Fi Mhi f hC lD i fh GlffThildForcing Mechanisms for the ...tezer/PAPERS/2012_OSM_GoT_poster.pdf ·...
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2012 O Si M ti Fb 20 24 S lt Lk Cit Ut h S i 161 P t # B1734 2012 Ocean Sciences Meeting, February 20-24, Salt Lake City, Utah ; Session 161, Poster # B1734 F i M h i f h C lD i fh G lf f Th il d F i M h i f h C lD i fh G lf f Th il d Forcing Mechanisms for the Coastal Dynamics of the upper Gulf of Thailand Forcing Mechanisms for the Coastal Dynamics of the upper Gulf of Thailand Forcing Mechanisms for the Coastal Dynamics of the upper Gulf of Thailand Forcing Mechanisms for the Coastal Dynamics of the upper Gulf of Thailand Forcing Mechanisms for the Coastal Dynamics of the upper Gulf of Thailand Forcing Mechanisms for the Coastal Dynamics of the upper Gulf of Thailand Suriyan Saramul and Tal Ezer Suriyan Saramul and Tal Ezer Suriyan Saramul and Tal Ezer C t f C t lPh i l O h Old D ii Ui it N f lk Vi ii 23508 ( il 002@ d d t @d d ) Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23508 (e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] ) III R l III R l SST S C S C III Results III Results SST Interannual variations ABSTRACT ABSTRACT III. Results III. Results Interannual variations ABSTRACT ABSTRACT d ENSO A realistic sigma-coordinate ocean circulation model has been used to study the forcing and ENSO A realistic sigma coordinate ocean circulation model has been used to study the forcing Tid and ENSO mechanisms and coastal dynamics of the upper Gulf of Thailand (UGoT) which is strongly Tides mechanisms and coastal dynamics of the upper Gulf of Thailand (UGoT) which is strongly fl d b h l d d d influenced by the seasonal monsoon winds. Sensitivity experiments are conducted to influenced by the seasonal monsoon winds. Sensitivity experiments are conducted to i ti t th l f diff t f i h i d t td th tid l b tid l d investigate the role of different forcing mechanisms, and to study the tidal, sub-tidal and seasonal dynamics Model results are also compared with various observations The l l d d i SW seasonal dynamics. Model results are also compared with various observations. The Data source: large cloud cover during SW monsoon Å Æ influence of the wind stress on the shallow topography of the UGoT resulted in seasonal Data source: h // jl Å Æ influence of the wind stress on the shallow topography of the UGoT resulted in seasonal http://poet.jpl.nasa.gov shifts between clockwise and counter-clockwise circulations during the southwest and shifts between clockwise and counter-clockwise circulations during the southwest and northeast monsoons respectively Even with spatially constant surface forcing narrow Fig 2 (a) Water levels comparison between observed (blue) and model (red) at BPT station Mean of northeast monsoons, respectively . Even with spatially constant surface forcing, narrow Fig.2 (a) Water levels comparison between observed (blue) and model (red) at BPT station. Mean of Fig.5 (a) The sea surface temperature (SST) obtained from satellite for different years (b) % of clear sky plumes of anomalous temperatures are generated along the coast; the plumes are absolute error and SD of error are 0.09 and 0.07 m, respectively . The comparison between observed and Fig.5 (a) The sea surface temperature (SST) obtained from satellite for different years. (b) % of clear sky d i f th t llit dt Nt th ll t t i 1998 d th l l d plumes of anomalous temperatures are generated along the coast; the plumes are d d d h G lf b h ll hif i l S lli SST d absolute error and SD of error are 0.09 and 0.07 m, respectively . The comparison between observed and model (b) amplitude and (c) phase are also shown derives from the same satellite data. Note the unusually warm temperatures in 1998 and the large cloud advected around the Gulf by the seasonally shifting coastal currents. Satellite SST data model (b) amplitude and (c) phase are also shown. coverage during the summer months (April-September) ll ith th i ltd ti l t t Th i fl f ENSO lt d i coverage during the summer months (April-September). generally agrees with the simulated spatial structure. The influence of ENSO resulted in upto 2 4 o C interannual variations in water temperatures in the Gulf d b dl l upto 2-4 o C interannual variations in water temperatures in the Gulf . Winds & sub-tidal circulation Winds & sub tidal circulation ( IIt d ti IIt d ti ( I. Introduction I. Introduction ( I. Introduction I. Introduction ( h lf f h il d ( ) h ll i l d b i ih d d h f The upper Gulf of Thailand (UGoT), a shallow semi-enclosed basin with an averaged depth of 15 m, is strongly influenced by the monsoonal system Previous hydrodynamics models of the upper Gulf is strongly influenced by the monsoonal system. Previous hydrodynamics models of the upper Gulf, indicate clockwise/counter-clockwise circulation patterns during summer SW/winter NW Model errors indicate clockwise/counter-clockwise circulation patterns during summer SW/winter NW Model errors monsoons; models do not always agreed with observations (e. g., discrepancy found in July; monsoons; models do not always agreed with observations (e. g., discrepancy found in July; B th t t l 2008 2009) Th it ti th UG T ith th l G lf i l Buranapratheprat et al. 2008, 2009). The interaction or the UGoT with the lower Gulf is also unclear as is the influence of ENSO Since the upper Gulf is very shallow and located at low unclear, as is the influence of ENSO. Since the upper Gulf is very shallow and located at low (c) latitudes (where the Coriolis effect is expected to be small) the mechanisms that control the (c) latitudes (where the Coriolis effect is expected to be small), the mechanisms that control the i l i d f h h h l f f h b i f h d i circulation need further research, as are the role of factors that may be important for the dynamics (i e wind surface heat fluxes friction buoyancy Coriolis tides etc ) (i.e., wind, surface heat fluxes, friction, buoyancy, Coriolis, tides, etc.). Fig.3 A residual current velocity field and average surface elevation (color in m) for (a) NE and (b) SW Fig.6 (a) Comparison between objectively analyzed SST (solid line) satellite SST (asterisks) and local model II Methodology II Methodology monsoons The wind is the main force that pile up water (especially in b) The clockwise and counter Fig.6 (a) Comparison between objectively analyzed SST (solid line), satellite SST (asterisks) and local model SST (d hd li ) f 1998 (El Ni i bl ) d 2000 (L Ni i d) Th SST bt i d f th II. Methodology II. Methodology monsoons. The wind is the main force that pile up water (especially in b). The clockwise and counter- SST (dashed line) for 1998 (El Nino year, in blue) and 2000 (La Nina year, in red). The SST obtained from the clockwise circulations during SW and NE monsoon, respectively, are in general agreement with previous model is over estimated especially during the SW monsoon the period that cloud was almost fully covered Th Pi O Mdl (POM M ll 2004) 3 D i ii i dl i d clockwise circulations during SW and NE monsoon, respectively, are in general agreement with previous lt (B th t 2008 2009) bt th ll l tt l f d model is over estimated especially during the SW monsoon, the period that cloud was almost fully covered () ff • The Princeton Ocean Model (POM,Mellor , 2004), a 3-D primitive equations model is used. results (Buranapratheprat, 2008, 2009), but other small-scale patterns are also found. the area. (b) The multivariate ENSO index might explain the differences between 1998 and 2000; the exact • Grid: 111X96 horizontal grid cells (~1 km resolution) and 21 vertical sigma layers mechanism needs further research (c) The monthly mean absolute model error of SST and standard • Grid: 111X96 horizontal grid cells (~1 km resolution) and 21 vertical sigma layers. mechanism needs further research. (c) The monthly mean absolute model error of SST and standard • Tidal forcing: 8 constituents based on 2 tide gauges near the southern open boundary deviation. The errors are larger during times of large cloud cover and during the El Nino year (1998). G ti ft t l Tidal forcing: 8 constituents based on 2 tide gauges near the southern open boundary . / deviation. The errors are larger during times of large cloud cover and during the El Nino year (1998). Generation of temperature plumes • Surface heat flux: includes air-sea feedback (see Ezer , 2000) and cloud/% clear sky effect (F) Surface heat flux: includes air sea feedback (see Ezer , 2000) and cloud/% clear sky effect (F) h t di ti ( f l bl ) on short wave radiation (see formula below) • Twice daily wind stress (and heat fluxes above) from the global analysis of Yu et al (2008) IV Conclusions IV Conclusions • Twice daily wind stress (and heat fluxes above) from the global analysis of Yu et al. (2008) IV. Conclusions IV. Conclusions 1 The model water level is in good agreement with observed water levels The absolute error 1. The model water level is in good agreement with observed water levels. The absolute error and standard deviation of absolute error are 0.09 and 0.07 m, respectively . and standard deviation of absolute error are 0.09 and 0.07 m, respectively . 2 Th dl h l k i d l k i i l i d i NE 2. The model generates the counter-clockwise and strong clockwise circulations during NE d SW ti l hi h t b t l id di Q T and Q are obtained from: > http://dss ucar edu and SW monsoon, respectively, which seem to be strongly wind driven. Q c , T c and Q s are obtained from:-> http://dss.ucar.edu 3 Warmer shelf waters and associated near coast plumes are generated despite the fact that (Yu et al 2008) 3. Warmer shelf waters and associated near coast plumes are generated, despite the fact that (Yu et al. 2008) heat flux wind stress and SST in the model are spatially constant (river discharge is also heat flux, wind stress and SST in the model are spatially constant (river discharge is also neglected in the model for now so there are no fresh water plumes) neglected in the model for now so there are no fresh water plumes). 4. The mechanism that pushes water from the lower Gulf to the upper Gulf is unclear, so it 4. The mechanism that pushes water from the lower Gulf to the upper Gulf is unclear, so it i f h di h i i b h G lf d h l G lf requires further studies on the interaction between the upper Gulf and the lower Gulf . 5 Ob d d dl SST diff bt 1998 d 2000 f t 2 4°C i ht b d 5. Observed and model SST differences between 1998 and 2000 of up to 2-4°C might be due to ENSO but the exact mechanism in which large scale Pacific variations impact a small bay to ENSO, but the exact mechanism in which large-scale Pacific variations impact a small bay such as the UGoT needs further research such as the UGoT needs further research. Rf Rf References References References References B th t A K O Ni T Y i S Mt d P S ji 2009 Ci l ti i th Buranapratheprat, A., K. O. Niemann, T . Yanagi, S. Matsumura, and P . Sojisuporn, 2009. Circulation in the upper Gulf of Thailand investigated using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model Burapha Sci J upper Gulf of Thailand investigated using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. Burapha Sci. J., ( ) 14(1), 99-113. Buranapratheprat A T Yanagi and S Matsumura 2008 Seasonal variation in water column conditions in Buranapratheprat, A., T . Yanagi, and S. Matsumura, 2008. Seasonal variation in water column conditions in the upper Gulf of Thailand. Cont. Shelf Res. 28, 2509-2522. the upper Gulf of Thailand. Cont. Shelf Res. 28, 2509 2522. E T 2000 O th l i d l i ltd b b i l dl d th M ll Y d Ezer , T ., 2000. On the seasonal mixed layer simulated by a basin-scale ocean model and the Mellor-Yamada turbulence scheme JGR 105(C7) 16 843-16 855 turbulence scheme. JGR, 105(C7), 16,843 16,855. M ll G L 2004 U id f h di i l i ii i i l dl (J Mellor, G. L., 2004. Users guide for a three-dimensional, primitive equation, numerical ocean model (June Fig 4 Comparison of spatial distribution of SST between satellite and model results on January 30 2000 2004) User guide Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Princeton University 56 pp Fig.4 Comparison of spatial distribution of SST between satellite and model results on January 30, 2000 2004). User guide, Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, 56 pp., (a&b) and June 2000 (monthly average) (c&d). Note the warmer plume near the coast despite the spatially Princeton, NJ. constant heat fluxes and wind forcing and the model and observed plumes (a&b) of warmer water that Yu L X Jin and R A Weller 2008 Multidecade Global Flux Datasets from the Objectively Analyzed Air sea Fig.1 The model grid, topography (color), tide gauges (blue dots) and current velocity stations (green dots). constant heat fluxes and wind forcing, and the model and observed plumes (a&b) of warmer water that Yu, L., X. Jin, and R. A. Weller, 2008. Multidecade Global Flux Datasets from the Objectively Analyzed Air-sea Fig.1 The model grid, topography (color), tide gauges (blue dots) and current velocity stations (green dots). The model is forced b astronomical tides at the bo ndar (bl e line) seem to intrudes into the upper Gulf along the south eastern boundary probably from the lower Gulf . Fluxes (OAFlux) Project: Latent and sensible heat fluxes, ocean evaporation, and related surface The model is forced by astronomical tides at the boundary (blue line). seem to intrudes into the upper Gulf along the south eastern boundary probably from the lower Gulf . Fluxes (OAFlux) Project: Latent and sensible heat fluxes, ocean evaporation, and related surface t l i l i bl OA 2008 1 W d Hl O hi I tit ti 64 meteorological variables. OA-2008-1, Wood Hole Oceanographic Institution, 64 pp.
Transcript of Fi Mhi f hC lD i fh GlffThildForcing Mechanisms for the ...tezer/PAPERS/2012_OSM_GoT_poster.pdf ·...
2012 O S i M ti F b 20 24 S lt L k Cit Ut h S i 161 P t # B17342012 Ocean Sciences Meeting, February 20-24, Salt Lake City, Utah ; Session 161, Poster # B1734 g, y , y, ; ,
F i M h i f h C l D i f h G lf f Th il dF i M h i f h C l D i f h G lf f Th il dForcing Mechanisms for the Coastal Dynamics of the upper Gulf of ThailandForcing Mechanisms for the Coastal Dynamics of the upper Gulf of ThailandForcing Mechanisms for the Coastal Dynamics of the upper Gulf of ThailandForcing Mechanisms for the Coastal Dynamics of the upper Gulf of ThailandForcing Mechanisms for the Coastal Dynamics of the upper Gulf of ThailandForcing Mechanisms for the Coastal Dynamics of the upper Gulf of Thailandg y ppg y ppSuriyan Saramul and Tal EzerSuriyan Saramul and Tal EzerSuriyan Saramul and Tal Ezery
C t f C t l Ph i l O h Old D i i U i it N f lk Vi i i 23508 ( il 002@ d d t @ d d )Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23508 (e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] )y g p y, y, , g ( @ ; @ )
III R lIII R l SSTS CS C III ResultsIII Results SST Interannual variationsABSTRACTABSTRACT III. ResultsIII. Results Interannual variations ABSTRACTABSTRACT
d ENSOA realistic sigma-coordinate ocean circulation model has been used to study the forcing and ENSOA realistic sigma coordinate ocean circulation model has been used to study the forcingTid
and ENSOmechanisms and coastal dynamics of the upper Gulf of Thailand (UGoT) which is strongly Tidesmechanisms and coastal dynamics of the upper Gulf of Thailand (UGoT) which is strongly
fl d b h l d d dinfluenced by the seasonal monsoon winds. Sensitivity experiments are conducted toinfluenced by the seasonal monsoon winds. Sensitivity experiments are conducted toi ti t th l f diff t f i h i d t t d th tid l b tid l dinvestigate the role of different forcing mechanisms, and to study the tidal, sub-tidal andg g , y ,seasonal dynamics Model results are also compared with various observations The l l d d i SWseasonal dynamics. Model results are also compared with various observations. The Data source:large cloud cover during SW monsoon
influence of the wind stress on the shallow topography of the UGoT resulted in seasonalData source:
h // j linfluence of the wind stress on the shallow topography of the UGoT resulted in seasonal http://poet.jpl.nasa.govshifts between clockwise and counter-clockwise circulations during the southwest and
p //p jp gshifts between clockwise and counter-clockwise circulations during the southwest andnortheast monsoons respectively Even with spatially constant surface forcing narrow Fig 2 (a) Water levels comparison between observed (blue) and model (red) at BPT station Mean ofnortheast monsoons, respectively. Even with spatially constant surface forcing, narrow Fig.2 (a) Water levels comparison between observed (blue) and model (red) at BPT station. Mean of Fig.5 (a) The sea surface temperature (SST) obtained from satellite for different years (b) % of clear skyplumes of anomalous temperatures are generated along the coast; the plumes are absolute error and SD of error are 0.09 and 0.07 m, respectively. The comparison between observed and Fig.5 (a) The sea surface temperature (SST) obtained from satellite for different years. (b) % of clear sky
d i f th t llit d t N t th ll t t i 1998 d th l l dplumes of anomalous temperatures are generated along the coast; the plumes ared d d h G lf b h ll hif i l S lli SST d
absolute error and SD of error are 0.09 and 0.07 m, respectively. The comparison between observed andmodel (b) amplitude and (c) phase are also shown derives from the same satellite data. Note the unusually warm temperatures in 1998 and the large cloud
advected around the Gulf by the seasonally shifting coastal currents. Satellite SST data model (b) amplitude and (c) phase are also shown. coverage during the summer months (April-September)y y gll ith th i l t d ti l t t Th i fl f ENSO lt d i
coverage during the summer months (April-September).generally agrees with the simulated spatial structure. The influence of ENSO resulted ing y g pupto 2 4oC interannual variations in water temperatures in the Gulf d b d l lupto 2-4oC interannual variations in water temperatures in the Gulf. Winds & sub-tidal circulationWinds & sub tidal circulation
(I I t d tiI I t d ti (I. IntroductionI. Introduction (I. IntroductionI. Introduction (h lf f h il d ( ) h ll i l d b i i h d d h f
(The upper Gulf of Thailand (UGoT), a shallow semi-enclosed basin with an averaged depth of 15 m,pp ( ), g p ,is strongly influenced by the monsoonal system Previous hydrodynamics models of the upper Gulfis strongly influenced by the monsoonal system. Previous hydrodynamics models of the upper Gulf,indicate clockwise/counter-clockwise circulation patterns during summer SW/winter NW Model errorsindicate clockwise/counter-clockwise circulation patterns during summer SW/winter NW Model errorsmonsoons; models do not always agreed with observations (e.g., discrepancy found in July;monsoons; models do not always agreed with observations (e.g., discrepancy found in July;B th t t l 2008 2009) Th i t ti th UG T ith th l G lf i lBuranapratheprat et al. 2008, 2009). The interaction or the UGoT with the lower Gulf is alsop punclear as is the influence of ENSO Since the upper Gulf is very shallow and located at lowunclear, as is the influence of ENSO. Since the upper Gulf is very shallow and located at low (c)latitudes (where the Coriolis effect is expected to be small) the mechanisms that control the
(c)latitudes (where the Coriolis effect is expected to be small), the mechanisms that control thei l i d f h h h l f f h b i f h d icirculation need further research, as are the role of factors that may be important for the dynamics, y p y
(i e wind surface heat fluxes friction buoyancy Coriolis tides etc )(i.e., wind, surface heat fluxes, friction, buoyancy, Coriolis, tides, etc.).
Fig.3 A residual current velocity field and average surface elevation (color in m) for (a) NE and (b) SW Fig.6 (a) Comparison between objectively analyzed SST (solid line) satellite SST (asterisks) and local modelII MethodologyII Methodology
g y g ( ) ( ) ( )monsoons The wind is the main force that pile up water (especially in b) The clockwise and counter
Fig.6 (a) Comparison between objectively analyzed SST (solid line), satellite SST (asterisks) and local modelSST (d h d li ) f 1998 (El Ni i bl ) d 2000 (L Ni i d) Th SST bt i d f thII. MethodologyII. Methodology monsoons. The wind is the main force that pile up water (especially in b). The clockwise and counter- SST (dashed line) for 1998 (El Nino year, in blue) and 2000 (La Nina year, in red). The SST obtained from thegygy
clockwise circulations during SW and NE monsoon, respectively, are in general agreement with previous model is over estimated especially during the SW monsoon the period that cloud was almost fully coveredTh P i O M d l (POM M ll 2004) 3 D i i i i d l i d
clockwise circulations during SW and NE monsoon, respectively, are in general agreement with previouslt (B th t 2008 2009) b t th ll l tt l f d
model is over estimated especially during the SW monsoon, the period that cloud was almost fully covered( ) ff• The Princeton Ocean Model (POM,Mellor, 2004), a 3-D primitive equations model is used. results (Buranapratheprat, 2008, 2009), but other small-scale patterns are also found. the area. (b) The multivariate ENSO index might explain the differences between 1998 and 2000; the exact( , , ), p q
• Grid: 111X96 horizontal grid cells (~1 km resolution) and 21 vertical sigma layers( ) g p ;
mechanism needs further research (c) The monthly mean absolute model error of SST and standard• Grid: 111X96 horizontal grid cells (~1 km resolution) and 21 vertical sigma layers. mechanism needs further research. (c) The monthly mean absolute model error of SST and standard• Tidal forcing: 8 constituents based on 2 tide gauges near the southern open boundary deviation. The errors are larger during times of large cloud cover and during the El Nino year (1998).G ti f t t lTidal forcing: 8 constituents based on 2 tide gauges near the southern open boundary.
/deviation. The errors are larger during times of large cloud cover and during the El Nino year (1998).Generation of temperature plumes
• Surface heat flux: includes air-sea feedback (see Ezer, 2000) and cloud/% clear sky effect (F)Generation of temperature plumes
Surface heat flux: includes air sea feedback (see Ezer, 2000) and cloud/% clear sky effect (F)h t di ti ( f l b l )on short wave radiation (see formula below)
• Twice daily wind stress (and heat fluxes above) from the global analysis of Yu et al (2008) IV ConclusionsIV Conclusions• Twice daily wind stress (and heat fluxes above) from the global analysis of Yu et al. (2008) IV. ConclusionsIV. Conclusions1 The model water level is in good agreement with observed water levels The absolute error1.The model water level is in good agreement with observed water levels. The absolute error
and standard deviation of absolute error are 0.09 and 0.07 m, respectively.and standard deviation of absolute error are 0.09 and 0.07 m, respectively.2 Th d l h l k i d l k i i l i d i NE2.The model generates the counter-clockwise and strong clockwise circulations during NEg g g
d SW ti l hi h t b t l i d d iQ T and Q are obtained from: > http://dss ucar edu and SW monsoon, respectively, which seem to be strongly wind driven.Qc, Tc and Qs are obtained from:-> http://dss.ucar.edu p y g y3 Warmer shelf waters and associated near coast plumes are generated despite the fact that(Yu et al 2008) 3.Warmer shelf waters and associated near coast plumes are generated, despite the fact that(Yu et al. 2008)
heat flux wind stress and SST in the model are spatially constant (river discharge is alsoheat flux, wind stress and SST in the model are spatially constant (river discharge is alsoneglected in the model for now so there are no fresh water plumes)neglected in the model for now so there are no fresh water plumes).
4.The mechanism that pushes water from the lower Gulf to the upper Gulf is unclear, so it4.The mechanism that pushes water from the lower Gulf to the upper Gulf is unclear, so iti f h di h i i b h G lf d h l G lfrequires further studies on the interaction between the upper Gulf and the lower Gulf.q pp
5 Ob d d d l SST diff b t 1998 d 2000 f t 2 4°C i ht b d5.Observed and model SST differences between 1998 and 2000 of up to 2-4°C might be duep gto ENSO but the exact mechanism in which large scale Pacific variations impact a small bayto ENSO, but the exact mechanism in which large-scale Pacific variations impact a small baysuch as the UGoT needs further researchsuch as the UGoT needs further research.
R fR fReferencesReferencesReferencesReferencesB th t A K O Ni T Y i S M t d P S ji 2009 Ci l ti i thBuranapratheprat, A., K. O. Niemann, T. Yanagi, S. Matsumura, and P. Sojisuporn, 2009. Circulation in the
upper Gulf of Thailand investigated using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model Burapha Sci Jupper Gulf of Thailand investigated using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. Burapha Sci. J.,( )14(1), 99-113.( ),
Buranapratheprat A T Yanagi and S Matsumura 2008 Seasonal variation in water column conditions inBuranapratheprat, A., T. Yanagi, and S. Matsumura, 2008. Seasonal variation in water column conditions inthe upper Gulf of Thailand. Cont. Shelf Res. 28, 2509-2522.the upper Gulf of Thailand. Cont. Shelf Res. 28, 2509 2522.
E T 2000 O th l i d l i l t d b b i l d l d th M ll Y dEzer, T., 2000. On the seasonal mixed layer simulated by a basin-scale ocean model and the Mellor-Yamadaturbulence scheme JGR 105(C7) 16 843-16 855turbulence scheme. JGR, 105(C7), 16,843 16,855.
M ll G L 2004 U id f h di i l i i i i i l d l (JMellor, G. L., 2004. Users guide for a three-dimensional, primitive equation, numerical ocean model (JuneFig 4 Comparison of spatial distribution of SST between satellite and model results on January 30 2000
g p q (2004) User guide Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Princeton University 56 ppFig.4 Comparison of spatial distribution of SST between satellite and model results on January 30, 2000 2004). User guide, Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, 56 pp.,
(a&b) and June 2000 (monthly average) (c&d). Note the warmer plume near the coast despite the spatially Princeton, NJ.( ) ( y g ) ( ) p p p yconstant heat fluxes and wind forcing and the model and observed plumes (a&b) of warmer water that
,Yu L X Jin and R A Weller 2008 Multidecade Global Flux Datasets from the Objectively Analyzed Air seaFig.1 The model grid, topography (color), tide gauges (blue dots) and current velocity stations (green dots). constant heat fluxes and wind forcing, and the model and observed plumes (a&b) of warmer water that Yu, L., X. Jin, and R. A. Weller, 2008. Multidecade Global Flux Datasets from the Objectively Analyzed Air-seaFig.1 The model grid, topography (color), tide gauges (blue dots) and current velocity stations (green dots).
The model is forced b astronomical tides at the bo ndar (bl e line) seem to intrudes into the upper Gulf along the south eastern boundary probably from the lower Gulf. Fluxes (OAFlux) Project: Latent and sensible heat fluxes, ocean evaporation, and related surfaceThe model is forced by astronomical tides at the boundary (blue line). seem to intrudes into the upper Gulf along the south eastern boundary probably from the lower Gulf. Fluxes (OAFlux) Project: Latent and sensible heat fluxes, ocean evaporation, and related surfacet l i l i bl OA 2008 1 W d H l O hi I tit ti 64meteorological variables. OA-2008-1, Wood Hole Oceanographic Institution, 64 pp.
