FIDO: Field Investigation Drug Officer Program

Workshop Title Presenta1on Title 1

FIDO: Field Investigation Drug Officer Program

Laboratory Director Jay Henry/ Utah Department of Public Safety

Technology Transi/on Workshop

Background – Utah BFS

•  Statewide laboratory system •  ASCLD/LAB Interna1onal accredited (2007) •  28 laboratory employees (23 forensic scien1sts) •  6 scien1sts assigned to CS (controlled substances) •  3 separate laboratories within the state •  2.7 million popula1on

FIDO Program Technology Transi1on Workshop Utah Bureau of Forensic Services Adapta1on Model 2


Background – Map with CS Chemists



Background – Case Numbers



Background – Utah BFS

•  Limited resources to deal with increasing caseload (no more FTE’s)

•  Turnaround 1me averaged six to eight weeks •  Customer sa1sfac1on low •  Both law enforcement and prosecu1on unhappy •  Staff unhappy with workload •  What do you do? We felt that we were so buried in casework we didn’t have 1me to teach, train or monitor



Solu=on – MJ Tech Program and FIDO

•  May 2003 offered Utah BFS MJ Leaf Technician Program

•  Modeled a\er the Washington State Patrol Program and Weber State University

•  Provide officers with 32 hour “cer1fica1on” course in the iden1fica1on of marijuana

•  Officers are now the experts in the iden1fica1on of marijuana using macroscopic, microscopic and chemical confirma1on techniques



Solu=on – MJ Tech Program and FIDO



Solu=on – Utah BFS FIDO program

•  Marijuana is only part of the solu1on •  S1ll need a way to screen for methamphetamine, cocaine and heroin

•  Many Utah agencies already doing this tes1ng −  Use NIK® kit tests with varying degrees of success −  Resulted in some judges accep1ng the results and others not

•  Screening program at California DOJ •  Discovered NFSTC and FIDO



Utah BFS’s Adapta=on of FIDO Program

•  Trained at NFSTC and learned about FIDO •  Selling point was that it was a “na1onal” program and was successful in Phoenix

•  Flexible adaptability – we didn’t need to screen for marijuana and could create our own kits

•  Created the UNIT test kit – Utah Narco1c Iden1fica1on Test kit



Utah BFS’s Adapta=on of FIDO Program: UNIT Test Kit



Utah BFS’s Adapta=on of FIDO Program: UNIT Test Kit •  By crea1ng the kits ourselves, we could:

−  Minimize the cost to BFS and agencies (we have no problem with NIK® kits, when properly used)

−  QC the reagents to make sure they worked −  Kit cost factor allows officers to become more familiar with tes1ng samples – (e.g., you can probably test 500 samples of methamphetamine with the UNIT kit)

−  Officers develop exper1se faster −  Include a bolle of methanol



Utah BFS’s Adapta=on of FIDO Program: Training Class •  Adapted 8 hour “cer1fica1on” training class that includes: −  Background informa1on on methamphetamine, heroin and cocaine (same slideshows from NFSTC) •  Have to make some modifica1ons applicable to Utah •  E.g., rarely see powdered form of heroin

−  Emphasize presump1ve nature of color tes1ng



Utah BFS’s Adapta=on of FIDO Program: Presump=ve Color Tes=ng •  In the classroom, the laboratory por1on requires them to test the following types of samples: −  Known −  “False” posi1ves −  “Other” samples

•  Lectures on shades, length of 1me and order of color forma1on

•  Lab por1on develops immediate exper1se



Utah BFS’s Adapta=on of FIDO Program: Presump=ve Color Tes=ng •  Safety NFPA (Na1onal Fire Protec1on Associa1on)


Chemical/Test Health Flammability Reac/vity

Sodium Nitroprusside 3 4 2

Sodium Carbonate 2 0 1

ScoEs 3 1 1

Chloroform 2 0 0

Froehdes 3 0 2


Utah BFS’s Adapta=on of FIDO Program: Presump=ve Color Tes=ng •  Instruc1on on QC and Best Prac1ces •  Blank Test – Tests for contamina1on

−  Run the reagents without sample

•  Known Test – Tests reagent reliability – Are they working? −  Run the reagents with a known standard −  Known standard = Mixture of dimethylamine and diphenhydramine – Non‐controlled



Methamphetamine: Step by Step Tes=ng Example with UNIT Test Kit •  Step #1 – Perform Blank Test



Methamphetamine: Step by Step Tes=ng Example with UNIT Test Kit •  Step #2 – Perform Known Test



Methamphetamine: Step by Step Tes=ng Example with UNIT Test Kit •  Step #3 – Place Unknown in clean spot well



Methamphetamine: Step by Step Tes=ng Example with UNIT Test Kit •  Step #4 – Place one drop of Reagent #1 into spot well



Methamphetamine: Step by Step Tes=ng Example with UNIT Test Kit •  Step #5 – Place one drop of Reagent #2 into spot well



Methamphetamine: Step by Step Tes=ng Example with UNIT Test Kit •  Step #6 – Forma1on of an immediate dark blue color



Utah BFS’s Adapta=on of FIDO Program: Training Class Con=nued

•  Lecture and prac1ce taking notes



Utah BFS’s Adapta=on of FIDO Program: Training Class Con=nued •  Lecture and prac1ce taking notes •  Lecture and prac1ce wri1ng reports



Utah BFS’s Adapta=on of FIDO Program: Training Class Con=nued •  Wrilen exam (20 ques1ons) – Must receive 80% •  Complete 20 unknown “challenging” samples •  Competency test (3 samples) – Must receive 100% •  Annual Case Review (5%) – Done at recer1fica1on •  Suggested 100% Technical Review •  Audit – Done at recer1fica1on •  Cer1fica1ons valid for one year •  Recer1fica1on every year – 5 proficiency test samples –

Must achieve 100%



Utah Bureau of Forensic Services Certificate of Qualification


is hereby granted to:

Jay Henry to certify that they have successfully

completed Field Investigation Drug Officer

Certification Training

Granted: February 26, 2009 Jay W. Henry, Laboratory Director

Utah Bureau of Forensic Services

Certificate Number :160


General FIDO Stats

•  Discon1nued analyzing marijuana botanical samples as of 12/31/2006

•  Taught over 16 cer1fica1on classes and cer1fied 221 people in FIDO throughout the state

•  Taught many recer1fica1on classes and recer1fied 82 people in FIDO throughout the state in 2011

•  43% have returned sta1s1cs for 2008



FIDO Case Stats 2008 : Samples Tested

•  Methamphetamine – 71 posi1ve •  Cocaine – 29 posi1ve •  Heroin – 28 posi1ve •  Inconclusive – 5 posi1ve



Utah BFS’s Case Sta=s=cs: Controlled Substances



Utah’s FIDO Program: Results

•  57% reduc1on in controlled substances submissions from 2003 thru 2008

•  Where did the cases go? •  Customer Sa1sfac1on?

−  Law Enforcement −  Prosecutorial −  Laboratory Staff



Utah’s FIDO Program: So What Did We Do With That Extra Resource? •  Decreased our turnaround 1me

−  Central laboratory controlled substances (10 days) −  Central laboratory serology (14 days) −  Central laboratory DNA (33 days) −  Southern laboratory controlled substances (5 days)

•  Trained 18 crime scene responders •  Transi1oned from Legacy to ISO



Utah’s FIDO Program: So What Did We Do With That Extra Resource? •  Enhanced our trace program

−  Paint and fiber analysis −  Glass and hair to follow

•  Implemented video and audio analysis •  Economic downturn (30% reduc1on) •  Evidence intake

−  Reduced their caseload by at least 50% −  Reassigned to AFIS and crime scene team



What about other Agencies?

•  Phoenix PD −  Ins/tuted program in 2000 −  Have seen tremendous success



Phoenix PD crime lab data




•  Translates to a 47% reduc/on in drug submissions


2008 2009 2010 2011

Controlled Substance Submissions

5990*

*(Jan thru Oct)

4760*

*(Jan thru Oct)

3942*

*(Jan thru Oct)

3195*

*(Jan thru Oct)

•  Acadiana Crime Lab, Louisiana



•  Acadiana Crime Lab, Louisiana •  “We have aUributed our success in the FIDO program

because our approach to the agencies was that ul=mately this was a partnership.”



So, how do I implement FIDO?

•  NFSTC hosted a technology transi=on workshop •  All informa=on/presenta=ons and video are online •  hUp://www.nfstc.org/programs/field‐inves=ga=on‐drug‐

officer‐fido/



Our next dilemma? Spice.

•  AKA: Synthe/c Cannabinoids which mimic the effects of controlled substances such as marijuana.

•  Plant material sold at convenience stores/ smoke shops −  The drug culture has succeeded in taking a controlled substance and selling it on the open market

•  No screening tests like FIDO. Currently, all seized products must be submiEed to the crime lab.



Types of Spice


Utah Bureau of Forensic ServicesSpice and Ivory Wave Brands/ContentsBeginning 3/1/2011

Red indicates a substance not specifically listed under federal or state law.However, these substances are analogs as per the state definition.

Case # Label Compounds present/identifiedC20110282 (Unified police) Diamond Mist MDPVS20110082 AM-2201S20110088 JWH-200S20110087 JWH-018S20110084 JWH-018 and AM-2201S20110100 None (green plant material) JWH-018 and JWH-250S20110101 pipe AM-694C20110297 plastic pen tube JWH-018C20110123 cpm AM-2201C20110283 off-wht substance in a pb JWH-018, JWH-122, AM-2201, JWH-210N20110148 bottle with residue JWH-018S20110091 green plant material RCS-4C20110332 Diamond Mist and foil pkgs MDPV (x3) and RCS 4 (x2)C20110328 BOOM Potpouri JWH-210N20110078 FUSION foil pkgs (green) JWH-122C20110270 Weekend Warrior Incense Hash AM2201

Weekend Warrior Incense Revolution AM2201Cloud 10 Storm JWH-250 and 081DEMON 3-FMC, AM2201, JWH-210, Unknown JWH compound (BP 339)Grizzly 3-FMC, AM2201, JWH-210, Unknown JWH compound (BP 339)SPIKE Gold JWH-250 Knockout JWH-122Paranoia JWH-210Ultimate Dragon JWH-122Weekend Warrior Incense Hash Pack AM 2201Green powder in pb in above jar AM2201 and Unknown JWH Compound (BP 339)Weekend Warrior Incense Roundhouse AM2201, JWH-018Weekend Warrior Incense Achilles AM2201

C20110189 Glass pipe JWH-018Glass pipe JWH-018

C20110316 Mr. Sticky JWH-203, RCS-4White Rhino JWH-203, RCS-4Knockout JWH-203, RCS-4

N20110166 Glass pipe JWH-250C20110329 PC /L "Genie, Damiana Leaves" JWH-018C20110438 Spice - 4 Karma, Everest, & Funky Monkey JWH-018N20110189 Glass pipe JWH-250, JWH-018, JWH-122C20110473 light green round tablet with imprint logo 3,4-MethylenedioxymethcathinoneS110155 aluminum can pipe JWH-018, AM-2201C20110469 White Rhino JWH-203, RCS-4N20110245 FUSION foil pkgs (green) JWH-122N20110245 FUSION foil pkgs (1lightpink/purple, 1red) JWH-122, RCS-4C20110571 Plant material - "King krypto" & "King Karma" JWH-018, JWH-122C20110564 Blueberry Black Mamba JWH-203N20110268 plastic container AM2201, RCS-4


Spice Submissions in Utah

2008 2009 2010 2011

% of Spice Submissions

0 0 3‐4% 15%



Poten=al solu=on

•  Portable GC/MS units sta/oned throughout the State

•  Each officer “cer/fied” to use it •  Analogous to “intoxcylizer” for breath alcohol



Contact Informa=on

Jay W. Henry Utah Bureau of Forensic Services

4501 South 2700 West Salt Lake City, UT 84114‐8285

801‐965‐4093 [email protected]


Note: all images and graphics contained within this presenta5on are courtesy of the Utah Bureau of Forensic Services laboratory personnel or laboratory director Jay W. Henry.

FIDO: Field Investigation Drug Officer Program

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