Fiction/Non-Fiction Terms

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Fiction/Non-Fiction Terms Kelly Road English Department – English 10

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Kelly Road English Department – English 10. Fiction/Non-Fiction Terms. Allusion. Kelly Road English Department – English 10. A quick reference in a literary work to something that is well known in the society Eg.: referring to t he Bible, Shakespeare, Lady Gaga, etc . Antagonist. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Fiction/Non-Fiction Terms

Page 1: Fiction/Non-Fiction Terms

Fiction/Non-Fiction Terms

Kelly Road English Department – English 10

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Allusion

• A quick reference in a literary work to something that is well known in the society

• Eg.: referring to the Bible, Shakespeare, Lady Gaga, etc.

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Antagonist

• The characters or forces arrayed against the protagonist(s)

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Anti-Climax

• An effect which works against the climax• Often acts to bring a lofty tone “down to

earth”

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Aside

• A short dramatic speech, said by a character to him/herself, but out loud, so the audience can overhear

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Audience

• Obviously, the person/people experiencing the play/book/song/film, etc., but also the “type” of person the author had in mind when creating the work

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Conflict

• General term for negative interactions between characters

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Conflict: Internal

• Internal – struggle inside a character’s mind or self – person vs. self

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Conflict: External

• Person vs. Person – conflict between 2 or more characters

• Person vs. Environment – conflicts between a person and their situation – Nature, society, group, etc.

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Character• General name for someone in a story• Can also refer to a person’s overall personality

and sense of morality

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Characterization• The way in which a character is “drawn” by

the author – the way in which we are introduced to the character’s traits

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Characterization

• Presentation – how the author tells the reader about a character:– Direct – the author actually tells the reader

about a character’s traits, motivations, etc.– Indirect – the author has other characters tell the

reader about another a particular character, or shows us through the character’s actions

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Character - Traits

• Round – character has many traits• Flat – character has few traits

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Character - Traits

• Dynamic – character’s traits change over time• Static – character’s traits do not change over

time

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Character - Types

• Stereotype/Stock – character with clichéd or familiar traits which appears often in especially escapist-type literature– Eg. James Bond, Robin Hood, Wicked Stepmother,

etc.• Realistic – A character who is NOT based on a

stereotypical cliché, but on “real life”

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Character - Types

• Foil – a secondary character whose traits or actions contrast with those of the main character in order to draw attention to them

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Cliché

• An idea or part of a artistic work which has been used so much that it has lost its original meaning or effect

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Climax

• The point at which the action and/or tension is at its height

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Colloquial Language

• Words and phrases that are used in informal settings, but are not appropriate for formal ones; “everyday” language

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Comedy

• A literary or dramatic work that is not serious, and usually has a happy ending

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Compare

• Looking at how 2 things are similar

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Complication

• A challenge or hurdle placed in the way of the protagonist

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Connotation

• The ideas, thoughts, or feelings associated with a particular word or phrase

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Contrast

• Looking at how 2 things are different

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Crisis

• The main problem or troubling event that sets the action going

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Denotation

• The thing or situation that a word refers to, its definition, or actual meaning

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Denouement

• French for “unknotting”• Loose ends of the plot tied up, either after the

climax, or (more commonly) in the very final scenes of the story

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Dialogue

• The words spoken, usually in conversation, by characters in a story or play

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Dilemma

• A choice that a character must make between 2 unpleasant outcomes, in response to a plot challenge

• Dilemmas are often hard choices that involve moral or ethical issues

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Drama

• A work meant to be represented onstage by actors speaking dialogue, but also refers to any plot that has many ups and downs

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Epiphany

• A term for a character’s sudden realization about something

• Think “lightbulb moment” – a thought or idea that occurs to a character that changes his or her outlook

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Episode

• A particular incident or event within the main plot of a story

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Exposition

• Tells background information• Sets up plot events

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Falling Action

• Events following the climax• Crisis resolved; character conflicts dealt with• Aka: the Resolution

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Figurative Language

• Language which uses various sorts of comparisons to talk about multiple layers of meaning at once, often using similes, metaphors, etc.

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Flashback

• A scene inserted into the plot that shows events that occurred at an earlier time

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Foreshadowing

• Hints given in the plot as to its outcome

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Genre

• A particular category of literature, such as Drama, Romance, Comedy, Tragedy, etc.

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Hyperbole

• “hy-PER-bo-lee”• When something is emphasized using

deliberate exaggeration

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Image

• A visual picture, described in words

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Imagery

• The use of visual pictures to add meaning to literature

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Indeterminate Ending

• An ending in which the reader cannot be certain of the outcome

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Irony

• A literary device in which the writer expresses a meaning that is different than the words used

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Jargon

• Specific words or language used by a certain technical or professional group

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Metaphor

• A direct comparison of one thing to another

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Mood

• Also called atmosphere or ambience• The “feeling” presented in the story through

the way the author describes scenes or plot events

• Eg.: It was a dark and stormy night…

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Moral

• A message the author is trying to give through the story

• Also, a term that indicates whether or not the actions of the characters are good or just, from a societal perspective

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Narration

• Story as told by a narrator

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Narrative

• A story told by a narrator

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Narrator

• The person telling a story

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Oxymoron

• A figure of speech that puts 2 things which puts 2 opposite things together

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Paradox

• A statement which seems to contradict itself, but does in fact work

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Personification

• Giving inanimate objects human-like qualities or characteristics

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Persuasion

• Attempting to prove a position and convince an audience of that position, using logic and emotion

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Plot

• What happens in a story

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Point of View

• The viewpoint through which a story is told• Types:– First Person – • “I” – solely the POV of the narrator• reader only knows as much as narrator

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Point of View

• Types Cont’d:– Third Person Omniscient – “God Mode” –

narrator knows characters’ thoughts and feelings– Third Person Limited Omniscient – narrator

knows thoughts and feelings of one character, but not necessarily others

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Point of View

• Types Cont’d:– Objective/Dramatic – “fly on the wall” – narrator

is completely outside the action, and simply relates it as he/she sees it happening.• Eg. Reality TV/DVD extras footage, etc.

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Propaganda

• Literature made and distributed in order to put forth a particular argument or point of view

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Protagonist

• The main character(s) in a story

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Rising Action

• The series of events leading to the climax

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Sarcasm

• An ironic verbal device, in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant

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Satire

• The ridiculing of any subject in order to demean it and make it laughable

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Setting

• The place and time in which a story occurs

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Simile

• A direct comparison using “like” or “as”

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Slang

• Informal, everyday-type language that takes the place of more usual, or more serious terms

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Style

• The particular way an author writes – his or her word choice, sentence structure, rhythms of language, etc.

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Subplot

• A secondary plot or story woven in-between the events in the main plot

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Surprise Ending

• An ending which does not naturally follow on from the main points in the plot

• Most effective when foreshadowed information is revealed to mean something completely different from the reader’s expectations

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Suspense

• A feeling of tension that builds throughout the plot

• Usually linked to what will happen at the climax

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Symbolism

• When an important person, place or thing in a story represents both itself, and something else

• The secondary representation is generally figurative = not a literal one

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Theme

• The central idea or thesis of a story• Can be stated directly by the author, or

indirectly through the outcome of the plot

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Tone

• The author’s attitudes and/or biases that come through in the story, whether in character descriptions, or in their dialogue

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Tragedy

• A serious literary or dramatic work that usually ends with the death or downfall of the protagonist(s)

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Understatement

• The deliberate downplaying of something to make it seem less than it really is

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