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Field Evaluation of Sources of Air-Borne PAHs in the El Paso Area
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Transcript of Field Evaluation of Sources of Air-Borne PAHs in the El Paso Area
Field Evaluation of Sources of Air-Borne PAHs in the El Paso Area
WEN-YEE LEE, PH.D.UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASO
Objectives/Specific Aims
1. Objectives:
a) To investigate the concentration of PAHs in the air
b) To study the possible sources of those compounds.
2. Specific Aims:
a) Analyze PAHs in gas and particulate phases
b) Study the spatial distribution of PAHs
c) Examine the impact of burning activities on air-borne
PAHs concentration
d) Investigate the possible sources of emission
Hypothesis
• Air-borne PAHs are traffic related• High traffic sites/Low traffic sites
• Burning activities in the winter contribute to Air-borne PAH pollution in the area• Winter/Summer sampling
Previous work in soil borne PAHs
El Paso Soil Study
Possible Source of PAHs in soil
Soil Study Summery:
1. Heavy anthropogenic activities higher [total PAHs]
2. Possible source of PAHs: • vehicle emissions
• Industrial facilities
• residential heating
7
Air Study - PAHs
1. Site Selection: high vs. low traffic
• The heavy traffic sites were those that were
within two miles from traffic that exceeded
100,000 cars per day
2. Sampling
• Residential burning - winter vs. summer
3. 20 samples were collected from El Paso
4. 16 PAHs were analyzed.
8
Methods
11
Chemical Structure for 16 priority PAHs
Results
1. Concentration of Air-borne PAHs in El Paso
2. Spatial Effect: High traffic/Low traffic
3. Temporal effect: Winter/Summer
4. Diagnostic Ratio: Source Identification
Concentrations (ng/m3) of air-borne PAHs in summer
PAH Min Max Mean STDEV OccurrenceShort-term
ESL
NAP 0.2 126.0 9.1 28.5 100 440,000
ACE nd 0.5 2.0 1.0 100 1,000
ACY 0.2 32.4 0.5 7.4 79 1,000
FLU 0.4 21.3 2.0 4.7 100 10,000
PHE 0.2 33.0 2.6 7.4 100 500
ANT 0.5 2.0 0.8 0.5 100 500
FTH 0.0 3.8 0.5 0.9 100 500
PYR 0.5 4.9 1.6 1.1 100 500
BaA 0.4 4.8 1.5 1.0 100 500
CHR nd 4.5 0.8 1.0 79 500
BbF 0.5 864.7 61.8 205.2 100 500
BkF 0.0 168.8 12.2 40.1 100 500
BaP 0.5 409.3 29.1 96.0 100 30
IcdP nd 2.8 0.8 0.6 89 500
DahA nd 3.9 0.9 1.2 74 500
BghiP nd 1.6 0.4 0.4 89 500
∑7carcPAHs 3.7 1344.8 107.2
∑16 PAH 6.8 1357.9126.8
(26.5*)
Concentrations (ng/m3)of air-borne PAHs in Winter
PAH Min Max Mean STDEV OccurrenceShort-term
ESL
NAP 0.3 1392.3 99.8 322.8 100 440,000
ACE nd 19.1 2.0 3.0 84 1,000
ACY 0.2 13.7 1.3 4.4 100 1,000
FLU 0.2 9.3 1.5 2.0 100 10,000
PHE 0.2 43.1 3.5 9.6 100 500
ANT 0.2 39.6 3.1 8.9 100 500
FTH nd 3.4 0.7 0.7 95 500
PYR 0.6 9.4 4.9 1.4 100 500
BaA 0.2 3.9 1.3 1.0 100 500
CHR nd 3.5 0.7 0.9 74 500
BbF 0.5 993.2 56.3 227.3 100 500
BkF 0.0 3.2 0.5 0.7 100 500
BaP 0.6 391.7 23.2 89.3 100 30
IcdP nd 1.2 0.5 0.2 95 500
DahA nd 5.2 0.8 1.4 68 500
BghiP nd 1.5 0.4 0.3 84 500
∑7carcPAHs 2.2 1402.0 83.2
∑16 PAH 9.6 2933.3200.4
(127.9*)
15
Summer
Winter
16
Diagnostic Ratio (I)
17
18
Diagnostic Ratio (II)
Total PAH concentrations (ng/m3)in cities around the world
Location Total PAHs Survey Year
Sevilla, Spain 8.6 2000-2001Zaragoza, Spain 5.6 1999-2001Canarias, Spain 7.8 1999-2000Barcelona, Spain 82.8 1993Naples, Italy 47.7 1996-1997Rome, Italy 21.2 1994Athens, Greece 3.0 2000Paris, France 357.0 1999-2000Munich, Germany 3.5 1996-1998London, United Kingdom 825.0 1991-1992Tianjin, China - Rural 739 2006Tianjin, China - Urban 2,142 2006Guangzhou, South China 337 2005Central Taiwan 1,842.1 2003La Plata, Argentina 13.2 2004Leipzig, Germany 3.6 2004Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 56.8 2005El Paso, Tx: Summer 127.4 2007El Paso, TX: Winter 200.9 2007 19
Summary:
PAHs:a) everywhere.
• Occurrence ranging from 68 % (DahA) to 100% (for 11 PAHs)
• Only 3 samples were found to have exceeded TECQ short term ESLs for BkF and BaP.
b) Sources - pyrogenic • traffic/burning
c) The levels of air-borne PAHs in El Paso are considered high.• potential problem as the traffic situation worsened.
20
Acknowledgements
Graduate Students:
• Lynn Santiago
• Roberto de la Torre-Roche
• Chika Yamaguchi