Fiber Optics: The Future Of The InternetLeonard David

OutlineFiber Optics What is it?Research QuestionsHistoryWhat it does todayTypes of CablesThe Future

Fiber Optics What Is It?Fiber Optics are cables that are made of optical fibers that can transmit large amounts of information at the speed of light. (www.dictionary.com)

Research QuestionsWhat can fiber optics do for us in the future?Improve our communicationFaster internet connectionWhat would the Internet look like if this could happen?Streaming capabilitiesDownload capabilitiesWhat is being done to make this transition happen?Government actionPrivate Companies at work

Research ResourcesInternet

Library

Magazines (IEEE)

History1961-Industry researchers Elias Snitzer and Will Hicks demonstrate a laser beam directed through a thin glass fiber. The fibers core is small enough that the light follows a single path, but most scientists still consider fibers unsuitable for communications because of the high loss of light across long distances. (www.greatachievements.com.)1970- Researchers find a way to super purify glass fibers.1980- At&t installs first set of fiber optic cables in major cities.

History1988- First transatlantic cable

1996- First transpacific cable

1997- First Fiber Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG)

PresentTelecommunications

Internet Access

Cable and Satellite Television

Decorative Light Source

The CableFiber Optic have three major characteristicsComposed of fibers either glass or plastic and sometimes both

Are very flexible

Have different tips

ComponentsOutside Jacket

Cladding

Core

Glass Fibers

CharacteristicsGlass Core

Glass Cladding

Ultra Pure Ultra Transparent Glass

Made Of Silicon Dioxide

Low Attenuation

Popular among industries

Plastic Fibers

CharacteristicsCore Generally Consists Of Polymethyl Methacrylate (Acrylic Glass) (PMMA) Coated With A Fluoropolymer

High Attenuation

Used Mostly In Automotives

Affordable

Very Durable

Plastic Clad-Silica(PCS)Glass Fiber Core sometimes silicone

Cladding is Plastic or silicone

Silicone covering and insulators

Not common

Has Defects

Government InvolvementUnited States Itself has fallen behind EuropePace of fiber optic expansion has started to speed up againResearch for having more soldiers at home base fighting using a robot

Private Companies InputSeveral Private Companies have offered large scale fiber optic networksUnderground networks are already in place and are being used by secret societiesUCSB itself has eight rings of fiber optic networks on campus

The Future

The Internet

Bandwidths of up to 10Gbps

Streaming Whole Movies in HD

Effortless video conferencing with no lagging

Gaming in HD quality that never lags

****Cladding-cover with a protective or insulating layer of other material*Made for long distances*transparent plastic used as a substitute for glass Teflon=fluoropolymer*First it has considerable plasticity, which makes connector application difficult. Second, adhesive bonding is not possible. And third, it is practically insoluble in organic solvents