 1.4 SITE INSPECTION (Part 2-Clause 1.5.2) The inspector shall: • Arrange for special equipment/traffic
control and safety devices, as required for site.
• Complete an overview inspection of the site
to: ⇒ Assess the overall integrity of the
structure and identify areas where more detailed examination may be required
⇒ Observe the bridge under truck loading and identify any abnormal flexibility, deflections or noises (rattling or vibration
STRUCT
95
FORMS
94
FORMS
7
⇒ of members) ⇒ Look for abnormal deflections, settlements or
rotations by looking along the rail or barrier wall or other members
⇒ Identify obstacles that may either interfere with the inspection or indicate a need for additional special equipment.
• Determine the quantities in each condition state
based on the severity of material defects in the appropriate units (m2, each, etc.), for each element. Details of condition states and material defects are included in Appendix “A” and “C”. The element list is included in Appendix “B” and the OSIM form for recording information is included in Appendix “E”.
• Determine the performance deficiencies,
maintenance needs, recommended work and time frame for work for each element. Details of these are included in the Appendix “D” of this Guide
• Take photographs to adequately describe the
structure and the defects found including all areas of POOR.
• Update element quantities/dimensions if
required. • Correct missing/erroneous inventory data
STRUCT
8
1.5 POST INSPECTION PROCEDURES (Part 2 - Clause 1.5.3) The inspector shall: • Ensure that all inspection equipment and
temporary traffic control devices are removed from the site and the site is left in workmanlike order
• Ensure the appropriate follow-up action is taken (notify bridge owner immediately) for any critical structural defects or deficiencies (i.e. fatigue cracks in steel, imminent deck punch through, etc.) and all other unsafe conditions that are discovered in the field.
• Submit the Maintenance Needs list to the maintenance crew for action
• Ensure additional investigations are initiated in the timeframe recommended
• Write all necessary follow-up correspondence and reports
STRUCT
93
FORMS
92
FORMS
9
10
2. HELPFUL HINTS (Part 2, Section 4)
1. CONDITION • First look for areas of POOR
• Concrete ⇒ Spalls, delaminations, severe
scaling, wide cracks (4m=1 sq.m defect area)
• Steel ⇒ More than 10% section loss,
cracks and deformations • Actual inspection quantity (e.g. sq.m.)
should be used for elements in Poor condition—not percent.
• Next, look for areas of FAIR
• Concrete ⇒ Medium defects (medium scaling,
medium cracks, etc.) • Steel
⇒ 1% to 10% section loss • Each Area of Poor (except for very
large areas) should generally have an equal area of associated Fair sur-rounding it.
• Remainder of areas probably in Good or Excellent Condition. • Actual Good or Excellent depends
on visual inspection; however, age of structure can be used as a guide, depending on environmental expo-sure of element (see section 2.2 of this guide).
• Similar guidance based on age does not exist for the transition from Good to Fair Condition. ⇒ Fair is determined by visual iden-
tification of defects.
HINTS
91
FORMS
90
FORMS
11
2. EXCELLENT AND GOOD
• All materials must begin in the Excellent condition state
• Once any defect is visible, it drops to the Good condition state
• The defects may not be visible from a distance, but are from close-up.
• Guidance is provided below for the age of compo-nent when transition* from Excellent to Good is expected:
• Concrete, ACR Steel, Coated Steel, Coating: • Severe—5 years • Moderate—15 years • Benign—25 years
* Transition can be spread over a few inspections.
• Defects in Good condition state include (see Tables in Appendix C for complete list):
• ACR Steel
• First signs of patina flaking
• Coated Steel • First signs of surface rust • First signs of coating lifting from
steel • Re-coated steel that had rust previ-
ously • Coating
• First signs of adhesion or coating related defects
• Concrete
• Hairline and Narrow cracks • Surface carbonization • Light scaling • Other light defects
HINTS
12
HINTS
Examples of Environments
Severe Moderate Benign
Exposed Concrete Deck
Concrete Deck with wa-terproofing
Exterior Soffit Interior Soffit
Railings and inside face of Barrier Walls
Outside face of barrier wall
Abutment in splash zone
Abutment at expansion joint
Abutment with no joint (integral abutment)
Pier in splash zone
Pier at expan-sion joint
Pier with no joint (where deck con-tinuous)
End Portion of Beams (at joints)
Remainder of Beams
Joints
89
OSIM FORMS (Part 2, Section 7)
APPENDIX E
88 13
3. RECOMMENDED WORK (Part 2, Sect. 7)
Work on Element Recommended work
- Must be consistent with condition of element. - Must be used for elements that cause a bridge to
be placed on a capital construction program, typi-cally the 5 main elements listed below.
- Can be used for other elements as required. - Must not be used for work that is carried out as
maintenance. - Must not be used for additional investigations or
functional deficiencies. Recommended work on an element can be either:
- “Rehabilitation” - “Replacement”
The timeframe for the work is either:
- “1 to 5 years”, - ”6 to 10 years”
Typically, the 5 main elements require repair in 1 to 5 years when: Deck Top 10% to 20% Poor Deck Soffit 5% to 15% Poor Barrier Wall 15% to 30% Poor Expansion Joint 15% to 25% Poor Girders 5% to 10% Poor
o Sometimes, a lower percentage of Poor may also trigger a rehab for critical ele-ments.
o If there are immediate safety concerns with some elements, a Structural Mainte-nance item should be recorded.
HINTS
14
Work on Structure Work on structure is only required when there is enough to warrant placing the bridge on the capital construction program. Recommended work on the structure can be either:
- “Minor Rehabilitation” that include work on ele-ments other than the deck (i.e. barriers, bear-ings, etc.)
- “Major Rehabilitation” that include work to the deck (i.e. patch-waterproof-pave, overlay, etc.) plus possibly other elements.
- “Replacement” of entire structure. The timeframe for the work is either:
- “1 to 5 years”, - ”6 to 10 years”
HINTS
87
M
aint
enan
ce N
eed
Des
crip
tion
8 R
epai
r of B
ridge
Con
cret
e Th
e re
pair
of a
ll co
ncre
te c
ompo
nent
s of
the
stru
ctur
e, s
uch
as c
urbs
, ped
estri
an w
alks
, con
cret
e ha
ndra
il po
sts,
par
apet
wal
ls, a
butm
ents
and
pie
rs, e
xcep
t whe
n th
e re
pair
is m
ore
dire
ctly
ass
ocia
ted
with
one
of t
he o
ther
def
ined
brid
ge m
aint
enan
ce o
pera
tions
or th
e qu
antit
y of
repa
ir is
exc
essi
ve fo
r a
mai
nten
ance
ope
ratio
n.
9 R
epai
r of B
ridge
Tim
ber
The
repa
ir of
all
brid
ge ti
mbe
r, in
clud
ing
the
repa
ir of
tim
ber d
ecks
on
stee
l brid
ges.
10
Baile
y Br
idge
s –
Inst
alla
tion,
M
aint
enan
ce a
nd R
emov
al
The
inst
alla
tion,
rem
oval
, rep
air a
nd m
aint
enan
ce w
ork
that
is u
niqu
e to
Bai
ley
Brid
ges,
but
not
in
clud
ing
wor
k de
fined
by
othe
r stru
ctur
al m
aint
enan
ce o
pera
tions
. 11
An
imal
/Pes
t Con
trol
The
inst
alla
tion
and
mai
nten
ance
of a
nim
al/p
est c
ontro
l dev
ices
und
er b
ridge
stru
ctur
es s
uch
as
pige
on-p
roof
ing.
12
Br
idge
Sur
face
Rep
air
The
repa
ir of
brid
ge s
urfa
ces
such
as
poth
ole
patc
hing
.
13
Eros
ion
Con
trol a
t Brid
ges
Ope
ratio
ns p
erfo
rmed
to p
reve
nt o
r rep
air d
amag
e du
e to
ero
sion
, suc
h as
sco
ur a
t abu
tmen
ts a
nd
arou
nd p
iers
, and
was
hout
s on
slo
pes.
Inc
lude
s re
mov
al o
f obs
truct
ions
to w
ater
flow
, cle
arin
g of
ve
geta
tion
grow
th, e
xten
sion
of d
eck
drai
ns, e
tc.
14
Con
cret
e Se
alin
g Th
e se
alin
g or
trea
tmen
t of b
ridge
con
cret
e su
rface
s w
ith a
ppro
ved
mat
eria
ls, a
s w
ell a
s th
e pr
epar
atio
n of
sur
face
s pr
ior t
o tre
atm
ent.
15
Rou
t and
Sea
l – C
oncr
ete
and
Asph
alt P
avem
ent o
n Br
idge
Dec
ks Th
e ro
utin
g of
join
ts a
nd/o
r cra
cks
in c
oncr
ete
and
asph
alt p
avem
ent a
nd th
e fil
ling
of s
ame
with
join
t fil
lers
or r
ubbe
rized
asp
halti
c se
alin
g co
mpo
unds
.
16
Brid
ge D
eck
Dra
inag
e Th
e re
pair,
mai
nten
ance
, and
repl
acem
ent o
f brid
ge d
eck
drai
ns.
Incl
udes
ste
amin
g an
d ca
lciu
m
appl
icat
ion
to u
ntha
w.
17
Scal
ing
(Loo
se C
oncr
ete
or A
CR
St
eel)
The
rem
oval
of l
oose
del
amin
ated
con
cret
e or
del
amin
ated
pat
ina
of A
CR
ste
el g
irder
s th
at p
ose
a ris
k as
a fa
lling
haza
rd.
18
Oth
er M
aint
enan
ce
A m
aint
enan
ce a
ctiv
ity th
at d
oes
not f
it in
to a
ny o
ther
cat
egor
y.
86
M
aint
enan
ce N
eed
Des
crip
tion
1 Li
ft an
d Sw
ing
Brid
ge
Mai
nten
ance
Th
e op
erat
ion,
mai
nten
ance
and
repa
ir ac
tiviti
es th
at a
re u
niqu
e to
lift
and
swin
g br
idge
st
ruct
ures
, inc
ludi
ng a
ll m
echa
nica
l equ
ipm
ent a
nd e
lect
rical
dev
ices
suc
h as
sig
nals
, fla
sher
s,
light
ing,
nav
igat
ion
light
s, e
tc.,
but n
ot in
clud
ing
wor
k de
fined
by
othe
r stru
ctur
al m
aint
enan
ce
oper
atio
ns.
2 B
ridge
Cle
anin
g Th
e cl
eani
ng o
f brid
ge c
ompo
nent
s in
clud
ing:
1)
Was
hing
of b
earin
gs, b
earin
g se
ats,
trus
s m
embe
rs, e
tc.
2)S
wee
ping
of b
ridge
dec
ks, c
urbs
and
gut
ters
. 3)
Rem
oval
of d
ebris
from
exp
ansi
on jo
ints
. 4)
Deb
ris p
ick-
up o
r min
or re
mov
al o
f agg
rega
te.
5)C
lean
ing
of c
atch
-bas
ins,
man
-hol
es a
nd d
eck
drai
ns.
3
Brid
ge R
ailin
g S
yste
m
Mai
nten
ance
Th
e pa
intin
g, re
pair
and/
or re
plac
emen
t of m
etal
han
drai
ls, r
ailin
g sy
stem
s an
d po
sts,
as
wel
l as
touc
h-up
pai
ntin
g ac
tiviti
es.
4 P
aint
ing
Ste
el B
ridge
Stru
ctur
es
The
prep
arat
ion
(san
dbla
stin
g, e
tc.)
and
pain
ting
of s
truct
ural
ste
el.
Incl
udes
han
drai
ls w
hen
perfo
rmed
as
part
of a
n ov
eral
l brid
ge p
aint
ing
oper
atio
n.
5 B
ridge
Dec
k Jo
int R
epai
r Th
e re
pair
and/
or re
plac
emen
t of e
xpan
sion
and
/or f
ixed
dec
k jo
ints
and
end
dam
s.
6 B
ridge
Bea
ring
Mai
nten
ance
Th
e ad
just
men
t, re
pair
and/
or re
plac
emen
t of b
ridge
bea
rings
. In
clud
es a
ll w
ork
dire
ctly
as
soci
ated
with
brid
ge b
earin
gs.
7 R
epai
r to
Stru
ctur
al S
teel
Th
e re
pair
of a
ll st
ruct
ural
ste
el, i
nclu
ding
repa
ir or
repl
acem
ent o
f ste
el c
ompo
nent
s, b
olts
and
fa
sten
ers.
Tabl
e 6.
1: M
aint
enan
ce N
eeds
(Par
t 2, S
ectio
n 6)
DEFICIENCIES
15
4. PERFORMANCE DEFICIENCIES (Part 2, Section 6)
A Performance Deficiency should be recorded if an element’s ability to perform its intended function is in question.
• “Suspected” Performance Deficiencies are re-corded for each element
• Potential Deficiencies categorized as “Suspected” since often difficult to ascertain the significance of defect at the time of the inspec-tion
• “Suspected” Performance Deficiencies usually indicate some follow-up action is required (strength evaluation, specialized inspection, monitoring, etc.)
• Standard List of possible deficiencies are shown on the inspection form (see Appendix D and Appendix E).
• Follow-up action can be addressed under “Additional Investigations” or “Special Notes” for the bridge.
Example: A severely corroded girder at the midspan
• Can the girder safely carry traffic loading? • Inspector cannot determine this in the field • Inspector can only indicate “Suspected” Per-
formance Deficiency for a follow-up strength evaluation
• Only then can decision be made whether bridge needs strengthening or posting
HINTS
16
5. MAINTENANCE (Part 2, Section 6) There are two types of maintenance work that are performed: Structural Maintenance Work - Is work to improve the structural capacity of a
specific element and not part of a larger con-struction contract
- Is generally only done to one element - Include emergency repairs and holding strat-
egy repairs - Is work that requires engineering drawings to
complete the work. Routine Maintenance Work - Is for preventative maintenance and minor re-
pair work that can be performed without engi-neering direction.
- Is usually carried out by bridge crews or road maintenance contractors
For all Maintenance work a standard list of mainte-nance needs are shown on the inspection form (see Appendix D, or Appendix E). The mainte-nance needs list should be forwarded to mainte-nance crews for action, with urgent items flagged for immediate attention.
HINTS
85
15 U
nsta
ble
Em
bank
men
ts
Em
bank
men
ts •
Set
tlem
ent o
f em
bank
men
t, sl
ope
prot
ectio
ns o
r app
roac
h ro
adw
ay;
•S
lidin
g fa
ilure
of t
he to
e or
slo
pes
of
the
emba
nkm
ent;
•S
urfa
ce o
r dee
p se
ated
slip
s;
•
Loss
of e
mba
nkm
ent m
ater
ial f
rom
un
der f
ound
atio
ns.
Geo
tech
nica
l inv
estig
atio
n
16 O
ther
14 U
nder
min
ing
of
Foun
datio
n S
tream
s &
Wat
erw
ays
or
Foun
datio
n
•Lo
ss o
f mat
eria
l sup
porti
ng
foun
datio
ns d
ue to
sco
ur o
r ero
sion
.
Und
erw
ater
Inve
stig
atio
n
DEFICIENCIES
84
Su
spec
ted
Perfo
rman
ce
Ele
men
t Nam
e (E
xam
ples
) D
escr
iptio
n of
Def
icie
ncy
Pos
sibl
e Fo
llow
-up
Act
ion
13 F
lood
ing/
Cha
nnel
B
lock
age
Stre
ams
&
Wat
erw
ays
•Th
e in
spec
tor s
houl
d lo
ok fo
r the
follo
win
g ev
iden
ce o
f hig
h w
ater
leve
ls, i
nade
quat
e op
enin
g at
the
stru
ctur
e an
d ad
vers
e af
fect
s on
ot
her c
ompo
nent
s of
the
stru
ctur
e:
•B
endi
ng o
r buc
klin
g of
the
low
er c
hord
of s
teel
tru
sses
in th
e do
wns
tream
dire
ctio
n by
ice
or
heav
y de
bris
; •
Ice
scar
s an
d da
mag
e to
sub
stru
ctur
es;
•C
oars
e de
bris
, suc
h as
bra
nche
s an
d sm
all
trees
, cau
ght o
r wed
ged
unde
r the
su
pers
truct
ure;
•
Fine
deb
ris, s
uch
as g
rass
and
twig
s, o
n fe
nces
, tre
es, e
mba
nkm
ents
, stru
ctur
es, e
tc.;
•W
ash
lines
on
bare
soi
l slo
pes;
•
Mud
or s
ilt d
epos
ited
on e
mba
nkm
ents
; •
Mar
ks a
nd s
tain
s on
stru
ctur
es.
•D
eter
min
e hi
stor
ical
fre
quen
cy o
f flo
odin
g an
d re
cord
ed w
ater
leve
ls a
nd
com
pare
to c
urre
nt h
igh
wat
er e
leva
tion
•M
onito
r wat
er e
leva
tions
th
roug
hout
yea
r •
Per
form
hyd
rolo
gy s
tudy
Tabl
e 5.
1: S
uspe
cted
Per
form
ance
Def
icie
ncie
s (P
art 2
, Se
ctio
n 5)
DEFICIENCIES
17
APPENDIX A
MATERIAL DEFECTS
This appendix contains a simplified table for material defects and condition states by combining the information from OSIM Part 1, Section 2 and Part 2, Section 4
TABLES 1. Concrete 2. Steel/Aluminum 3. Wood 4. Masonry 5. Asphalt Wearing Surface 6. Asphalt Covered Deck 7. Coating
DEFECTS
18
1.
CO
NC
RET
E (P
art 1
, Sec
t. 2.
2 an
d Pa
rt 2
, Tab
le 4
.5)
DEF
ECT
CO
ND
ITIO
N S
TATE
GO
OD
(LIG
HT)
FA
IR (M
EDIU
M)
POO
R
(S
EVER
E / V
ERY
SEVE
RE)
Sc
alin
g Lo
cal f
laki
ng/lo
ss o
f sur
face
por
tion
of c
oncr
ete
or m
orta
r due
to fr
eeze
-thaw
U
p to
5 m
m d
epth
6
- 10
mm
dep
th
> 10
mm
dep
th
Dis
inte
gra-
tion
Phy
sica
l det
erio
ratio
n or
bre
akin
g do
wn
of th
e co
ncre
te in
to s
mal
l fra
gmen
ts
All
Eros
ion
Det
erio
ratio
n of
con
cret
e br
ough
t abo
ut b
y w
ater
-bor
ne s
and
and
grav
el p
artic
les
scru
bbin
g ag
ains
t sur
face
s
A
ll
Cor
rosi
on o
f R
einf
orce
-m
ent
Det
erio
ratio
n of
rein
forc
emen
t by
elec
troly
sis
Due
to d
rain
s/ch
airs
R
ust s
tain
s fr
om re
info
rcem
ent
Expo
sed
rein
forc
e-m
ent w
ith ru
st
Del
amin
a-tio
n D
isco
ntin
uity
of t
he s
urfa
ce c
oncr
ete
whi
ch is
sub
stan
tially
, but
not
com
plet
ely
de
tach
ed fr
om c
oncr
ete
belo
w o
r abo
ve it
.
A
ll
DEFECTS
83
DEFICIENCIES
10 S
urfa
ce P
ondi
ng
Sid
ewal
k,
Wea
ring
surfa
ce
•W
ater
pon
ding
on
side
wal
ks/w
earin
g su
rface
, as
it pr
esen
ts
a sa
fety
haz
ard,
esp
ecia
lly if
allo
wed
to fr
eeze
;
•Fi
ll in
dep
ress
ion
with
asp
halt
(Mai
nten
ance
O
pera
tion)
11 D
eck
Dra
inag
e D
rain
age
Sys
tem
•
Dec
k dr
ains
not
pro
vide
d w
here
nec
essa
ry, o
r hav
e in
adeq
uate
siz
e of
ope
ning
; •
Dec
k dr
ains
and
dra
inag
e sy
stem
s im
prop
erly
con
stru
cted
with
in
adeq
uate
slo
pes
or s
harp
dire
ctio
nal c
hang
es;
•D
rain
age
syst
em p
lugg
ed o
r par
tially
plu
gged
and
not
allo
win
g fo
r fre
e an
d un
obst
ruct
ed fl
ow o
f wat
er;
•D
rain
age
outle
ts d
isch
argi
ng d
irect
ly o
nto
stru
ctur
e co
mpo
nent
s or
ro
adw
ays
belo
w th
e de
ck;
•D
rain
age
outle
ts d
isch
argi
ng d
irect
ly o
nto
emba
nkm
ent w
ithou
t pr
oper
pro
visi
on fo
r col
lect
ing,
cha
nnel
ling
and
cont
rolli
ng o
f di
scha
rge
with
spl
ashp
ads,
spi
llway
s or
gut
ters
; •
Inad
equa
te p
rovi
sion
for d
rain
age
at th
e st
ruct
ure
appr
oach
es.
•R
evie
w d
eck
drai
nage
re
quire
men
ts
12 S
lippe
ry S
urfa
ces
Dec
k To
p •
Loss
in ri
ding
com
fort
and
pote
ntia
l los
s of
veh
icle
con
trol
due
to d
efec
ts in
the
com
pone
nt m
ater
ial;
•Lo
ss o
f pro
tect
ion
to u
nder
lyin
g su
rface
s du
e to
def
ects
in
the
wea
ring
surfa
ce m
ater
ials
;
•R
esur
face
pro
blem
ar
ea (M
aint
enan
ce
Ope
ratio
n)
82
DEFICIENCIES
Su
spec
ted
Perf
orm
ance
El
emen
t Nam
e (E
xam
ples
) D
escr
iptio
n of
Def
icie
ncy
Poss
ible
Fol
low
-up
Actio
n
9 R
ough
Rid
ing
Sur
face
W
earin
g S
urfa
ce,
App
roac
h sl
abs
•R
ough
app
roac
hes,
set
tlem
ent o
r con
solid
atio
n of
ap
proa
ch e
mba
nkm
ents
, or d
eter
iora
tion
of th
e ap
proa
ch s
labs
or r
amps
, res
ultin
g in
veh
icle
s "b
ounc
ing"
ont
o th
e br
idge
. In
addi
tion
to a
pply
ing
exce
ssiv
e dy
nam
ic lo
adin
g to
the
brid
ge, t
his
may
al
so re
sult
in d
iffic
ulty
in m
aint
aini
ng v
ehic
le c
ontro
l •
Dep
ress
ions
and
cra
cks
in th
e ro
adw
ay p
avem
ent
abov
e cu
lver
ts a
nd s
oil-s
teel
stru
ctur
es;
•S
moo
th o
ut a
spha
lt at
ap
proa
ch (M
aint
enan
ce
oper
atio
n)
•S
treng
th e
valu
atio
n
8 Pe
dest
rian/
ve
hicu
lar h
azar
d Ar
mou
ring/
re
tain
ing
devi
ces,
Si
dew
alk
•V
ertic
al o
r hor
izon
tal m
isal
ignm
ent a
cros
s th
e jo
int;
•S
ever
e m
ater
ial d
efec
ts (e
.g. S
pallin
g)
•H
oriz
onta
l, ve
rtica
l or r
otat
iona
l dis
plac
emen
ts in
cu
rbs
and
side
wal
ks a
s th
ey a
re h
azar
dous
to
pede
stria
n an
d ve
hicu
lar s
afet
y, a
nd p
rese
nt
obst
ruct
ions
to s
now
plo
ws.
•
Inad
equa
te c
urb
heig
ht, o
r los
s of
cur
b he
ight
for
side
wal
ks d
ue to
the
plac
emen
t of a
n ad
ditio
nal
laye
r of w
earin
g su
rface
or d
eck
over
lay
•R
emov
e ob
stru
ctio
n (M
aint
enan
ce o
pera
tion)
•
Rev
iew
Cod
e re
quire
men
ts
for c
urb
heig
ht
Tabl
e 5.
1: S
uspe
cted
Per
form
ance
Def
icie
ncie
s (P
art 2
, Sec
tion
5)
19
1.
CO
NC
RET
E
DEF
ECT
CO
ND
ITIO
N S
TATE
GO
OD
(LIG
HT)
FA
IR (M
EDIU
M)
POO
R
(S
EVER
E / V
ERY
SEVE
RE)
Spal
ling
Frag
men
ts w
hich
hav
e be
en d
etac
hed
from
a la
rger
con
cret
e m
ass
All
Cra
ckin
g Li
near
frac
ture
whi
ch e
xten
ds p
artly
or c
ompl
etel
y th
roug
h th
e m
embe
r.
< 0.
3 m
m
0.3
- 1.0
mm
wid
e >
1.0
mm
wid
e
Alk
ali-
Agg
rega
te
Rea
ctio
n
Aggr
egat
es re
act a
dver
sely
with
the
alka
lies
in c
emen
t to
prod
uce
a hi
ghly
exp
ansi
ve a
lkal
i-si
lica
gel
Hai
rline
pat
tern
cra
cks
< 0.
1 m
m
Nar
row
pat
tern
cra
cks
0.1
- 0.3
mm
wid
e M
ediu
m-w
ide
patte
rn
crac
ks
> 0.
3 m
m w
ide
DEFECTS
20
1.
CO
NC
RET
E
DEF
ECT
CO
ND
ITIO
N S
TATE
GO
OD
(LIG
HT)
FA
IR (M
EDIU
M)
POO
R
(S
EVER
E an
d VE
RY
SEVE
RE)
Hon
eyco
mbi
ng
Pro
duce
d du
e to
the
impr
oper
or i
ncom
plet
e vi
brat
ion
of th
e co
ncre
te w
hich
resu
lts in
vo
ids
bein
g le
ft in
the
conc
rete
whe
re th
e m
orta
r fai
led
to c
ompl
etel
y fil
l the
spa
ces
betw
een
the
coar
se a
ggre
gate
par
ticle
s
Hol
es u
p to
25
mm
dia
. H
oles
25
- 50
mm
dia
. H
oles
mor
e th
an
50 m
m d
ia.
Pop-
Out
s
Sha
llow
con
ical
dep
ress
ions
resu
lting
from
the
brea
king
aw
ay o
f sm
all p
ortio
ns o
f the
co
ncre
te s
urfa
ce, d
ue to
the
expa
nsio
n of
som
e ag
greg
ates
due
to fr
ost a
ctio
n.
Hol
es u
p to
25
mm
dia
. H
oles
25
- 50
mm
dia
. H
oles
mor
e th
an
50 m
m d
ia.
DEFECTS
81
Su
spec
ted
Perf
orm
ance
D
efic
ienc
y
Elem
ent N
ame
(Exa
mpl
es)
Des
crip
tion
of D
efic
ienc
y Po
ssib
le F
ollo
w-u
p Ac
tion
5 S
eize
d Be
arin
gs
Bea
rings
•
Bin
ding
or j
amm
ing
of e
xpan
sion
or r
otat
iona
l co
mpo
nent
s du
e to
cor
rosi
on, l
ack
of lu
bric
atio
n or
da
mag
e to
slid
ing
surfa
ces;
•S
treng
th e
valu
atio
n to
ac
coun
t for
cha
nge
in
artic
ulat
ion
•Lu
bric
ate
Bea
rings
(Mai
nten
ance
Ope
ratio
n)
6 B
earin
g no
t un
iform
ly lo
aded
/un
stab
le
Ela
stom
eric
Bea
ring,
R
ocke
r Bea
ring,
etc
•
Non
-uni
form
con
tact
of b
earin
g su
rface
s w
ith e
ach
othe
r or w
ith b
earin
g se
at
•E
xces
sive
incl
inat
ions
of b
earin
gs
•R
egul
ar m
onito
ring
of b
earin
g m
ovem
ents
7 Ja
mm
ed e
xpan
sion
Jo
int
Arm
ourin
g/
reta
inin
g de
vice
s •
Inad
equa
te jo
int g
ap to
acc
omm
odat
e an
ticip
ated
fu
rther
mov
emen
t; •
Sur
faci
ng m
ater
ials
hav
e ja
mm
ed in
the
join
ts d
urin
g re
surfa
cing
of d
eck;
•
Des
ign
or c
onst
ruct
ion
prob
lem
s no
t allo
win
g pr
oper
m
ovem
ent o
f mul
ti-se
al jo
ints
.
•R
egul
ar m
onito
ring
of d
eck
mov
emen
ts
•C
lean
out
gap
(Mai
nten
ance
op
erat
ion)
DEFICIENCIES
80
DEFICIENCIES
Su
spec
ted
Perf
orm
ance
D
efic
ienc
y
Elem
ent N
ame
(Exa
mpl
es)
Des
crip
tion
of D
efic
ienc
y Po
ssib
le F
ollo
w-u
p Ac
tion
4 C
ontin
uing
M
ovem
ents
A
butm
ent W
all,
Pie
r, D
eck
Top,
B
earin
gs, e
tc
•O
ut o
f plu
mb
of a
butm
ent w
alls
, pile
s, p
iers
or o
ther
co
mpo
nent
s su
ppor
ted
on th
em;
•Ti
lting
or b
ulgi
ng o
f Ret
aine
d S
oil S
yste
m (R
SS
) wal
ls
•U
nusu
al o
r une
xpec
ted
subs
truct
ure
mov
emen
ts o
ccur
ring
durin
g th
e pa
ssag
e of
hea
vy v
ehic
les
over
the
brid
ge;
•Ta
perin
g or
mis
alig
nmen
t of c
rack
s an
d jo
ints
in fo
unda
tions
, ab
utm
ents
, pie
rs o
r oth
er c
ompo
nent
s su
ppor
ted
on th
em;
•S
udde
n dr
ops
or k
inks
in th
e st
ruct
ure
prof
ile o
ver p
iers
or
abut
men
t wal
ls w
hen
sigh
ting
alon
g ra
ilings
or b
eam
line
s;
•A
bnor
mal
ly la
rge
or s
mal
l ope
ning
s or
mis
alig
nmen
t of d
eck
expa
nsio
n jo
ints
at a
butm
ents
and
pie
rs;
•A
bnor
mal
dis
plac
emen
ts o
r inc
linat
ions
of b
earin
gs;
•A
bnor
mal
ly la
rge
or s
mal
l cle
aran
ce b
etw
een
balla
st w
all
and
supe
rstru
ctur
e;
•C
rack
s in
abu
tmen
t wal
l and
bal
last
wal
l •
Shi
ft in
alig
nmen
t fro
m o
rigin
al p
ositi
on;
•R
egul
ar m
onito
ring
and
mea
sure
men
t of m
ovem
ents
, in
clin
atio
ns, c
rack
wid
ths,
etc
. •
Und
erw
ater
inve
stig
atio
n •
Geo
tech
nica
l inv
estig
atio
n
Tabl
e 5.
1: S
uspe
cted
Per
form
ance
Def
icie
ncie
s (P
art 2
, Sec
tion
5)
21
1.
CO
NC
RET
E
DEF
ECT
CO
ND
ITIO
N S
TATE
GO
OD
(LIG
HT)
FA
IR (M
EDIU
M)
POO
R
(S
EVER
E an
d VE
RY
SEVE
RE)
Stra
tific
atio
n S
epar
atio
n of
con
cret
e in
to la
yers
prio
r to
hard
enin
g du
e to
ove
r-vi
brat
ion.
A
LL
Se
greg
atio
n
Con
cret
e no
t uni
form
due
to fa
lling
conc
rete
(poo
r pla
cem
ent)
A
LL
C
old
Join
ts
Cau
sed
by h
arde
ned
conc
rete
prio
r to
the
next
adj
acen
t pou
r
A
LL
D
epos
its
Wat
er s
eepe
d th
roug
h co
ncre
te, l
each
ing
chem
ical
s an
d de
posi
ting
them
on
the
surfa
ce -
efflo
resc
ence
A
LL
Abr
asio
n
ALL
Wea
ring
caus
ed b
y ve
hicl
es o
r sno
w-p
loug
h bl
ades
DEFECTS
22
1.
CO
NC
RET
E
DEF
ECT
CO
ND
ITIO
N S
TATE
GO
OD
(LIG
HT)
FA
IR (M
EDIU
M)
POO
R
(S
EVER
E an
d VE
RY
SEVE
RE)
Wea
r R
esul
t of d
ynam
ic a
nd/o
r fric
tiona
l for
ces
gene
rate
d by
veh
icul
ar tr
affic
, cou
pled
with
th
e ab
rasi
ve in
flux
of s
and,
dirt
and
deb
ris
A
LL
Sl
ippe
ry C
on-
cret
e Su
rfac
e S
moo
th s
urfa
ce re
sulti
ng fr
om th
e po
lishi
ng o
f the
con
cret
e de
ck s
urfa
ce b
y th
e ac
tion
of re
petit
ive
vehi
cula
r tra
ffic
Act
ive
Wet
Are
as
Con
cret
e so
ffit s
urfa
ce is
wet
or d
amp
Wet
but
no
crac
ks
Wet
with
cra
cks
A
LL
* in
clud
e su
spec
ted
per-
form
ance
s de
ficie
ncy
of
“slip
pery
sur
face
”
DEFECTS
79
•M
is-a
lignm
ent,
late
ral d
efor
mat
ion,
war
ping
, etc
. of c
ompo
nent
s;
•In
abilit
y of
the
abut
men
t to
with
stan
d la
tera
l ear
th p
ress
ures
, as
indi
cate
d by
long
, med
ium
hor
izon
tal c
rack
s in
abu
tmen
ts;
•D
efor
mat
ion
of th
e ro
of s
lab,
floo
r sla
b or
wal
ls o
f cul
verts
. •
Def
orm
atio
n of
soi
l-ste
el s
truct
ures
suc
h as
flat
teni
ng o
r pea
king
of
the
soffi
t or b
uckl
ing
of th
e sh
ould
ers
or h
aunc
hes;
•
Up-
lift a
t end
s of
soi
l-ste
el s
truct
ures
•
Mov
emen
ts c
ausi
ng d
istre
ss in
a b
earin
g or
it's
com
pone
nts,
or i
n ot
her s
truct
ure
com
pone
nts;
3 C
ontin
uing
se
ttlem
ent
Foun
datio
n •
Loss
of s
treng
th o
r sup
port
for a
pplie
d lo
ads
due
to m
ater
ial d
efec
ts;
•Lo
ss o
f mat
eria
l sup
porti
ng fo
unda
tions
due
to s
cour
or e
rosi
on
•C
onso
lidat
ion
or fa
ilure
of u
nder
lyin
g so
il re
sulti
ng in
cra
ckin
g or
m
ovem
ent o
f fou
ndat
ions
, abu
tmen
ts o
r pie
rs
•Lo
ss o
f con
tact
bet
wee
n pi
les
and
pile
cap
or p
ier c
ap;
•C
hang
es in
the
incl
inat
ion
of p
iles.
•
Rot
atio
nal m
ovem
ent o
f pile
cap
s an
d lo
ss o
f ful
l con
tact
with
pile
s. •
Reg
ular
Mon
itorin
g of
se
ttlem
ent,
pier
and
ab
utm
ent e
leva
tions
an
d cr
ack
wid
ths
•S
treng
th e
valu
atio
n •
Geo
tech
nica
l in
vest
igat
ion
•U
nder
wat
er
inve
stig
atio
n
DEFICIENCIES
78
Su
spec
ted
Perf
orm
ance
D
efic
ienc
y
Elem
ent N
ame
(Exa
mpl
es)
Des
crip
tion
of D
efic
ienc
y Po
ssib
le F
ollo
w-u
p Ac
tion
1 Lo
ad C
arry
ing
Cap
acity
G
irder
, Dec
k To
p, R
ailin
g S
yste
m, e
tc
•M
ater
ial d
efec
ts le
adin
g to
loss
of s
treng
th, o
r whi
ch a
re
indi
cativ
e of
inad
equa
te s
treng
th o
f the
com
pone
nt
(eg.
20%
sec
tion
loss
at m
id-s
pan
of g
irder
) •
Det
rimen
tal m
odifi
catio
ns m
ade
subs
eque
nt to
co
nstru
ctio
n;
•S
trong
evi
denc
e of
und
er d
esig
n to
cur
rent
load
s
•St
reng
th e
valu
atio
n •
Mon
itorin
g of
def
orm
a-tio
ns d
ispl
acem
ents
or
rota
tions
) or c
rack
s
2 Ex
cess
ive
Def
orm
atio
ns
Rai
ling
Syst
em,
Dec
k To
p, T
russ
Cho
rd,
Abu
tmen
t Wal
l, B
earin
gs, e
tc
•O
verlo
adin
g, e
ither
sin
gle
or re
petit
ive
occu
rren
ce,
resu
lting
in p
erm
anen
t def
orm
atio
ns o
f the
dec
k or
dec
k co
mpo
nent
s.
•P
erm
anen
t def
orm
atio
ns, e
spec
ially
in c
ompr
essi
on
com
pone
nts
•U
nant
icip
ated
or e
xces
sive
vib
ratio
n or
def
lect
ion
of
com
pone
nts,
con
nect
ions
or j
oint
s un
der l
ive
load
s •
Une
xpec
ted
nois
e fro
m c
ompo
nent
s or
con
nect
ions
due
to
vehi
cles
mov
ing
acro
ss th
e st
ruct
ure.
•St
reng
th e
valu
atio
n •
Mon
itorin
g of
de
form
atio
ns
(dis
plac
emen
ts o
r ro
tatio
ns)
DEFICIENCIES
Tabl
e 5.
1: S
uspe
cted
Per
form
ance
Def
icie
ncie
s (P
art 2
, Sec
tion
5)
23
24
2.
STE
EL/A
LUM
INU
M (P
art 1
, Sec
t. 2.
3 an
d 2.
6, P
art 2
Tab
le 4
.15,
4.16
, and
4.1
7)
DEF
ECT
CO
ND
ITIO
N S
TATE
GO
OD
(LIG
HT)
FA
IR (M
EDIU
M)
POO
R (
SEVE
RE
/ VER
Y SE
VER
E)
Cor
rosi
on
Det
erio
ratio
n of
ste
el b
y ch
emic
al/e
lect
ro-c
hem
ical
reac
tion
resu
lting
from
exp
osur
e to
air,
m
oist
ure,
de-
icin
g sa
lts, i
ndus
trial
fum
es a
nd o
ther
che
mic
als/
cont
amin
ants
in th
e en
viro
nmen
t in
whi
ch it
is p
lace
d
No
sect
ion
loss
, loo
se ru
st/
pitti
ng in
pai
nt -
< 10
% s
ectio
n lo
ss, s
mal
l sc
ales
or f
lake
s -
> 10
% s
ectio
n lo
ss, e
x-te
nsiv
e ru
st/
perf
orat
ions
Ea
rly s
igns
of p
atin
a da
mag
e Fl
akin
g of
pat
ina
Perm
anen
t D
efor
mat
ions
Ste
el m
embe
rs c
an ta
ke th
e fo
rm o
f ben
ding
, buc
klin
g, tw
istin
g or
elo
ngat
ion.
C
orru
gate
Ste
el P
ipe
(CSP
) cul
verts
can
exh
ibit
cusp
ing
(abr
upt c
hang
e in
cur
vatu
re, t
ypic
ally
at
sea
m),
crim
ping
(loc
al b
uckl
ing
of c
ulve
rt w
all),
glo
bal d
efor
mat
ion
(cha
nge
in o
rigin
al
curv
ed s
hape
), an
d bo
lt til
ting
(bea
ring
failu
re o
f bol
ts).
For M
embe
rs:
ALL
(E
stim
ate
repa
ir ar
ea)
DEFECTS
77
Performance Deficiencies and Maintenance Needs
APPENDIX D
76
Woo
d Su
bstr
uctu
re o
r Su
pers
truc
ture
A
det
aile
d in
vest
igat
ion
of th
e w
ood
com
pone
nts
usin
g te
chni
ques
suc
h as
pro
bing
, dr
illing
, cor
ing,
etc
.
10%
of e
lem
ent i
n “P
oor”
Con
ditio
n St
ate
Par
t 4 o
f thi
s m
anua
l
Stru
ctur
al S
teel
C
oatin
g A
det
aile
d su
rvey
of t
he c
ondi
tion
of th
e co
atin
g to
con
firm
the
feas
ibilit
y of
ove
r-coa
ting.
The
su
rvey
invo
lves
test
ing
coat
ing
adhe
sion
, dry
fil
m th
ickn
ess,
etc
. If
dete
riora
tion
is s
till i
n th
e ea
rly s
tage
s (C
ombi
ned
area
of F
air a
nd P
oor
grea
ter t
han
25%
, and
Poo
r is
less
than
10%
at
the
visu
al in
spec
tion
stag
e), “
over
-coa
ting”
of
the
stee
l may
be
a vi
able
reha
bilit
atio
n op
tion.
Th
is in
volv
es c
lean
ing
the
surfa
ce w
ith a
wire
br
ush
and
“ove
r-co
atin
g” th
e en
tire
surfa
ce.
If de
terio
ratio
n ex
ceed
s th
e th
resh
old,
trad
ition
al
coat
ing
tech
niqu
es (s
andb
last
ing
the
surfa
ce,
prim
ing,
etc
,) w
ould
pro
babl
y ha
ve to
be
used
.
25%
of c
ombi
ned
area
in
“Fai
r” an
d “P
oor”
C
ondi
tion
Sta
tes
and
also
the
perc
enta
ge in
P
oor l
ess
than
10%
.
Stru
ctur
al S
teel
Coa
ting
Man
ual
CONDITI
ON
* T
his t
able
indi
cate
s the
mat
eria
l def
ect p
ropo
rtion
s tha
t wou
ld g
ener
ally
trig
ger t
he
need
for a
det
aile
d co
nditi
on su
rvey
to b
e do
ne.
25
2.
STE
EL/A
LUM
INU
M
DEF
ECT
CO
ND
ITIO
N S
TATE
GO
OD
(LIG
HT)
FA
IR (M
EDIU
M)
POO
R (
SEVE
RE
/ VER
Y SE
VER
E)
Cus
ping
or c
rimpi
ng o
f cul
verts
<1
0mm
in h
eigh
t.
Cus
ping
or c
rimpi
ng o
f cul
-ve
rts >
10m
m in
hei
ght *
Glo
bal D
efor
mat
ion
<10%
of c
ulve
rt di
amet
er
Glo
bal D
efor
mat
ion
>10%
of
cul
vert
diam
eter
and
re-
vers
e cu
rvat
ure
*
B
olt T
iltin
g
C
rack
ing
A
re li
near
frac
ture
in th
e st
eel e
xten
ding
par
tially
or c
ompl
etel
y th
roug
h th
e m
embe
r. Th
ey a
re
mai
nly
caus
ed b
y fa
tigue
, whi
ch c
an le
ad to
brit
tle fr
actu
re (m
embe
r cra
cks
com
plet
ely)
th
roug
h w
ithou
t prio
r war
ning
) C
rack
s pe
rpen
dicu
lar t
o st
ress
are
ver
y s
erio
us a
nd s
houl
d ha
ve
imm
edia
te a
ctio
n ta
ken.
A
LL
(Est
imat
e re
pair
area
)
DEFECTS
26
2.
STE
EL/A
LUM
INU
M
DEF
ECT
CO
ND
ITIO
N S
TATE
GO
OD
(LIG
HT)
FA
IR (M
EDIU
M)
POO
R
(SEV
ERE
/ VER
Y SE
VER
E)
Con
nect
ion
D
efic
ienc
ies
Lo
ose
conn
ectio
ns c
an o
ccur
in b
olte
d, ri
vete
d or
cla
mpe
d co
nnec
tions
. Th
ey m
ay b
e ca
used
by
corr
osio
n of
the
conn
ecto
r, gu
sset
pla
tes
or fa
sten
ers,
exc
essi
ve v
ibra
tion,
ov
erst
ress
ing,
cra
ckin
g, o
r the
lack
of p
rope
r tig
hten
ing
durin
g co
nstru
ctio
n.
Bas
ed o
n th
e co
nditi
on o
f the
wor
st c
ompo
nent
with
in th
e co
nnec
tion
Dep
ends
on
perc
enta
ge o
f Loo
se B
olts
or P
lan
Are
a w
ith s
ever
e co
rros
ion
< 5%
loos
e bo
lts o
r se-
vere
rust
<
10%
loos
e bo
lts o
r sev
ere
rust
or
cra
cks
> 10
% lo
ose
bolts
or
seve
re ru
st o
r cra
cks
* -
F
or C
SP
cul
verts
, all
porti
ons
in th
e P
oor C
ondi
tion
Sta
te e
xcep
t cor
rosi
on w
ithou
t per
fora
tions
(i.e
. cu
spin
g, c
rimpi
ng, d
efor
mat
ions
, cra
cks
and
corro
sion
with
per
fora
tions
) the
are
a sh
all b
e ta
ken
to in
clud
e th
e en
tire
circ
umfe
renc
e
DEFECTS
75
Tabl
e 1:
Mat
eria
l Con
ditio
n Su
rvey
Trig
gers
(Par
t 3)
Con
ditio
n Su
rvey
Ty
pe
Des
crip
tion
Con
ditio
n Su
rvey
Tr
igge
r R
efer
ence
s
Con
cret
e D
eck
(A
spha
lt or
Con
cret
e su
rfac
e)
Invo
lves
the
test
ing
of v
ario
us c
ore
sam
ples
, sa
wn
sam
ples
and
the
delin
eatio
n of
de
lam
inat
ed a
reas
and
are
as o
f hig
h co
rros
ion
pote
ntia
l (us
ing
half-
cell
surv
ey)
10%
of e
lem
ent i
n “P
oor”
Con
ditio
n S
tate
Stru
ctur
e R
ehab
ilitat
ion
Man
ual
Non
-des
truc
tive
Del
amin
atio
n Su
rvey
of
Asp
halt
Cov
ered
D
ecks
Invo
lves
the
delin
eatio
n of
del
amin
ated
are
as
usin
g no
n-de
stru
ctiv
e te
stin
g te
chni
ques
suc
h as
Gro
und
Pen
etra
ting
Rad
ar, I
mpa
ct E
cho
test
ing,
etc
5% o
f ele
men
t in
“Poo
r” C
ondi
tion
Sta
te S
truct
ure
Reh
abilit
atio
n M
anua
l
Con
cret
e Su
bstr
uctu
re In
volv
es th
e te
stin
g of
var
ious
cor
e sa
mpl
es,
etc,
and
the
delin
eatio
n of
del
amin
ated
are
as
and
area
s of
hig
h co
rros
ion
pote
ntia
l (us
ing
half-
cell
surv
ey)
10%
of e
lem
ent i
n “P
oor”
Con
ditio
n S
tate
Stru
ctur
e R
ehab
ilitat
ion
Man
ual
CONDITI
ON
74
Tabl
e 4.
19:
Woo
d –
Subs
truc
ture
s an
d Su
pers
truc
ture
s
Exce
llent
Con
ditio
n G
ood
Con
ditio
n Fa
ir C
ondi
tion
Poor
Con
ditio
n N
o ob
serv
ed m
ater
ial d
efec
ts
Ligh
t che
cks,
spl
its a
nd s
hake
s * M
ediu
m c
heck
s, s
plits
and
sh
akes
*
Sev
ere
and
very
sev
ere
chec
ks,
split
s an
d sh
akes
*
Li
ght w
eath
erin
g M
ediu
m w
eath
erin
g S
ever
e an
d ve
ry s
ever
e w
eath
-er
ing
Li
ght r
ot o
r dec
ay
Med
ium
rot o
r dec
ay
Sev
ere
and
very
sev
ere
rot o
r de
cay
Li
ght i
nsec
t dam
age
Med
ium
Inse
ct D
amag
e S
ever
e an
d ve
ry s
ever
e in
sect
da
mag
e
Ligh
t abr
asio
n an
d w
ear
Med
ium
Abr
asio
n an
d w
ear
Seve
re a
nd v
ery
seve
re a
bra-
sion
and
wea
r
Ligh
t cra
ckin
g, s
plin
terin
g,
crus
hing
and
sha
tterin
g M
ediu
m c
rack
ing,
spl
inte
ring,
cr
ushi
ng a
nd s
hatte
ring
Seve
re a
nd v
ery
seve
re c
rack
-in
g, s
plin
terin
g, c
rush
ing
and
shat
terin
g
Ligh
t fire
and
che
mic
al d
amag
e M
ediu
m fi
re a
nd c
hem
ical
dam
-ag
e S
ever
e an
d ve
ry s
ever
e fir
e an
d ch
emic
al d
amag
e
Li
ght c
onne
ctio
n de
ficie
ncie
s
Med
ium
con
nect
ion
defic
ienc
ies
Sev
ere
conn
ectio
n de
ficie
ncie
s
Con
ditio
n su
rvey
if a
rea
of d
ete-
riora
tion
in th
is s
tate
> 1
0%
* -
T
hese
nat
ural
ly o
ccur
ring
crac
ks in
the
woo
d, c
ause
d by
shr
inka
ge, a
re n
ot a
s se
vere
as
over
load
cr
acki
ng o
r spl
inte
ring
sinc
e w
ood
fibre
s ex
ist t
o br
idge
the
crac
k an
d re
duce
the
impa
ct o
n th
e m
embe
r ca
paci
ty.
The
actu
al a
rea
cont
aini
ng th
e de
fect
sha
ll be
det
erm
ined
for a
reas
con
tain
ing
num
erou
s de
fect
s. F
or is
olat
ed c
rack
s, 8
m o
f cra
ck le
ngth
is e
qual
to 1
squ
are
met
re o
f def
ect f
or c
heck
s, s
hake
s an
d sp
lits;
whi
le 4
m o
f cra
ck le
ngth
is e
qual
to 1
squ
are
met
re o
f def
ect f
or c
rack
ing,
spl
inte
ring,
cru
sh-
ing
and
shat
terin
g. T
he le
ngth
of c
rack
s, s
hake
s, s
plits
, etc
. sha
ll be
mea
sure
d on
all
surfa
ces.
CONDITI
ON
27
28 73
Tabl
e 4.
18:
Stre
ams
and
Wat
erw
ays
Exce
llent
Con
ditio
n G
ood
Con
ditio
n
Fair
Con
ditio
n
Poor
Con
ditio
n N
o ob
serv
ed m
ater
ial
defe
cts
A fe
w lo
catio
ns o
f sco
ur
or d
egra
datio
n of
the
stre
am b
ed o
r stre
am
bank
s bu
t not
exp
osin
g th
e fo
unda
tions
Num
erou
s lo
catio
ns o
f sc
our o
r deg
rada
tion
of th
e st
ream
bed
or s
tream
ba
nks
to th
e to
p of
the
pre-
viou
sly
cove
red
foun
da-
tions
Sco
ur o
r deg
rada
tion
of th
e st
ream
bed
or s
tream
ban
ks
to th
e bo
ttom
of p
revi
ousl
y co
vere
d fo
unda
tions
S
light
sco
ur a
t inl
et o
r ou
tlet o
f cul
verts
and
so
il-st
eel s
truct
ures
Mod
erat
e sc
our a
t the
inle
t or
out
let o
f cul
verts
and
so
il-st
eel s
truct
ures
Ext
ensi
ve s
cour
aro
und
the
inle
t or o
utle
t of c
ulve
rts a
nd
soil-
stee
l stru
ctur
es w
ith lo
ss
of e
mba
nkm
ent f
ill
Stre
am a
lignm
ent
shift
ed b
ut n
ot e
n-cr
oach
ing
agai
nst c
om-
pone
nts
prev
ious
ly n
ot
subj
ect t
o st
ream
flow
Stre
am a
lignm
ent s
hifte
d an
d en
croa
chin
g cl
ose
to
com
pone
nts
not p
revi
ousl
y su
bjec
t to
stre
am fl
ow
Stre
am a
lignm
ent s
hifte
d w
ith s
tream
flow
dire
ctly
ag
ains
t mos
t of a
com
pone
nt
not p
revi
ousl
y su
bjec
t to
stre
am
A
few
loca
tions
of a
g-gr
adat
ion
not a
ffect
ing
the
stre
am fl
ow a
t the
st
ruct
ure
Med
ium
agg
rada
tion
hav-
ing
a si
gnifi
cant
effe
ct o
n th
e st
ream
flow
at t
he
stru
ctur
e
Ext
ensi
ve a
ggra
datio
n ve
ry
seve
rely
affe
ctin
g th
e st
ream
flo
w a
t the
stru
ctur
e)
CONDITI
ON
72
Tabl
e 4.
17:
Stee
l or A
lum
inum
- R
ailin
gs
Exce
llent
Con
ditio
n G
ood
Con
ditio
n
Fair
Con
ditio
n
Poor
Con
ditio
n
No
obse
rved
mat
eria
l de
fect
s Li
ght c
orro
sion
– n
o se
ctio
n lo
ss
Med
ium
cor
rosi
on -
up
to 1
0% s
ectio
n lo
ss
Sev
ere
and
very
sev
ere
corr
osio
n –
mor
e th
an
10%
sec
tion
loss
Slig
ht lo
ss o
f cab
le te
n-si
on o
r slig
ht s
lippa
ge
of c
able
anc
hors
and
sp
lices
Mod
erat
e lo
ss o
f cab
le
tens
ion
or s
light
slip
-pa
ge o
f cab
le a
ncho
rs
and
splic
es
Sig
nific
ant l
oss
of c
able
te
nsio
n or
slig
ht s
lip-
page
of c
able
anc
hors
an
d sp
lices
Brok
en c
able
stra
nds/
supp
orts
Col
lisio
n or
van
dalis
m
dam
age/
mis
sing
sec
-tio
ns
P
erm
anen
t def
orm
a-tio
ns
Li
ght c
onne
ctio
n de
fi-ci
enci
es
Med
ium
con
nect
ion
defic
ienc
ies
Sev
ere
conn
ectio
n de
fi-ci
enci
es
CONDITI
ON
29
DEFECTS
3.
WO
OD
(Par
t 1, S
ect.
2.4
and
Part
2 T
able
4.1
9)
DEF
ECT
CO
ND
ITIO
N S
TATE
GO
OD
(LIG
HT)
FA
IR (M
EDIU
M)
POO
R
(S
EVER
E / V
ERY
SEVE
RE)
Wea
ther
ing
Gra
dual
det
erio
ratio
n of
woo
d du
e to
exp
osur
e to
the
actio
ns o
f sun
, rai
n, w
ind,
fros
t and
atm
osph
eric
po
lluta
nts
Che
cks
Lo
ngitu
dina
l tis
sue
sepa
ratio
ns o
n th
e si
de g
rain
of w
ood
mem
bers
Split
s S
ever
e tis
sue
sepa
ratio
ns e
xten
ding
from
the
side
into
the
end
Shak
es
Tiss
ue s
epar
atio
ns w
hich
follo
w th
e ci
rcul
ar a
nnua
l gro
wth
ring
s, a
nd a
re v
isib
le o
n th
e en
d gr
ain
Wea
ther
ing
< 5%
into
mem
ber
5
—10
% in
to m
embe
r
>
10%
into
mem
ber
Che
cks,
Spl
its,
Shak
es
< 5%
into
mem
ber
5—10
% in
to m
embe
r >
10%
into
mem
ber
Bio
logi
cal d
ecom
posi
tion
of w
ood
caus
ed b
y m
icro
-org
anis
ms
calle
d fu
ngi
Slig
ht c
hang
e in
col
our b
ut
woo
d so
lid (<
5% S
ectio
n Lo
ss)
Sur
face
is d
isco
lour
ed a
nd s
light
ho
llow
sou
nd (5
% to
10%
Sec
tion
Loss
)
Sur
face
is fi
brou
s or
cru
mbl
y an
d ho
llow
sou
ndin
g or
Sur
face
an
d in
terio
r is
crum
bly
and
woo
d is
wea
k (>
10%
Los
s)
Rot
or D
ecay
30
DEFECTS
3.
WO
OD
D
EFEC
T C
ON
DIT
ION
STA
TE
G
OO
D (L
IGH
T)
FAIR
(MED
IUM
) PO
OR
(SEV
ERE
/ VER
Y SE
VER
E)
Inse
ct D
amag
e
Con
sequ
ence
of t
he tu
nnel
ling/
borin
g by
larv
ae/m
atur
e in
sect
s th
roug
h th
e w
ood
re-
sulti
ng in
loss
of s
ectio
n
Hol
es a
re p
rese
nt
(<5%
loss
) H
oles
and
inse
cts
pres
ent
(5%
- 10
% lo
ss)
Exte
nsiv
e/se
vere
hol
es a
nd
inse
cts
(>10
% lo
ss)
Abr
asio
n an
d W
ear D
eter
iora
tion
of w
ood
brou
ght a
bout
by
vehi
cles
or s
now
plou
gh b
lade
s sc
rapi
ng
agai
nst w
ood
surfa
ces,
cou
pled
with
the
abra
sive
influ
ence
of s
and,
dirt
or d
ebris
. <
5% lo
ss
5% -
10%
loss
>
10%
loss
Cra
ckin
g, S
plin
ter-
ing,
Cru
shin
g an
d Sh
atte
ring
Phy
sica
l dam
age
whi
ch re
sults
from
veh
icul
ar c
ollis
ion
from
ove
rload
ing
of a
mem
ber
< 5%
loss
5%
- 10
% lo
ss
> 10
% lo
ss
71
Tabl
e 4.
16:
Stee
l or A
lum
inum
– S
ubst
ruct
ures
and
Sup
erst
ruct
ures
Ex
celle
nt C
ondi
tion
Goo
d C
ondi
tion
Fair
Con
ditio
n Po
or C
ondi
tion
No
obse
rved
mat
eria
l de
fect
s Li
ght c
orro
sion
– n
o se
c-tio
n lo
ss
Med
ium
cor
rosi
on -
up
to 1
0% s
ectio
n lo
ss
Sev
ere
and
very
sev
ere
corr
osio
n –
mor
e th
an
10%
sec
tion
loss
All
crac
ks (i
mm
edia
te
actio
n is
requ
ired
-es
timat
e re
pair
area
)
Perm
anen
t def
orm
atio
ns
Li
ght c
onne
ctio
n de
fi-ci
enci
es
Med
ium
con
nect
ion
defi-
cien
cies
Se
vere
con
nect
ion
defi-
cien
cies
Eva
luat
ion
and
cond
ition
su
rvey
* if
>
10%
in th
is s
tate
.
* In
volv
es m
easu
ring
thic
knes
s of
crit
ical
mem
bers
to d
eter
min
e se
ctio
n lo
ss a
s it
varie
s ac
ross
the
ele-
men
t
CONDITI
ON
70
Tabl
e 4.
15:
Stee
l – A
tmos
pher
ic C
orro
sion
Res
ista
nt S
ub-
stru
ctur
es a
nd S
uper
stru
ctur
es
Exce
llent
Con
ditio
n G
ood
Con
ditio
n Fa
ir C
ondi
tion
Poor
Con
ditio
n
No
obse
rved
mat
eria
l de
fect
s w
ith s
moo
th
unifo
rm ru
st la
yer
(pat
ina)
Ear
ly s
igns
of p
atin
a fla
king
and
no
sect
ion
loss
Flak
ing
and
dela
min
a-tio
n of
Pat
ina
up to
10%
se
ctio
n lo
ss
Mor
e th
an 1
0% s
ectio
n lo
ss
A
ll cr
acks
P
erm
anen
t def
orm
a-tio
ns
Li
ght c
onne
ctio
n de
fi-ci
enci
es
Med
ium
con
nect
ion
defi-
cien
cies
S
ever
e co
nnec
tion
defi-
cien
cies
Eva
luat
ion
and
cond
ition
su
rvey
* if
>
10%
in th
is s
tate
.
CONDITI
ON
31
DEFECTS
3.
WO
OD
D
EFEC
T C
ON
DIT
ION
STA
TE
G
OO
D (L
IGH
T)
FAIR
(MED
IUM
) PO
OR
(SEV
ERE
/ VER
Y SE
VER
E)
Fire
and
Che
mi-
cal D
amag
e
Fire
is e
vide
nced
by
char
ring
and
is u
sual
ly c
onfin
ed to
the
woo
d su
rface
. C
hem
ical
dam
-ag
e m
ay re
sult
from
the
use
of n
on p
rese
rvat
ive
chem
ical
s on
the
woo
d su
rface
ove
r a
long
per
iod
of ti
me
Sl
ight
cha
rrin
g or
so
fteni
ng w
ith <
5%
se
ctio
n lo
ss
Dee
per c
harr
ing
or s
ofte
ning
w
ith s
light
loos
e co
nnec
tors
w
ith 5
% -
10%
sec
tion
loss
Exte
nsiv
e da
mag
e w
ith lo
ose
and
seve
rely
def
orm
ed c
onne
c-to
rs >
10%
sec
tion
loss
C
onne
ctio
n
Def
icie
ncie
s
< 5%
loos
e bo
lts o
r s
ever
e ru
st
< 10
% lo
ose
bolts
or s
ever
e ru
st
> 10
% lo
ose
bolts
or s
ever
e ru
st
Con
nect
ions
are
loos
ened
due
to re
petit
ive
or d
ynam
ic lo
ads,
wea
r or d
ecay
of m
embe
rs
conn
ecte
d an
d co
rros
ion
of th
e co
nnec
tors
32
4.
MA
SON
RY
(Par
t 1 S
ect.
2.5,
Par
t 2 T
able
4.1
1)
DEF
ECT
CO
ND
ITIO
N S
TATE
GO
OD
(LIG
HT)
FA
IR (M
EDIU
M)
POO
R
(SEV
ERE
/ VER
Y SE
VER
E)
Cra
ckin
g
Inco
mpl
ete
sepa
ratio
n in
to o
ne o
r mor
e pa
rts w
ith o
r with
out s
pace
bet
wee
n
< 0
.3 m
m w
ide
0.3
to 1
.0 m
m w
ide
> 1.
0 m
m w
ide
Split
ting
Th
e op
enin
g of
sea
ms
or c
rack
s in
the
ston
e le
adin
g to
the
brea
king
of t
he s
tone
into
la
rge
fragm
ents
Sp
allin
g Th
e br
eaki
ng o
r chi
ppin
g aw
ay o
f pie
ces
of th
e st
one
from
a la
rger
sto
ne
Dis
inte
grat
ion
Gra
dual
bre
akdo
wn
of th
e st
one
into
sm
all f
ragm
ents
, pie
ces
or p
artic
les
Split
ting,
Spa
lling
D
isin
tegr
atio
n H
airli
ne c
rack
ing
and
min
or lo
ss o
f sto
ne
surf
ace
with
sec
tion
loss
< 5
0 m
m
Nar
row
cra
ckin
g or
chi
ppin
g aw
ay
of s
tone
with
sec
tion
loss
50
to
100
mm
Exte
nsiv
e sp
allin
g an
d di
sint
egra
tion
of s
tone
w
ith s
ectio
n lo
ss >
100
m
m D
EFECTS
69
Tabl
e 4.
14:
Soil-
Stee
l Str
uctu
res
Exce
llent
Con
ditio
n G
ood
Con
ditio
n
Fair
Con
ditio
n
Poor
Con
ditio
n*
No
obse
rved
mat
eria
l de-
fect
s
Med
ium
Cus
ping
or C
rimpi
ng o
f co
rruga
tions
(les
s th
an 1
0 m
m in
he
ight
)
Seve
re C
uspi
ng o
r Crim
ping
of
cor
ruga
tions
(gre
ater
than
10
mm
in h
eigh
t)
Med
ium
Glo
bal D
efor
mat
ion
(less
th
an 1
0% o
f cul
vert
diam
eter
) S
ever
e G
loba
l Def
orm
atio
n (g
reat
er th
an 1
0% o
f cul
vert
diam
eter
or w
ith re
vers
e cu
r-va
ture
)
B
olt t
iltin
g
Cra
cks
Li
ght C
orro
sion
(s
urfa
ce ru
st).
M
ediu
m C
orro
sion
(Sha
llow
pit-
ting
and
corr
osio
n sc
ale
over
sur
-fa
ce –
less
than
10%
sec
tion
loss
) Sev
ere
Cor
rosi
on (D
eep
pit-
ting
and
corro
sion
sca
le o
ver
surfa
ce –
gre
ater
than
10%
se
ctio
n lo
ss)
* -
U
nit
of m
easu
re f
or s
oil-s
teel
stru
ctur
es is
m2 .
The
are
a of
def
ect
shou
ld b
e re
cord
ed f
or S
ever
e C
orro
sion
(ex
clud
ing
corr
osio
n w
ith p
erfo
ratio
ns),
as w
ell a
s fo
r the
Exc
elle
nt, G
ood
and
Fair
Con
ditio
n S
tate
s. F
or a
ll ot
her p
ortio
ns in
the
Poo
r C
ondi
tion
Stat
e (c
uspi
ng,
crim
ping
, de
form
atio
ns,
crac
ks a
nd c
orro
sion
with
per
fora
tions
) th
e ar
ea s
hall
be t
aken
to
in-
clud
e th
e en
tire
circ
umfe
renc
e.
This
is d
ue to
the
impo
rtanc
e of
soi
l-ste
el in
tera
ctio
n an
d co
ntin
uity
of t
he r
adia
l cor
ruga
-tio
ns o
f ste
el w
here
suc
h a
defe
ct a
t one
poi
nt o
n th
e cu
lver
t will
affe
ct th
e en
tire
circ
umfe
renc
e.
CONDITI
ON
68
Tabl
e 4.
13:
Slop
e Pr
otec
tion
Exce
llent
Con
ditio
n G
ood
Con
ditio
n
Fair
Con
ditio
n
Poor
Con
ditio
n
No
obse
rved
mat
eria
l de
fect
s Lo
ss o
r det
erio
ratio
n of
le
ss th
an 2
0% o
f slo
pe
prot
ectio
n m
ater
ial
Loss
or d
eter
iora
tion
of
20%
to 6
0% o
f slo
pe
prot
ectio
n m
ater
ial
Loss
or d
eter
iora
tion
of
mor
e th
an 6
0% o
f slo
pe
prot
ectio
n m
ater
ial
CONDITI
ON
33
DEFECTS
4.
MA
SON
RY
(Par
t 1 S
ect.
2.5,
Par
t 2 T
able
4.1
1)
DEF
ECT
CO
ND
ITIO
N S
TATE
GO
OD
(LIG
HT)
FA
IR (M
EDIU
M)
POO
R
(SEV
ERE
/ VER
Y SE
VER
E)
Loss
of M
orta
r or
Ston
e R
esul
t of t
he d
estru
ctiv
e ac
tions
of f
rost
, ero
sion
, pla
nt g
row
th o
r sof
teni
ng b
y w
ater
con
-ta
inin
g di
ssol
ved
sulp
hate
s or
chl
orid
es.
Mor
tar l
ost f
rom
join
ts
in a
few
pla
ces
to a
de
pth
of 2
0 m
m
Mor
tar l
ost f
rom
join
ts o
ver a
n ex
-te
nded
are
a to
a d
epth
of 2
0 to
50
mm
Exte
nsiv
e m
orta
r/sto
ne
loss
end
ange
ring
the
stab
ility
of t
he s
truc
-tu
re
34
ASPHALT (Part 1, Sect. 2.7)
• Distinction made between rating the as-phalt wearing surface and the deck top be-neath the asphalt
• Asphalt defects are put into two major cate-
gories: • Top-Down Defects (defect originates in
asphalt and includes:) • Bond Defects (loss of bond and
rippling) • Surface Defects (ravelling, slippery
surface and flushing) • Surface Distortions (wheel track
rutting) • Isolated Cracks (Light and medium
isolated cracks)
• Bottom-Up Defects (defect probably originated in concrete deck and reflected in asphalt surface) • Pattern cracking (map, alligator,
radial, edge cracking) • Wide isolated cracks (transverse,
longitudinal) • Local Underlying Defects (local
potholes and protrusions)
DEFECTS
67
Exce
llent
G
ood
Fair
Po
or
No
obse
rved
def
ects
N
ot a
sta
ndar
d si
gn
Not
loca
ted
acco
rdin
g to
st
anda
rds
Illeg
ible
G
ives
mis
lead
ing,
wro
ng o
r in
accu
rate
info
rmat
ion
Loos
e C
ompo
nent
s B
roke
n or
mis
sing
com
pone
nts
S
ign
is m
issi
ng
Li
ght m
ater
ial d
efec
ts M
ediu
m m
ater
ial d
efec
ts.
Loos
e, d
amag
ed o
r ben
t co
mpo
nent
s on
atta
chm
ents
Sev
ere
and
very
sev
ere
mat
e-ria
l def
ects
. B
roke
n or
mis
sing
co
mpo
nent
s on
atta
chm
ents
Tabl
e 4.
12:
Acce
ssor
ies
CONDITI
ON
66
Tabl
e 4.
11:
Mas
onry
Con
stru
ctio
n Ex
celle
nt C
ondi
tion
Goo
d C
ondi
tion
Fair
Con
ditio
n Po
or C
ondi
tion
No
obse
rved
mat
eria
l de
fect
s H
airli
ne a
nd n
arro
w
crac
ks
Med
ium
cra
cks
W
ide
crac
ks
Leac
hing
of l
ime
base
d m
orta
r
Li
ght s
plitt
ing,
spa
lling
an
d di
sint
egra
tion
Med
ium
spl
ittin
g,
spal
ling
and
disi
nteg
ra-
tion
Sev
ere
and
very
sev
ere
split
ting,
spa
lling
and
disi
nteg
ratio
n
Ligh
t los
s of
poi
ntin
g m
orta
r M
ediu
m lo
ss o
f po
intin
g m
orta
r S
ever
e an
d ve
ry s
ever
e lo
ss o
f poi
ntin
g m
orta
r an
d st
ones
CONDITI
ON
35
ASPHALT - CRACKING
• Linear Fracture extending partially or com-pletely through the pavement caused by:
• Wheel loading, • Poor material, • Poor compaction, • Frost action, • Drainage, or • Reflective crack (from crack below)
• Distinguished by crack appearance and direc-
tion Longitudinal
Parallel to the direction of travel, and generally located at or near the centre of the wheel track or pavement edge
Transverse Across pavement either fully or partially
Pattern Cracking
Series of cracks in close proximity to each other
Alligator Network of multi-sided polygons, usually accompanied by depressions in the surface
Map Cracks run randomly along pavement
Progressive edge Cracks begin parallel to edge of pavement and lead to breaking up of the edge of pavement
Radial Cracks in a radial pattern, usually about a depression.
DEFECTS
36
DEFECTS
DEF
ECT
5.
ASP
HA
LT W
EAR
ING
SU
RFA
CE
(Par
t 1 S
ect.
2.7,
Par
t 2 T
able
4.1
)
GO
OD
(LIG
HT)
FA
IR (M
EDIU
M)
POO
R
(SEV
ERE
/ VER
Y SE
VER
E)
Pat
tern
(e.g
. M
ap, a
lliga
tor,
radi
al, e
dge
)an
d
isol
ated
Line
ar fr
actu
re e
xten
ding
par
tially
or c
ompl
etel
y th
roug
h th
e pa
vem
ent
1—5
mm
wid
e
Bon
d
Def
ects
Lo
ss o
f bon
d W
ides
prea
d lo
ss o
f bon
d an
d de
lam
inat
ion
may
occ
ur b
etw
een
the
asph
alt p
avem
ent
and
deck
sur
face
, bet
wee
n th
e w
ater
proo
fing
and
the
deck
sur
face
, bet
wee
n th
e w
a-te
rpro
ofin
g an
d th
e as
phal
t pav
emen
t or b
etw
een
indi
vidu
al li
fts o
f pav
emen
t <
150
mm
in d
iam
eter
15
0 to
300
mm
in d
i-am
eter
>
300
mm
in d
iam
eter
Rip
plin
g
The
form
atio
n of
tran
sver
se u
ndul
atio
ns in
the
pave
men
t sur
face
con
sist
ing
of c
lose
ly
spac
ed v
alle
ys a
nd c
rest
s A
few
not
icea
ble
bum
ps S
ever
al b
umps
pro
duc-
ing
a ro
ugh
ride
Num
erou
s bu
mps
pro
duci
ng
a ve
ry ro
ugh
ride
and
diffi
-cu
lty m
aint
aini
ng c
ontr
ol o
f ve
hicl
e
Cra
cks
6—10
mm
wid
e >
10 m
m w
ide
65
Tabl
e 4.
10:
Expa
nsio
n Jo
int –
Sea
ls/S
eala
nts
Exce
llent
Con
ditio
n G
ood
Con
ditio
n
Fair
Con
ditio
n
Poor
Con
ditio
n
No
obse
rved
mat
eria
l de
fect
s A
bras
ions
in s
eal w
ith n
o pe
rfora
tions
Lo
ss o
f res
ilienc
y of
sea
l bu
t no
perfo
ratio
ns
Cra
cks,
tear
s or
hol
es in
th
e se
al
S
eal h
as d
ebon
ded
S
eal i
s al
low
ing
leak
age
on th
e su
bstru
ctur
e.
Sea
lant
deb
onde
d,
pulle
d ou
t or s
ettle
d
CONDITI
ON
64
Tabl
e 4.
9: E
xpan
sion
Joi
nt –
Arm
ourin
g an
d R
etai
ning
Dev
ices
Exce
llent
Con
ditio
n G
ood
Con
ditio
n
Fair
Con
ditio
n
Poor
Con
ditio
n
No
obse
rved
mat
eria
l de
fect
s
Ligh
t Cor
rosi
on*
Med
ium
Cor
rosi
on*
Sev
ere
Cor
rosi
on*
Bol
ts, a
ncho
rs, a
rmou
r-in
g, c
lam
ping
dev
ices
or
wel
ds a
re lo
ose,
bro
ken
or m
issi
ng
* As
defin
ed in
Tab
le 4
.16.
CONDITI
ON
37
DEFECTS
DEF
ECT
5.
ASP
HA
LT W
EAR
ING
SU
RFA
CE
(Par
t 1 S
ect.
2.7,
Par
t 2 T
able
4.1
)
G
OO
D (L
IGH
T)
FAIR
(MED
IUM
) PO
OR
(
SEVE
RE
/ VE
RY
SEVE
RE)
Su
rfac
e
Def
ects
P
rogr
essi
ve d
eter
iora
tion
and
loss
of t
he p
avem
ent m
ater
ial f
rom
sur
face
dow
nwar
d
Not
icea
ble
loss
of
pave
men
t mat
eria
l Sh
allo
w d
isin
tegr
atio
n of
pav
emen
t with
an
open
text
ure
appe
ar-
ance
Shal
low
to d
eep
disi
nteg
ratio
n of
pav
emen
t with
sm
all/
num
erou
s po
thol
es, o
pen
tex-
ture
and
loos
e su
rfac
e m
ater
ial
Slip
pery
Su
rfac
e
May
resu
lt fro
m fl
ushi
ng o
r fro
m th
e po
lishi
ng o
f the
coa
rse
surfa
ce a
ggre
gate
s by
the
actio
n of
repe
titiv
e ve
hicu
lar t
raffi
c Th
ere
are
no s
ever
ity d
escr
iptio
ns g
iven
for s
lippe
ry s
urfa
ces
as th
is is
a s
eri-
ous
and
pote
ntia
lly h
azar
dous
situ
atio
n re
sulti
ng in
loss
of r
idin
g co
mfo
rt a
nd
loss
of v
ehic
le c
ontr
ol (i
ndic
ate
susp
ecte
d pe
rfor
m d
efic
ienc
y of
slip
pery
sur
-fa
ce)
Flus
hing
Th
e m
igra
tion
of a
spha
lt up
war
ds to
the
pave
men
t sur
face
in p
avem
ents
with
too
muc
h as
phal
t in
the
mix
. Vi
sibl
e co
lour
ing
of
the
pave
men
t sur
face
oc
curr
ing
in lo
caliz
ed
area
s
Dis
tinct
ive
colo
urin
g of
th
e pa
vem
ent s
urfa
ce
with
exc
ess
asph
alt
free
on
the
pave
men
t su
rfac
e
Exce
ssiv
e fr
ee a
spha
lt gi
ves
the
pave
men
t sur
face
a “
wet
lo
ok”.
Vis
ible
impr
ints
left
from
fo
otpr
ints
or v
ehic
ular
traf
fic
Rav
ellin
g
38
DEFECTS
DEF
ECT
5.
ASP
HA
LT W
EAR
ING
SU
RFA
CE
(Par
t 1 S
ect.
2.7,
Par
t 2 T
able
4.1
) G
OO
D (L
IGH
T)
FAIR
(MED
IUM
) PO
OR
(SEV
ERE
/ VER
Y SE
VER
E)
Surf
ace
Dis
tort
ion
W
heel
trac
k ru
tting
Th
e fo
rmat
ion
of lo
ngitu
dina
l dep
ress
ions
in th
e pa
vem
ent a
t the
loca
tions
of
the
whe
el tr
acks
of v
ehic
les
Rut
ting
< 10
mm
dee
p R
uttin
g 10
to 2
0 m
m
deep
R
uttin
g >
20 m
m d
eep
Loca
l Un-
derly
ing
Def
ects
Poth
oles
B
owl-s
hape
d ho
les
in th
e pa
vem
ent c
ause
d by
the
pene
tratio
n of
wat
er th
roug
h th
e pa
vem
ent a
nd s
ubse
quen
t hea
ving
of t
he p
avem
ent d
ue to
free
zing
of t
he
entra
pped
wat
er a
nd b
reak
ing
up o
f the
pav
emen
t due
to tr
affic
act
ion
<
10 m
m d
eep
10 to
20
mm
dee
p >
20 m
m d
eep
Prot
rusi
ons
(Del
amin
atio
ns)
Loca
l del
amin
atio
n is
vis
ible
as
prot
rusi
ons
or b
umps
(ofte
n ci
rcul
ar in
sha
pe)
< 10
mm
in h
eigh
t 10
to 2
0 m
m in
hei
ght
> 20
mm
in h
eigh
t
63
Exc
elle
nt C
ondi
tion
Goo
d C
ondi
tion
Fa
ir C
ondi
tion
Po
or C
ondi
tion
No
obse
rved
mat
eria
l de-
fect
s
Up
to 1
0% lo
ss o
f mat
eria
l fo
r em
bank
men
ts n
ot d
i-re
ctly
supp
ortin
g fo
unda
-tio
ns; o
r, up
to 5
% l
oss f
or
emba
nkm
ents
dire
ctly
sup-
porti
ng fo
unda
tions
10%
- 30
% lo
ss o
f mat
eria
l fo
r em
bank
men
ts n
ot d
i-re
ctly
supp
ortin
g fo
unda
-tio
ns; o
r 5%
to 1
5% lo
ss
for e
mba
nkm
ents
dire
ctly
su
ppor
ting
foun
datio
ns; o
r, lo
ss o
f mat
eria
l to
the
top
of fo
unda
tions
Mor
e th
an 3
0% lo
ss o
f mat
e-ria
l for
em
bank
men
ts n
ot
dire
ctly
supp
ortin
g fo
unda
-tio
ns; o
r, m
ore
than
15%
lo
ss fo
r em
bank
men
ts d
i-re
ctly
supp
ortin
g fo
unda
-tio
ns; o
r, lo
ss o
f mat
eria
l to
the
botto
m o
f fou
ndat
ions
Tabl
e 4.
8: E
mba
nkm
ents
CONDITI
ON
62
Tabl
e 4.
7: D
rain
age
Syst
em
Exce
llent
Con
ditio
n G
ood
Con
ditio
n
Fair
Con
ditio
n
Poor
Con
ditio
n
No
obse
rved
mat
eria
l de
fect
s U
p to
20%
of i
ndiv
idua
l dr
aina
ge s
yste
m h
as
loos
e or
det
erio
rate
d co
m-
pone
nts,
con
nect
ions
or
fast
ener
s
20%
to 6
0% o
f ind
ivid
-ua
l dra
inag
e sy
stem
has
lo
ose
or d
eter
iora
ted
com
pone
nts,
con
nec-
tions
or f
aste
ners
Mor
e th
an 6
0% o
f ind
ivid
-ua
l dra
inag
e sy
stem
has
lo
ose
or d
eter
iora
ted
com
-po
nent
s, c
onne
ctio
ns o
r fa
sten
ers
B
roke
n pi
pe c
ompo
nent
s re
sulti
ng in
wat
er d
rain
ing
onto
sub
stru
ctur
e
CONDITI
ON
39
DEF
ECT
5.
ASP
HA
LT C
OVE
RED
CO
NC
RET
E D
ECK
(Par
t 1 S
ect.
2.7,
Par
t 2 T
able
4.6
)
GO
OD
(LIG
HT)
FA
IR (M
EDIU
M)
POO
R
(S
EVER
E / V
ERY
SEVE
RE)
B
O T T O
M - U
P D E F E C T S
Wid
e Is
olat
ed
Cra
cks
Tran
sver
se,
long
itudi
nal
crac
ks
Long
itudi
nal –
par
alle
l to
the
dire
ctio
n of
trav
el,
and
gene
rally
loca
ted
at o
r ne
ar th
e ce
ntre
of t
he w
heel
trac
k ,
pave
men
t edg
e or
cen
tre-li
ne o
f brid
ge
Tran
sver
se –
acr
oss
pave
men
t eith
er fu
lly o
r par
tially
> 1
0 m
m w
ide
sing
le
crac
ks
Loca
l U
nder
ly-
ing
De-
fect
s
Poth
oles
B
owl-s
hape
d ho
les
in th
e pa
vem
ent c
ause
d by
the
pene
tratio
n of
wat
er th
roug
h th
e pa
vem
ent a
nd s
ubse
quen
t hea
ving
of t
he p
avem
ent d
ue to
free
zing
of t
he
entra
pped
wat
er a
nd b
reak
ing
up o
f the
pav
emen
t due
to tr
affic
act
ion
A
LL
Prot
rusi
ons
(Del
amin
atio
ns) Lo
cal d
elam
inat
ion
is v
isib
le a
s pr
otru
sion
s or
bum
ps (o
ften
circ
ular
in s
hape
)
A
LL
Patte
rn
Cra
cks
Map
, edg
e,
allig
ator
, ra
dial
A
LL
Inco
mpl
ete
sepa
ratio
n in
to o
ne o
r mor
e pa
rts w
ith o
r with
out s
pace
bet
wee
n
DEFECTS
40
6.
ASP
HA
LT C
OVE
RED
CO
NC
RET
E D
ECK
S
GO
OD
(LIG
HT)
FA
IR (M
EDIU
M)
POO
R
(S
EVER
E / V
ERY
SEVE
RE)
T O
P - D
O
W
N D
E F E C T S
Bon
d
Def
ects
Lo
ss o
f bo
nd
Wid
espr
ead
loss
of b
ond
and
dela
min
atio
n m
ay o
ccur
bet
wee
n th
e as
phal
t pa
vem
ent a
nd d
eck
surfa
ce, b
etw
een
the
wat
erpr
oofin
g an
d th
e de
ck s
urfa
ce,
betw
een
the
wat
erpr
oofin
g an
d th
e as
phal
t pav
emen
t or b
etw
een
indi
vidu
al li
fts
of p
avem
ent
ALL
Rip
plin
g T
he fo
rmat
ion
of tr
ansv
erse
und
ulat
ions
in th
e pa
vem
ent s
urfa
ce c
onsi
stin
g of
cl
osel
y sp
aced
val
leys
and
cre
sts
ALL
Surf
ace
Def
ects
Rav
ellin
g P
rogr
essi
ve d
eter
iora
tion
and
loss
of t
he p
avem
ent m
ater
ial f
rom
the
surfa
ce
dow
nwar
d ALL
Slip
pery
Su
rfac
e M
ay re
sult
from
flus
hing
or f
rom
the
polis
hing
of t
he c
oars
e su
rface
agg
rega
tes
by th
e ac
tion
of re
petit
ive
vehi
cula
r tra
ffic
A
LL
DEF
ECT
DEFECTS
61
Exc
elle
nt C
ondi
tion
Goo
d C
ondi
tion
Fair
Con
ditio
n Po
or C
ondi
tion
Al
l Bon
d D
efec
ts (e
.g. r
ippl
ing,
loss
of
bon
d) in
asp
halt.
A
ll S
urfa
ce D
efec
ts (e
.g. r
avel
ling,
flu
shin
g, s
lippe
ry s
urfa
ce) i
n as
phal
t.
Al
l Sur
face
Dis
torti
ons
(whe
el tr
ack
rutti
ng) i
n as
phal
t.
C
ondi
tion
surv
ey if
the
area
of d
ete-
riora
tion
in th
is s
tate
>10
% if
not
al
read
y do
ne.
Bas
ed o
n Vi
sual
Insp
ectio
n of
Asp
halt
Not
es:
(1)
For a
ll ca
lcul
atio
ns, t
he a
ctua
l are
a sh
all b
e de
term
ined
for a
reas
con
tain
ing
num
erou
s cr
acks
(i.e
. alli
ga-
tor c
rack
s, ra
dial
cra
cks)
. Fo
r iso
late
d cr
acks
, 4 m
of c
rack
leng
th is
to e
qual
to 1
squ
are
met
re o
f def
ect
repa
ir ar
ea.
(2)
If a
brid
ge h
as b
een
rece
ntly
repa
ved
with
out r
ehab
ilita
ting
the
deck
, the
insp
ecto
r mus
t est
imat
e th
e co
n-di
tion
of th
e co
ncre
te d
eck
usin
g ot
her m
eans
. Thi
s w
ould
incl
ude
usin
g pr
evio
us in
spec
tion
info
rmat
ion,
th
e ag
e of
the
wat
erpr
oofin
g, d
eck
cond
ition
sur
vey
data
, etc
.
CONDITI
ON
Tabl
e 4.
6: C
oncr
ete
– To
p of
Dec
k B
enea
th A
spha
lt W
earin
g Su
rfac
e
60
Exce
llent
Con
ditio
n G
ood
Con
ditio
n Fa
ir C
ondi
tion
Poor
Con
ditio
n
No
Asp
halt
Def
ects
. To
p-D
own
Asph
alt D
e-fe
cts
Bot
tom
-Up
Asph
alt D
efec
ts
Loca
l pro
trusi
ons
in a
spha
lt. A
ll Po
thol
es in
asp
halt.
Li
ght a
nd m
ediu
m
isol
ated
cra
cks
in
asph
alt.
Wid
e is
olat
ed c
rack
s in
as-
phal
t.
(Cra
cks
incl
ude:
long
itudi
nal
crac
ks, a
bove
loca
tion
of
void
s, e
dge
of b
eam
flan
ges,
jo
int b
etw
een
prec
ast u
nits
, co
nstru
ctio
n jo
ints
, etc
., or
tra
nsve
rse
crac
ks)
All
Patte
rn c
rack
ing
in
asph
alt
(e.g
. map
, alli
gato
r, ra
dial
, ed
ge c
rack
ing)
.
Bas
ed o
n Vi
sual
Insp
ectio
n of
Asp
halt
Tabl
e 4.
6: C
oncr
ete
– To
p of
Dec
k B
enea
th A
spha
lt W
earin
g Su
rfac
e
CONDITI
ON
41
DEF
ECT
6.
ASP
HA
LT C
OVE
RED
CO
NC
RET
E D
ECK
S G
OO
D (L
IGH
T)
FAIR
(MED
IUM
) PO
OR
(S
EVER
E / V
ERY
SEVE
RE)
T O
P - D
O
W
N
D
E F E C T S
Surf
ace
De-
fect
s
Flus
hing
Th
e m
igra
tion
of a
spha
lt up
war
ds to
the
pave
men
t sur
face
in p
ave-
men
ts w
ith to
o m
uch
asph
alt i
n th
e m
ix.
ALL
Surf
ace
Dis
-to
rtio
n W
heel
trac
k ru
tting
Th
e fo
rmat
ion
of lo
ngitu
dina
l dep
ress
ions
in th
e pa
vem
ent a
t the
loca
-tio
ns o
f the
whe
el tr
acks
of v
ehic
les
ALL
Ligh
t and
M
ediu
m
Isol
ated
C
rack
s
Isol
ated
cr
acks
and
Tr
ansv
erse
, lo
ngitu
dina
l cr
acks
Line
ar fr
actu
re e
xten
ding
par
tially
or c
ompl
etel
y th
roug
h th
e pa
vem
ent
< 10
mm
DEFECTS
42
COATING
• Used to protect the underlying steel • Not as much an immediate concern, but a
durability concern • Three main categories of defects:
1. Coating related defect—related to the composition of the coating
2. Adhesion related defect—related to
the bond between the steel and coat-ing
3. Application related defect—poor ap-
pearance due to improper application
DEFECTS
59
Sta
ble
rela
tive
disp
lace
men
t be
twee
n pr
ecas
t uni
ts.
Leak
ing
betw
een
prec
ast
units
.
Act
ive
rela
tive
disp
lace
-m
ent b
etw
een
prec
ast
units
A
ll de
lam
inat
ed a
nd
spal
led
area
s
Act
ive
wet
are
as o
n so
ffit
with
out c
rack
s Ac
tive
wet
are
as o
r le
acha
te d
epos
its o
n so
ffit
with
ass
ocia
ted
crac
ks
Not
es: (1) F
or a
ll ca
lcul
atio
ns, t
he a
ctua
l are
a sh
all b
e de
term
ined
for a
reas
con
tain
ing
nu-
mer
ous
crac
ks (i
.e. p
atte
rn c
rack
s, m
ap c
rack
s).
For i
sola
ted
crac
ks, 4
m o
f cr
ack
leng
th is
to e
qual
to 1
squ
are
met
re o
f def
ect r
epai
r are
a.
(2) I
f she
ar c
rack
s ar
e fo
und
at g
irder
end
s, a
n ev
alua
tion
shou
ld b
e do
ne.
If cr
acks
ar
e w
ide,
the
insp
ecto
r sho
uld
mar
k “U
RG
EN
T” fo
r the
tim
efra
me
of th
e ev
alua
-tio
n. A
s w
ith o
ther
pot
entia
lly u
nsaf
e co
nditi
ons,
the
brid
ge o
wne
r sho
uld
e no
-tif
ied
if th
ese
crac
ks a
re n
otic
ed.
Con
ditio
n S
urve
y if
area
of
dete
riora
tion
in th
is s
tate
>1
0% fo
r sub
stru
ctur
es
Dec
k C
ondi
tion
Sur
vey
if ar
ea o
f det
erio
ratio
n in
this
st
ate
>10%
for s
uper
stru
c-tu
res
Tab
le 4
.5:
Con
cret
e –
Subs
truc
ture
s an
d Su
pers
truc
ture
s
CONDITI
ON
58
Exc
elle
nt C
ondi
tion
Goo
d C
ondi
tion
Fa
ir C
ondi
tion
P
oor C
ondi
tion
No
obse
rved
mat
eria
l de
fect
s Li
ght s
calin
g M
ediu
m s
calin
g S
ever
e to
ver
y se
vere
sca
l-in
g, e
rosi
on a
nd d
isin
tegr
a-tio
n
Rus
t sta
ins
on c
on-
cret
e du
e to
cor
rodi
ng
reba
r cha
irs
Rus
t sta
ins
on c
oncr
ete
due
to
corr
odin
g re
info
rcin
g st
eel
Med
ium
to v
ery
seve
re c
or-
rosi
on o
f rei
nfor
cing
ste
el
S
urfa
ce c
arbo
natio
n (R
eact
ion
with
CO
2 ,
asso
ciat
ed d
isco
lour
-at
ion,
shr
inka
ge a
nd
crac
ks)
Sur
face
def
ects
suc
h as
stra
ti-fic
atio
n, s
egre
gatio
n, c
old
join
ts, a
bras
ion,
wea
r, sl
ippe
ry
surfa
ces,
wet
are
as a
nd s
ur-
face
dep
osits
(exc
ept o
n so
ffits
).
Li
ght h
oney
com
bing
an
d po
p-ou
ts
Med
ium
hon
eyco
mbi
ng a
nd
pop-
outs
S
ever
e to
ver
y se
vere
hon
-ey
com
bing
and
pop
-out
s
Hai
rline
and
Nar
row
cr
acks
M
ediu
m c
rack
s A
ll w
ide
crac
ks
Li
ght a
lkal
i-agg
rega
te
reac
tion
Med
ium
alk
ali-a
ggre
gate
reac
-tio
n S
ever
e an
d ve
ry s
ever
e al
-ka
li-ag
greg
ate
reac
tion
Tabl
e 4.
5: C
oncr
ete
– Su
bstr
uctu
res
and
Supe
rstr
uctu
res
CONDITI
ON
43
DEFECTS
44
D
EFEC
T
7.
CO
ATI
NG
(PA
RT
1, S
ectio
n 2.
8 &
Par
t 2 T
able
4.4
)
G
OO
D (L
IGH
T)
FAIR
(MED
IUM
) PO
OR
(SEV
ERE
/ VER
Y SE
VER
E)
Rut
s c
ondi
tion
ratin
g is
a v
isua
l rat
ing
of th
e su
rface
app
eara
nce
and
is b
ased
on
ASTM
D61
0 sk
etch
es a
nd is
als
o sh
own
in A
ppen
dix
C a
nd O
SIM
Par
t 2, F
igur
e 4.
1 R
ust C
ondi
tion
Rat
ing
2 R
ust C
ondi
tion
Rat
ing
3
Rus
t Con
ditio
n R
atin
g 4
or m
ore
Coa
ting
Rel
ated
Def
ects
Che
ckin
g or
C
razi
ng
Fine
sys
tem
of m
inut
e cr
acks
in a
che
cker
boar
d pa
ttern
. C
ause
d by
wea
ther
ing
and
expo
sure
dur
ing
curin
g
A
LL
C
rack
ing
Li
near
pat
tern
of c
rack
pen
etra
ted
thro
ugh
coat
ing.
Res
ults
from
wea
ther
ing,
con
tinui
ng
poly
mer
izat
ion
or s
hrin
kage
ALL
Alli
gato
ring
La
rge
irreg
ular
che
cks
acro
ss s
urfa
ce.
Cau
sed
by n
on c
ompa
tible
laye
rs o
f coa
ting
and
hard
enin
g/sh
rinka
ge p
roce
ss
A
LL
C
hem
ical
At-
tack
C
oatin
g re
actin
g ad
vers
ely
with
air
born
e ch
emic
als
or a
ccid
enta
l spi
lls
A
LL
C
halk
ing
Po
wde
ry a
ppea
ranc
e of
coa
ting
surfa
ce.
Cau
sed
by re
actio
n of
coa
ting
resi
ns to
sun
light
an
d pr
oces
s of
wea
ther
ing.
ALL
Rus
t Con
ditio
n R
atin
g
57
CONDITI
ON
Figure 4.4b: Rust Condition Rating Categories for Coatings
56
Exce
llent
Con
ditio
n G
ood
Con
ditio
n Fa
ir C
ondi
tion
Poor
Con
ditio
n
No
Obs
erve
d M
ater
ial
Def
ects
C
halk
ing
Che
ckin
g, c
rack
ing,
alli
-ga
torin
g
Inte
rcoa
t del
amin
atio
n,
peel
ing
(top
coat
onl
y)
Und
ercu
tting
, blis
ters
, pe
elin
g (p
rime
coat
), un
-de
rfilm
cor
rosi
on
Sig
ns o
f che
mic
al a
ttack
Ove
rspr
ay, r
uns,
sag
s,
pinh
olin
g B
ridgi
ng, e
dge
defe
cts,
sh
adow
s
RU
ST
CO
ND
ITIO
N**
R
ATI
NG
C
ATE
GO
RY
1
RU
ST C
ON
DIT
ION
**
RA
TIN
G
CA
TEG
OR
Y 2
RU
ST
CO
ND
ITIO
N**
R
ATI
NG
C
ATE
GO
RY
3
RU
ST
CO
ND
ITIO
N**
R
ATI
NG
C
ATE
GO
RY
4 or
hig
her
Coa
ting
Con
ditio
n S
urve
y is
requ
ired
if co
mbi
ned
area
in th
e Fa
ir an
d P
oor C
ondi
tion
Sta
tes
is
grea
ter t
han
25%
and
the
area
in th
e P
oor C
ondi
-tio
n S
tate
is le
ss th
an 1
0% *
**
Tabl
e 4.
4a:
Coa
ting*
- St
ruct
ural
Ste
el S
ubst
ruct
ures
and
Sup
er-
Stru
ctur
es
CONDITI
ON
45
DEF
ECT
7. C
OA
TIN
G (P
AR
T 1,
Sec
tion
2.8
& P
art 2
Tab
le 4
.4)
DEF
ECTS
* G
OO
D (L
IGH
T)
FAIR
(MED
IUM
) PO
OR
(SEV
ERE
/ VER
Y SE
VER
E)
Adh
esio
n
R
elat
ed
D
efec
ts
Und
ercu
tting
Spr
eadi
ng o
f cor
rosi
on u
nder
coa
ting
from
a b
reak
. C
ause
d by
poo
r sur
face
pr
epar
atio
n
B
liste
rs
Dom
e sh
aped
pro
ject
ions
of c
oatin
g. C
ause
d by
sol
vent
or w
ater
trap
ped
with
in p
aint
film
Inte
rcoa
t D
elam
inat
ion
One
coa
t sep
arat
es fr
om a
noth
er.
Cau
sed
by c
onta
min
ated
sur
face
s or
ex
cess
ive
curin
g be
twee
n co
ats
Pe
elin
g
Sep
arat
ion
of c
oatin
g fro
m s
teel
due
to p
oor a
dhes
ion
Cor
rosi
on u
nder
the
coat
ing
with
the
help
of f
rom
a b
reak
. C
ause
d by
poo
r pr
epar
atio
n or
por
ous
coat
ing
Und
erfil
m
Cor
rosi
on
A
LL
A
LL
ALL
A
LL
A
LL
DEFECTS
46
DEF
ECT
7. C
OA
TIN
G (P
AR
T 1,
Sec
tion
2.8
& P
art 2
Tab
le 4
.4)
DEF
ECTS
* G
OO
D (L
IGH
T)
FAIR
(MED
IUM
) PO
OR
SEV
ERE
/ VER
Y SE
VER
E)
Brid
ging
C
oatin
g br
idge
s ac
ross
tigh
t cor
ner o
r deb
ris fo
rmin
g vo
id.
Voi
d ca
n tra
p m
oist
ure
and
oxyg
en
Ed
ge D
efec
ts C
oatin
g pu
lls a
way
from
sha
rp e
dges
and
cor
ners
. D
ue to
insu
ffici
ent
appl
icat
ion
of c
oatin
g at
edg
e
Shad
ows
C
oatin
g is
app
lied
too
thin
in th
e sh
adow
of a
rive
t, bo
lts, o
r oth
er a
brup
t cha
nge
in s
urfa
ce
Ove
rspr
ay
Som
e pa
int p
artic
le o
utsi
de s
pray
pat
tern
dry
prio
r to
full
coat
ing.
Lea
ds to
so
me
abso
rbed
sol
vent
and
a m
ore
poro
us s
urfa
ce
ALL
App
licat
ion
Rel
ated
D
efec
ts
A
LL
ALL
ALL
DEFECTS
55
Tabl
e 4.
3: C
oatin
g* –
Ste
el R
ailin
gs
Exce
llent
Con
ditio
n G
ood
Con
ditio
n Fa
ir C
ondi
tion
Poor
Con
ditio
n
RU
ST
CO
ND
ITIO
N**
R
ATI
NG
C
ATE
GO
RY
1
RU
ST
CO
ND
ITIO
N
RA
TIN
G
CA
TEG
OR
Y 2
RU
ST
CO
ND
ITIO
N
RA
TIN
G
CA
TEG
OR
Y 3
RU
ST
CO
ND
ITIO
N
RA
TIN
G
CA
TEG
OR
Y 4
or h
ighe
r
* G
alva
nize
d el
emen
ts a
re in
clud
ed u
nder
the
“Coa
ting”
cat
egor
y **
Rus
t Con
ditio
n R
atin
gs a
re s
how
n in
Fig
ure
4.1.
For
add
ition
al in
form
atio
n, s
ee th
e S
truc-
tura
l Ste
el C
oatin
g M
anua
l. **
* In
orde
r to
cons
ider
ove
rcoa
ting
as a
via
ble
reha
bilit
atio
n op
tion,
a d
etai
led
cond
ition
sur
-ve
y sh
ould
be
trigg
ered
bef
ore
dete
riora
tion
is to
o w
ides
prea
d.
CONDITI
ON
54
Exce
llent
C
ondi
tion
Goo
d
Con
ditio
n
Fair
C
ondi
tion
Po
or
Con
ditio
n N
o O
bser
ved
Mat
e-ria
l Def
ects
H
airli
ne c
rack
s in
ela
stom
eric
pad
s N
arro
w to
med
ium
cra
cks
in
elas
tom
eric
pad
s V
ery
wid
e cr
acks
in e
last
omer
ic p
ads
and/
or s
teel
pla
tes
debo
nded
Li
ght b
ulgi
ng o
r she
ar d
efor
mat
ions
in
elas
tom
eric
pad
s, o
r lig
ht lo
cal
defo
rmat
ion
of ro
ller/r
ocke
r pla
tes
Med
ium
bul
ging
/she
ar d
efor
mat
ions
in
ela
stom
eric
pad
s, o
r med
ium
loca
l de
form
atio
n of
rolle
r/roc
ker p
late
s
Sev
ere
bulg
ing/
shea
r def
orm
atio
ns
in e
last
omer
ic p
ads,
sev
ere
loca
l de
form
atio
n of
rolle
r/roc
ker p
late
s
Ligh
t sco
ring/
scra
tche
s in
TFE
or
stai
nles
s st
eel
Med
ium
sco
ring/
scra
tche
s in
TFE
or
stai
nles
s st
eel
Sev
ere
scor
ing/
scra
tche
s or
rips
and
te
ars
in T
FE o
r sta
inle
ss s
teel
Li
ght C
orro
sion
M
ediu
m C
orro
sion
S
ever
e an
d ve
ry s
ever
e co
rros
ion
and
or c
rack
s in
ste
el
A
ncho
r bol
ts s
light
ly b
ent
Anc
hor b
olts
sev
erel
y be
nt/c
rack
ed
Anc
hor b
olts
are
bro
ken
G
uide
bar
s an
d th
rust
pla
tes
slig
htly
wor
n G
uide
bar
s an
d th
rust
pla
tes
mod
er-
atel
y w
orn
Gui
de b
ars
and
thru
st p
late
s se
-ve
rely
wor
n an
d/or
loos
e or
mis
sing
nu
ts
U
p to
5%
of b
onde
d sl
idin
g su
rface
is
debo
nded
5%
to 2
0% o
f bon
ded
slid
ing
surfa
ce
is d
ebon
ded
Ove
r 20%
of b
onde
d sl
idin
g su
rface
is
deb
onde
d
Inte
rnal
ly c
onfin
ed c
ompr
essi
on m
a-te
rial i
s sq
ueez
ing/
sque
ezed
out
Tabl
e 4.
2: B
earin
gs
CONDITI
ON
47
DEF
ECT
7. C
OA
TIN
G (P
AR
T 1,
Sec
tion
2.8
& P
art 2
Tab
le 4
.4)
DEF
ECTS
* G
OO
D (L
IGH
T)
FAIR
(MED
IUM
) PO
OR
(SE
VER
E / V
ERY
SEVE
RE)
A
pplic
atio
n R
elat
ed
Def
ects
Pinh
olin
g
Air
bubb
les
trapp
ed in
coa
ting
crea
ting
void
s. C
ause
d by
hol
ding
spr
ay g
un to
o cl
ose
ALL
R
uns
D
ownw
ard
mov
emen
t of p
aint
. C
ause
d by
ove
r-th
inni
ng o
r dep
ositi
ng to
o m
uch
pain
t at o
ne ti
me
ALL
Sags
S
imila
r to
runs
, the
dow
nwar
d m
ovem
ent o
f ‘cu
rtain
’ of p
aint
ALL
Pi
npoi
nt
Rus
ting
R
ustin
g vi
sibl
e at
poi
nt lo
catio
ns.
Cau
sed
by in
suffi
cien
t coa
ting
thic
knes
s on
pe
aks
of b
last
cle
aned
sub
stra
te
Rat
e ba
sed
on a
ppea
ranc
e an
d R
ust C
ondi
tion
Rat
ing
DEFECTS
48 53
Exc
elle
nt C
ondi
tion
Goo
d C
ondi
tion
Fa
ir C
ondi
tion
P
oor C
ondi
tion
No
Obs
erve
d M
ate-
rial D
efec
ts
Ligh
t cra
ckin
g M
ediu
m c
rack
ing
Sev
ere
to v
ery
seve
re
crac
king
Ligh
t rav
ellin
g M
ediu
m ra
velli
ng
Sev
ere
and
very
sev
ere
rave
lling
A
ll ar
eas
with
loss
of
bond
Ligh
t Pot
hole
s M
ediu
m P
otho
les
Sev
ere
and
very
sev
ere
poth
oles
Ligh
t whe
el tr
ack
rut-
ting
Med
ium
whe
el tr
ack
rutti
ng
Sev
ere
and
very
sev
ere
whe
el tr
ack
rutti
ng
Li
ght R
ippl
ing
Med
ium
Rip
plin
g S
ever
e an
d V
ery
Sev
ere
Rip
plin
g
Ligh
t Flu
shin
g M
ediu
m F
lush
ing
Sev
ere
and
very
sev
ere
flush
ing
For a
ll ca
lcul
atio
ns, t
he a
ctua
l are
a sh
all b
e de
term
ined
for a
reas
con
tain
ing
num
erou
s cr
acks
(i.e
. al
ligat
or c
rack
s, ra
dial
cra
cks)
. Fo
r iso
late
d cr
acks
, 4 m
of c
rack
le
ngth
is to
equ
al to
1 s
quar
e m
etre
of d
efec
t rep
air a
rea.
Tabl
e 4.
1: A
spha
lt W
earin
g Su
rfac
e
CONDITI
ON
52
CONDITI
ON
APPENDIX C: MATERIAL CONDITION STATE TABLES (Part 2, Section 4) Four Condition States have been defined for bridge elements, namely, Excellent, Good, Fair and Poor. The condition of bridge elements is defined to be in any one or more of these Condition States. The “severity and extent” philosophy is used where, for each bridge element, the inspector assesses and records the amount (area, length or unit as appropri-ate) of the element in each of the four Condition States.
49
Element List and Condition State Cross Reference Table (Part 2, Ta-
ELEMENT
APPENDIX B
50
Element Group Element Name 6,7,8 Unit for Quantity 1,2,3,4
Applicable Condition State Table Number 5
Abutments Abutment walls Sq.m. 4.5, 4.11, 4.19
Ballast walls Sq.m. 4.5, 4.11, 4.19 Bearings Each 4.2 Wingwalls Sq.m. 4.5, 4.11, 4.19
Accessories (Attachments & Signs)
Bridge Mounted Sign Supports 9
Each 4.12
Electrical 9 Each 4.12 Noise Barriers m10 4.12 Other Each 4.12 Signs Each 4.12 Utilities Each 4.12
Approaches Approach slabs Sq.m. 4.5, 4.6 Barriers 9 m10 4.17, 4.19 Curb and Gutters m. 4.5 Drainage System Each 4.7 Sidewalk/Curbs Sq.m. 4.5 Wearing surface Sq.m. 4.1, 4.5, 4.6
Barriers Barrier/Parapet Walls Sq.m. 4.5 Hand Railings m. 10 4.17 Posts Each 4.5, 4.16, 4.19 Railing Systems m. 10 4.17, 4.19
Beams/Main Longitu-dinal Elements
Diaphragms Each (Sq.m if Concrete)
4.5, 4.15, 4.16, 4.19
Floor beams Sq.m. 4.5, 4.16, 4.19 Girders Sq.m. 4.5, 4.15, 4.16, 4.19 Inside boxes (sides & bottom)
Sq.m. 4.5 , 4.15
Stringers Each 4.5 , 4.16, 4.19 Bracing Bracing Each 4.15, 4.16, 4.19 Coatings Railing Systems /
Hand Railings Sq.m. 4.3
Structural Steel Sq.m. 4.4 Culverts Barrels Sq.m. 4.5, 4.14
Inlet Components Sq.m. 4.5 Outlet Components Sq.m. 4.5
Decks Deck Top Sq.m. 4.5, 4.6, 4.19 Drainage System Each 4.7 Soffit – Inside Boxes Sq.m. 4.5 Soffit – Thick slab Sq.m. 4.5 Soffit – Thin Slab Sq.m. 4.5, 4.19 Wearing Surface Sq.m. 4.1
Embankments & Streams
Embankments Each 4.8 Slope protection Each 4.13 Streams and Water-ways
All 4.18
Foundations Foundation (below ground level)
N/A Rate performance only.
Joints Armouring/retaining devices
m. 4.9
Concrete end dams Sq.m 4.5 Seals/sealants each 4.10
Table 2.1: Element List and Condition State Cross Reference Table
ELEMENT
51
Element Group Element Name 6,7,8 Unit for Quantity 1,2,3,4
Applicable Condition State Table Number 5
Piers Bearings Each 4.2 Caps Sq.m. 4.5, 4.11, 4.16, 4.19 Shafts/columns/Pile Bents
Sq.m. 4.5, 4.11, 4.16, 4.19
Retaining walls Barrier Systems on walls
Sq.m. 4.5, 4.17, 4.19
Railing Systems m10 4.17, 4.19 Drainage Systems All 4.7 Walls Sq.m. 4.5
Sidewalks/curbs Curbs Sq.m. 4.5 Sidewalks and medi-ans
Sq.m. 4.5
Trusses/Arches Bottom chords Sq.m. 4.5, 4.16, 4.19 Connections Each 4.16, 4.19 Top chords Sq.m. 4.5, 4.16, 4.19 Verticals/diagonals Sq.m. 4.5, 4.16, 4.19
Notes: 1 – For “All”, place the entire component (100%) in one condition state. 2 – For “Each”, give the number of occurrences of the component in each state. 3 – For cracks in concrete, estimate repair area (4m of crack = 1 sq. m of repair). 4 – For cracks in steel, estimate required repair area. 5 – Tables given are typical for element. Use appropriate table for applicable material. (See Section 4). 6 – Sub-elements (End/Middle) to be used for the following elements at expansion joint locations: Deck Top, Girders, Inside Boxes Sub-elements (End/Intermediate) to be used for the following elements at
expansion joint locations:: Floor Beams, Stringers, Bracing and Dia-phragms
Sub-elements (End/Interior/Exterior) to be used for Soffits Sub-elements (Interior/Exterior) to be used for Barrier/Parapet Walls 7 – For an explanation of which bridge components are included in each element, see Table 3.1. 8 – Similar element types should be grouped together (e.g. I-girders, x-frames, etc.) 9 – Optional element. Not required for MTO use 10 – For these elements that are inspected by linear metre, a defect in the post shall be assumed to affect the tributary area for that post.
ELEMENT
