Fiber Optic BackbonesFiber Optic Backbones

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What is Fiber Optics?

In its simplest terms, fiber optics is a medium for

carrying information from one point to another in the

form of light. Unlike the copper form of transmission,

fiber optics is not electrical in nature.

A basic fiber optic system consists of a transmitting

device, which generates the light signal; an optical fiber

cable, which carries the light; and a receiver, which

accepts the light signal transmitted. The fiber itself is

passive and does not contain any active, generative

properties

Advantages of Fiber Optic Cable?

Today fiber optics is either the dominant medium or a logical choice for every communication system.

1. Fiber enhances the reliability of networks while simultaneously

increasing transport capacity.

Telcos (Phone & Cable) use fiber to connect all their central

offices and long distance switches because it has thousands

of times the bandwidth of copper wire and can carry signals

hundreds of times further before needing a repeater

Copper wire has limitations and is susceptible to

interference. Fiber Optics has virtually unlimited potential

and is immune to electromagnetic radiation (EMR).

Security is greatly enhanced due to immunity from EMR

Types of Fiber Optics? Single-mode & Multi-mode

Both types of fiber are 125 microns in outside

diameter

Both types of fiber are composed of thin strands of

highly transparent glass

Both types of fiber use infrared wavelengths which are

outside the visible spectrum

Fiber Optics

Similarities

Types of Fiber Optics? Single-mode & Multi-mode

Differences – Multimode Differences – Singlemode

Light travels in the core in

many rays, called modes

LED sources at wavelengths of

850 and 1300 nm

Bigger core (Almost always

62.5 microns)

Currently – Most common LAN

fiber - Used only for short

distances and inside buildings

Fiber shrinks the core down so small

that the light can only travel in one ray

This increases the bandwidth to almost

infinity

Laser sources at 1300 and 1550 nm

Small Core ( 9 microns)

Currently – Used for Long Distances

applications and outside plant

Multimode Singlemode

Typical Construction Costs

Underground Construction$50,000 per mile for a 96 fiber cable

Overhead Construction$35,000 per mile for a 96 fiber cable

Installation Types (Underground vs. Overhead)

Advantages/Disadvantages of Underground Installation

1. No Annually Recurring Pole Attachment Fees2. Initial Construction Costs higher 3. Rodents are a problem (Pulled conduit or armored cable can relieve issue)4. Earthquakes

Advantages/Disadvantages of Overhead Installation

1. Initial Construction Costs less expensive than underground construction2. Annually Recurring Pole Attachment Fees ($15-45 per pole per year)3. Ice Storms4. Tornados

Fiber to the Curb (FTTC). Depends on copper wires or coaxial cable for last mile delivery

Fiber to the Node (FTTN). Depends on copper wires or coaxial cable for last mile delivery

Fiber Models

Hybrid fiber coaxial networks (HFC) Depends on copper wires or coaxial cable for last mile delivery

Fiber to the Premises (FTTP). Fiber optic communications delivery in which the fiber is run directly into the premises

Fiber Models

Active Optical Network (AON). Relies on active electronic equipment to distribute a signal.

Each signal leaving the Central Office is for that particular customers use

Active Optical Networks

PON vs. Point to Point Switched Ethernet

80 to 85 % of all FTTH deployments in North America are PON

GPON (ITU standard) versus GE-PON (IEEE standard )

BPON or GPON, V/s GE-PON

Passive Optical Networks (PON)

(PON) is a point-to-multipoint, fiber to the premises network architecture in which unpowered optical splitters are used to enable a single optical fiber to serve multiple premises

PONStandards:BPON • Defined in ITU G.939.3• ATM Protocol• 622 Mb/s Downstream• 155 Mb/s Upstream• 20 KM max from

CO/HE to subscriber

Standards in Passive Optical Networks (PON)

PONStandards:EPON • Defined in IEEE 802.3ah• Ethernet Protocol• 1.25 Gb/s Downstream• 1.25 Gb/s Upstream• 20 KM max from CO/HE to

subscriber

PONStandards:GPON • Defined in ITU G.984.2• ATM or Ethernet (GEM) Protocol• 2.488 Gb/s Downstream• 1.244 Gb/s Upstream• 20 KM max from CO/HE to

subscriber

Optical signal distributed from a central office from an optical network. At the customer premises optical network terminals (ONT’s) convert the optical signal into a electrical signal

Multiplexing Fiber Optics (GPON)

Multiplexing Fiber Optics (GPON)

Have two fibers but need more, Technology exists to multiplex fibers from one fiber up to 32 fibers with minimal db loss.

Provide for offsite backup

Offset the costs for future bandwidth needs

Provide high speed connectivity by utilizing a combination of proposed fiber segments and wireless hops

A number of studies rank the United States from 15th to 24th in penetration and

broadband speed.

Why do Communities need a Fiber Optic Backbone?

The status of broadband and its impact on small

business was the subject of a recent Senate

hearing. FCC Commissioner Michael Copps

testified that in many cases small businesses

can’t get connectivity and, when they can, it often

is pricey.

Small to Medium Businesses

SOURCE: WWW.REDHERRING.COM

Bandwidth Comparison

 MCI /

Verizon

Qwest Communications International

Inc

Sprint CovadSpeakeasy

IncGlobal

CrossingSavis Inc AT&T XO

ProductDSL 1.0M

OFFICE PLUSMOBILE

BROADBAND

DEDICATED T1

DEDICATED T1

DEDICATED INTERNET ACCESS

DEDICATED T1

AT&T YAHOO

HIGHSPEED ELITE PACKAGE

BUSINESS DSL

Basic Backbone Supplied

DSL DSL WiMAX T1 T1 T1 T1 DSL DSL

Down Speed Stream

1Mbps 1.5 to 7 Mbps 1 to 2 Mbps3 Mbps, 1.5Mbps, 768 Kbps

3 Mbps, 1.5Mbps, 768 Kbps

3 Mbps, 1.5Mbps, 768 Kbps

3 Mbps, 1.5Mbps, 768 Kbps

Up to 6 Mbps

1.5 Mbps

Up Speed Stream

1Mbps 869 Kbps500 to 700

Kbps3 Mbps, 1.5 Mbps

3 Mbps, 1.5 Mbps

3 Mbps, 1.5 Mbps

3 Mbps, 1.5 Mbps

768 Kbps 1.5 Mbps

Guaranteed Service

Commitment

Standard SLA

NO NOStandard

SLARobust SLA

Standard SLA

Standard SLA

NOStandard

SLA

Additional Services

Multiple network

Can add voiceIncludes

voice options

DSL, Bonded T1

DSL, Bonded T1, VoIP options

Options Scale up

from T1 to OC48 and

carrier grade

Options Scale up

from T1 to OC192

slower DSL

options, faster

solutions in

Enterprise lineup

T1 and higher options

available

CommentsRelativel

y high price

Good Value WiMAXGood Range of Options

Good Service and

Clear Options

Good Service

Robust Backbone

 

Good value

SOURCE: www.voip-news.com

Affordable High Speed information access is key to economic development. The proposed project will help the Cities by:

Attracting new companies into the area

Retain existing employers

Improve the overall Quality of life of all residents

Economic Development

The connection of the 21st century

The new economic generator

The new infrastructure

The new on / off ramp

The connection to the electronic

super worldwide highway

Why build Fiber Backbones?

Upload speed

Download speed

4535 4050 10 15 20 3025

SPEED (MEGABITS PER SECOND)

Speed Comparison

Dial- Up

DSL

Cable

Satellite

Fiber Optics

Key Issues:

Bandwidth! Bandwidth! Bandwidth!

As a minimum, provide a fiber optic backbone

for WI-FI back-haul.

WI-FI Implementation

HENDRICKS REGIONAL HEALTH (HRH)

HOSPITAL

DANVILLE, INDIANA

CASE STUDY

Connect all four campuses with a fiber optic backbone

Connect backbone to the Data Center or Point of Presence (POP) for offsite backup and Internet access

Procure system electronics

Hendricks Regional Health Project

The project was divided into three parts:

WORLDCOM

GLOBAL CROSSING

AT&T

MCLEOD

WILLIAMS

TIME WARNER

QUEST

Henry Street Data Center - Point of Presence (POP)

Children must be given the tools to

adequately prepare for entry into highly

competitive global market.

Connecting Public Libraries

Research

Distance Learning

Education

Improving Public Safety (POLICE)

Monitor Parks, Traffic, Schools

Monitor Water Treatment Plants

Increase Coordination between various

departments

Hospitals

Schools

Fire / Water

Government Offices

Utilities

Security & Coordination

Connect HRH sites with a High-Speed Backbone

( 10 Giga bits/sec)

Provide High Speed data communications for:

Medical imaging

Radiology

Telemedicine

MRI

Electronics

Most providers will only lease bandwidth

Some providers will Build fibers at your cost,

give you a small number of fibers and keep the

rest

Hurdles in Building or Leasing dark Fibers

Must have a Competitive Local Exchange Carrier

License (CLEC) to be in the Public Right of Way

Maximum IRU obtained will be 20 years, although

the life of a fiber optic cable is 30 years

Contract may be very restrictive

Hurdles in Building or Leasing dark Fibers

State laws prohibit building fibers in the Public

Right of Way unless you have a CLEC license

Cannot Co-locate in central office of a telephone

company

Competitive Local Exchange Carrier License (CLEC)

Cannot Build your own backbone; you can get a

20 year IRU under a third party CLEC License.

At the end of the IRU agreement the fiber reverts

back to the original owner and the Organization

has to then re-negotiate for use of the fiber.

Every time you want to build a new segment of

fiber, you will have to pay a CLEC licensed

company for use of their license

Disadvantages of not being a CLEC

Do your home work. Some providers with

excess fibers will lease you dark fibers

Hire an experienced Telecommunications

Attorney

Hire an experienced consultant

Recommendations for building or leasing dark fibers

Co-locate agreement

Bandwidth Purchase

Maintenance Agreements

Other Issues

The HRH Business The HRH Business ModelModel

HRH Business Model - Objectives

Expand existing bandwidth for present and

future needs

Offset costs for future bandwidth needs

Enhance information security by providing off-

site data storage

The HRH Business Model

Purchase Bandwidth or buy/install fiber optics for the primary communication between campuses???

The HRH Business Model

Cost of 96 fibers vs. 12 fibers

Construction costs identical

Cost/mile 96 fibers @ $.90/ft $ 4,752

Cost/mile 12 fibers @ $.41/ft $ 2,165

Cost differential for 18 miles $ 46,566

Allay construction costs by leasing spare fiber capacity to governmental/commercial entities

Local governments can provide public safety and educational broadband access

Commercial access to broadband can spur economic development

Providing reasonable fiber optic access creates community good will.

Benefits of Business Model

Connect all HRH Hospitals

Hendricks Regional Health (Existing Fiber Optic System)

Proposed New Fiber Optic Construction

1. HRH (Danville, IN)2. HRH (Plainfield, IN)3. HRH (Avon, IN)4. HRH (Brownsburg, IN)5. New HRH (Lizton, IN)6. Point of Presence

(Indianapolis, Indiana)

How the HRH Model has become a County Wide Network

HRH BACKBONE

INDIVIDUAL TOWN BACKBONES USING HRH FOR TRANSPORT TO POP

FUTURE CONSTRUCTION

How the HRH Model has become a County Wide Network

HRH BACKBONE Danville Fiber Optic Backbone

FUTURE CONSTRUCTION

How the HRH Model has become a County Wide Network

HRH BACKBONE Plainfield Fiber Optic Backbone

FUTURE CONSTRUCTION

Questions?