Fibers

Fibers

Types of Fibers

Steel Glass Synthetic Natural

Fibers

Effects of Different Fibers on Concrete Properties

Effect Type of Fiber

Reduced plastic shrinkage cracking

Synthetic,

Steel

Increased tensile strength

Glass,

Steel,

Carbon

Increased flexural strength

Steel,

Glass

Fibers

Steel Fibers

Fibers

Properties of Steel Fibers

Relative density

Diameter, µm

(0.001 in.)

Tensile strength, MPa (ksi)

Modulus of elasticity, MPa (ksi)

Strain at failure, %

7.80 100-1000 500-2600 210,000 0.5-3.5

(4-40) (70-380) (30,000)

Fibers

Application and Fabrication Methods of Steel Fibers

Conventionally mixed—used for Overlays

Shotcrete Stabilization of rockslopes Tunnel linings Coal mine shaft linings

Slurry Infiltrated Fiber Concrete

Fibers

Slurry-Infiltrated Concrete (SIFCON)

Cement 1000 kg/m3

(1686 lb/yd3)

Water330 kg/m3

(556 lb/yd3)

Siliceous Sand 0.7 mm

860 kg/m3 (1450 lb/yd3)

Silica Slurry13 kg/m3 (1.3

lb/yd3)

High-Range Water Reducer

35 kg/m3 (3.7 lb/yd3)

Steel Fibers (about 10 Vol.-%)

800 kg/m3 (84 lb/yd3)

Fibers

Glass Fibers

Fibers

Properties of Glass Fibers

Glass fiber type

Relative density

Diameter, µm (0.001

in.)

Tensile strength, MPa (ksi)

Modulus of elasticity, MPa (ksi)

Strain at failure,

%

E 2.54 8-15 2000-4000 72,000 3.0-4.8

(0.3-0.6) (290-580) (10,400)

AR 2.70 12-20 1500-3700 80,000 2.5-3.6

(0.5-0.8) (220-540) (11,600)

Fibers

Synthetic Fibers

Acrylic Aramid Carbon Nylon Polyester Polypropylene

(Photo)

Fibers

Properties of Synthetic Fibers

Synthetic fiber type

Relative density

Diameter, µm

Tensile strength,

MPaModulus of

elasticity, MPa

Strain at failure,

%

Acrylic 1.18 5-17 200-1000 17,000-19,000 28-50

Aramid 1.44 10-12 2000-3100 62,000-120,000 2-3.5

Carbon 1.90 8-0 1800-2600 230,000-380,000 0.5-1.5

Nylon 1.14 23 1000 5,200 20

Polyester 1.38 10-80 280-1200 10,000-18,000 10-50

Poly-ethylene

0.96 25-1000 80-600 5,000 12-100

Poly-propylene

0.90 20-200 450-700 3,500-5,200 6-15

Metric

Fibers

Properties of Synthetic Fibers

Synthetic fiber type

Relative density

Diameter, 0.001 in.

Tensile strength, ksi

Modulus of elasticity, ksi

Strain at failure, %

Acrylic 1.18 0.2-0.7 30-145 2,500-2,800 28-50

Aramid 1.44 0.4-0.47 300-450 9,000-17,000 2-3.5

Carbon 1.90 0.3-0.35 260-380 33,400-55,100 0.5-1.5

Nylon 1.14 0.9 140 750 20

Polyester 1.38 0.4-3.0 40-170 1,500-2,500 10-50

Poly-

ethylene0.96 1-40 11-85 725 12-100

Poly-

propylene0.90 0.8-8 65-100 500-750 6-15

Inch-Pound

Fibers

Properties of Natural Fibers

Natural fiber type

Relative density

Diameter, µm (0.001

in.)

Tensile strength, MPa (ksi)

Modulus of elasticity, MPa (ksi)

Strain at failure,

%

Wood cellulose

1.5025-125

(1-5)350-2000 (51-290)

10,000-40,000 (1,500-5,800)

Sisal280-600 (40-85)

13,000-25,000 (1,900-3,800)

3.5

Coconut 1.12-1.15100-400

(4-16)120-200 (17-29)

19,000-25,000 (2,800-3,800)

10-25

Bamboo 1.5050-400

(2-16)350-500 (51-73)

33,000-40,000 (4,800-5,800)

Jute 1.02-1.04100-200

(4-8)250-350 (36-51)

25,000-32,000 (3,800-4,600)

1.5-1.9

Elephant grass

425 180 (17)4,900

(26)4,900

(710)3.6