Scientific name Ficus Carica

Family name Moraceae Family

Leaf shape leaves are simple palmate

Life cycle The fig tree perennial

Irrigation methodGrow rainfall

Shape and color of fruit

multiple colors and shapes fruit

The west Asia is the original home of the fig tree and then moved from Asian Turkey to the north of India, and then the cultivation of fig spread through out the Mediterranean regionand Middle East since ancient times.The fig tree perennial, deciduous, grow rainfall, multiple colors and shapes fruitAnd have a high economic and medical nutritional value.

Fig tree

The climate of our country (Palestine) is suitable for the cultivation and growth of fig trees, where the climate warm ,sunny and good drainage soil.

Nutritional and medicinal value Fig is one of the richest fruit vitamins Especially (C) , (A), (B2) and (B1).

Dried figs are rich with calcium which is essentialfor building bones and teeth.

Fig is one of the fallen leaves plants where the branches cylindrical , intertwined and few height.Stem smooth and existing non-retractable cracked gray to silvery .And there is a big nodes appear on the stem caused by branches have been removed or covered with buds dormancy phloem.The fig tree up to 10 meters high, and live 50_70 years.

Root of fig

Root of fig :Root is fibrous very depth , intensive ,

distribution on the nature and deepening depends

on variety as well as the soil type grown in terms of

composition and depth moisture system.

BranchesShort branches a non-productive and length of 1_2 cm .

Medium branches less than 15 cm in length and a few fruiting .

Fruiting branches has a length of 15 _45cm .

Branches coming out of the under side of tree branches, a strong growth in length up to 1m.

Buds

Buds : figs have large buds open with a sharp and shiny apex in each axilla leaf two buds or three composed by category, the middle bud is usually vegetative and lateral fruiting.

leaves

Leaves : green shiny simple palmate-shaped large-

sized branch and a length of 30 cm and has a large

and a small lobes 3-7 . The upper surface of the

leaf is dark green color and rough fluff . The

bottom surface shall be light green in color and the

soft fluff.

FruitsFruit trees ficus produce an edible multiple fruit

called a syconium it is a fleshy, flask-shaped

structure (inflorescence) lined on the inside with

numerous female flowers, and these flowers not

appear from outside the thin outer shell . The wall

has color white or light yellow carrying

multicolored floral by category (white, brown, pink,

red).

At the top of the fruit there is slit called the eye of the fruit which is covered by small scales .

The core of the fruit containsnumbers of seeds that may bebig or too small the number ranges (1600-30) per fruit .

Flowers and method of pollination

Flowers in Figs are very small and be combined

inside the fruit called inflorescence floral any large

group of small flowers accumulated inside the fruit

where not see from the outside.

1_ common fig ( normal figs flowers ):

The flowers in these categories feminine they do not need to pollinators or pollen.

Different way fertilization by

class of figs as follows:

2_Capri fig ( wild fig flowers )

# The anthers # Tuberous flowers # The stigma Where insect

Lbulastopaja growth .

3_ Smyrna : It is A feminine flowers need to pollination humeral (cross pollination) and that of the wild fig flowers, this process is done by insects.

4_San Pedro fig:flowers of this variety two part : As the first crop flowers are considered as normal pollinate common fig not need pollinators, and the second crop flowers would need to be pollination, such as figs Smyrna.

Figs pairing habit & harvesting

Carry floral buds of fig sideways on two types of wood are:

A) Year-old branches that carry the first crop of

figs where consists bud in the previous growing season, and this floral buds bloom in spring and crop matures in June and called name it (Darfur).

And Dafor considered the secondary crop in most varieties but in other varieties carry only is Dafor. Characterized of these fruits :- large in size and few sweetness.

B) Modern branches resulting from vegetative buds, and floral buds begin to configure it with the maturity of the fruits of the first crop, then mature in August and September, and the fruit from these branches considered the main crop .Characterized of these fruits smaller than the first crop but more sweetness.

Environmental factors for the cultivation of figs

0 Soil : Fig tree live in the different soil and in the variety of environmental conditions ,But the favorite soil is alkaline clay non deep, and sandy clay soils fertile with good construction and drainage optimum with pH is ( 6_ 6.5 ).

The following table shows the relationship between

decrease production and the degree of salinity in

the soil:

Lower production

(%)

(EC) Mmols/CM

%103.8

%255.5

%508.4

0 Water:Fig trees need rain to the fall at least 500 mm per year.

0 Temperature and climatic factors: The climate of our country suitable for the growth of fig trees, where the fig intended for drying need to long sunny days , high temperatures in the summer and low relative humidity.

But when the temperature rise to more than 45C the crust of fruit become thickness .

The fresh figs need to a high temperature in the summer and moderate humidity air .

Figs  need for the moderate colder hours to break the dormancy phase

0 Wind:The wind has limited effect on the fig trees.

Selection of seedlings

Seedlings must be free of viral diseases and nematodes , it should be strong growth so that it is 120 cm in length and stem diameter of 1.5 cm.

Time of Planting Agriculture fig trees begin in the month of January

until the month of February.

February considered best date for planting figs.

Propagation of figs

* propagation by Offisite

To Accelerate the ripening of fruit

Farmers use to speed up the ripening of fruit a drop of oil by a piece of wood or cotton in the eye of the fruit and the crop is ready for harvest after a week of this process .

Ethylene compounds also used to accelerate the maturity.

Harvest of figs be at rate 3 tons per year .And harvest done once every two days because the fruits ripen in batches and continue the process of picking (80_120) day.

Fig trees begins fruiting in the third and fourth year of life, but its commercial production after the fifth year .

The time of sunrise and the demise of dew the best time for the process of harvesting

Fruit picking

Planting space is about5 * 7 6 * 8

9 * 105 * 5

The dimensions of the hole

5 * 5 * 5

Pruning

rootstocks