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Site Engineering for

LANDSCAPEARCHITECTS WORKBOOK

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SECON D EDITI ON

Jake Woland

Site Engineering for

LANDSCAPEARCHITECTS WORKBOOK

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

To Accompany Site Engineering for Landscape Architects, Sixth Edition

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Cover Illustration: Courtesy of Jake WolandCover Design: David Riedy

This book is printed on acid-free paper. ∞Copyright © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.Published simultaneously in Canada.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

978-1-118-09085-5

Printed in the United States of America

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Contents

Introduction vii

QUESTIONS

Chapter 1 Site Engineering IS Design 3

Chapter 2 Grading Constraints 7

Chapter 3 Contours and Form 11

Chapter 4 Interpolation and Slope 17

Chapter 5 Grading of Simple Design Elements 21

Chapter 6 Grading Process 27

Chapter 7 Soils in Construction 39

Chapter 8 Earthwork 45

Chapter 9 Storm Water Management 49

Chapter 10 Storm Water Management System Components 51

Chapter 11 Soil Erosion and Sediment Control 55

Chapter 12 Determining Rates and Volumes of Storm Runoff : Th e Rational and Modifi ed Rational Methods 57

Chapter 13 Natural Resources Conservation Service Methods of Estimating Runoff  Rates, Volumes, and Required Detention Storage 63

Chapter 14 Designing and Sizing Storm Water Management Systems 65

Chapter 15 Site Layout and Dimensioning 69

Chapter 16 Horizontal Road Alignment 73

Chapter 17 Vertical Road Alignment 77

ANSWERS

Chapter 2 Grading Constraints 83

Chapter 3 Contours and Form 85

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Chapter 4 Interpolation and Slope 87

Chapter 5 Grading of Simple Design Elements 93

Chapter 6 Grading Process 99

Chapter 7 Soils in Construction 109

Chapter 8 Earthwork 113

Chapter 9 Storm Water Management 119

Chapter 10 Storm Water Management System Components 121

Chapter 11 Soil Erosion and Sediment Control 123

Chapter 12 Determining Rates and Volumes of Storm Runoff : Th e Rational and Modifi ed Rational Methods 125

Chapter 13 Natural Resources Conservation Service Methods of Estimating Runoff  Rates, Volumes, and Required Detention Storage 131

Chapter 14 Designing and Sizing Storm Water Management Systems 133

Chapter 15 Site Layout and Dimensioning 137

Chapter 16 Horizontal Road Alignment 141

Chapter 17 Vertical Road Alignment 147

vi | contents

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This workbook has been introduced to comple-ment the 6th edition of Site Engineering for Landscape Architects. It has been designed as a study tool to reinforce concepts from the textbook. The questions presented in the workbook can be used in the classroom, as well as by individuals as a self-study tool, with the ultimate goal of helping prepare individuals for taking the LARE or other licensing exams.

The workbook is organized with a chapter of questions and a separate chapter of answers that correspond to the respective chapter in the text-book. As necessary, tables and graphics from the textbook required to solve questions posed in the  workbook have been reprinted in the appro-priate chapters. The questions in each chapter are generally of four types:

1. Observations

2. Short-answer questions

3. Long-answer questions

4. Graphic questions

In some chapters, all four types of questions may be presented, whereas in others, only one or two types may be presented. This depends on the material being covered. A detailed explanation of the different types of questions follows.

OBSERVATIONS

Landscape architecture is a profession that requires lifelong learning. The observation ques-tions in the workbook are meant to call your atten-tion to elements of designing with landforms that pose particular challenges that you will encounter throughout your career. These observations will serve as a baseline of inspiration for dealing with the different types of design problems you will face in the coming years. It is recommended that you keep a journal that traces these observations with both narrative and images. Develop this documen-tation in whatever form you are comfortable with.

Photo documentation of these observations is critical in order to have the information avail-able as you progress in your career. It is highly recommended that you spend time not only pho-tographing your observations but also geolocating them along with the pertinent narrative informa-tion using software such as Google EarthTM for later use. A Facebook page (www.facebook.com/SiteEngineeringForLandscapeArchitects) has been created to provide a consolidated location for stu-dents to upload geolocated photos with a brief description in the different categories of observa-tion provided throughout the workbook. The author

Introduction

vii

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will curate these images into a growing compen-dium of examples of excellence in site engineer-ing. Your participation is encouraged to make this a robust resource. Students submitting excellent photographs may be solicited for inclusion of the photographs in future versions of the textbook.

Answers for observation questions are not pro-vided in the Answers section of the workbook.

SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS

The short-answer questions may take several forms. Fill-in-the-blank, multiple-choice, and mathemati-cal word questions will be combined throughout, depending on the material being emphasized. These questions are meant to reinforce the mate-rial presented in each chapter and offer a way to quickly study the basic information in the chapter.

LONG-ANSWER QUESTIONS

The long-answer questions are used to focus atten-tion on multifaceted concepts and more complex

issues of design. They require a more in-depth understanding of the basic information in the chapter.

GRAPHIC QUESTIONS

The graphic questions offer opportunities to apply the knowledge gained from the chapter. They are designed to increase in complexity within each chapter. In most cases, the answers presented in the Answers section of the work-book are but one of various possible solutions to each question.

In summary, the workbook is designed to help beginning designers build confi dence in using the concepts of site engineering while also allowing practitioners to sharpen their skills in preparation for the licensing exam. It will also help broaden the understanding of the material through observa-tion and application of knowledge, which are both critical to successfully applying these skills to real projects.

viii | introduction

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QUESTIONS

1

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C H A P T E R 1Questions

1.1

Explore as many of the following types of land-scapes as possible, both early in your study of this material and after you have developed a greater understanding of the material. As you experi-ence these places, think about how the use of landform in the design affects your experience. Does it provide a sequence of experience? Does it evoke a certain feeling or emotion? How does the landform interact with plantings and other designed elements to create the overall composi-tion? Are there things about the landform that you would change to improve your experience of the place?

Take photographs of the places you explore and upload the photos to the Site Engineering for Landscape Architects Facebook page (https://www.facebook.com/SiteEngineeringForLandscapeArchitects). Please provide geolocation information

and a brief description of your observation with any uploaded photos.

Types of places to explore:

• Residences of different types and scales

• State and national parks

• University or college campuses

• Corporate campuses

• Athletic fi elds

• Civic spaces/places — city hall, post offi ce, library, courthouse

• Places of worship

1.2

Search your local area and identify roads of the fol-lowing types that you will revisit throughout your study of site engineering. As you take the time to explore and identify these roads, observe how the

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road and its adjacent conditions interact. Can you tell whether the road has been fi t into the land-scape, leaving its surroundings largely intact, or whether the landscape has been altered to accom-modate the road and adjacent development?

Take photographs of the streets, roads, and high-ways and upload the photos to the Site Engineering for Landscape Architects Facebook page.

Road types to assess:

• Residential street in a new development.

• Residential street in an older part of town.

• A stretch of highway with a diversity of different landscapes adjacent to it. This could include urban, suburban, and rural residential devel-opment; farmland; and industrial and natural landscapes.

• A winding rural road.

• A road in a local, state, or national park.

1.3

Find a construction site near where you live that will be relatively easy to visit and observe over time. (Obtain offi cial permission as necessary to enter each location for observation.) You will be visiting this site as you learn more about the various top-ics involved with site engineering. The more com-plex the construction, the better example it will be to use in this series of observations. To show the progress of the construction, take photographs of the site at least weekly.

Take photographs of the construction site and upload the photos to the Site Engineering for Landscape Architects Facebook page.

1.4

Find a local habitat restoration to visit. (Obtain offi cial permission as necessary to enter each location for observation.) Research in advance a description of the landscape development of the restoration. What role did landform play in restor-ing this habitat? As you visit the site, can you tell that there has been construction on the site? Does the restoration have a clear boundary, or does the site blend well with the surrounding landscape?

Take photographs of the habitat restoration and upload the photos to the Site Engineering for Landscape Architects Facebook page.

1.5

Sketch, photograph, or create a collage of one of your favorite places, designed or not. To accom-pany your imagery, write a narrative of the place that answers the following questions:

• How is the character of this place affected by the landforms of which it is composed?

• How do the landforms interact with the plant life to create the place?

• How would you change the landform to improve this place?

• If it is a designed landscape, to what type of character described in the textbook does it most closely correspond?

• Do the different spatial considerations men-tioned in the reading play a part in your experi-ence of the place?

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• Are there particular environmental functions that appear to be a part of the composition of the place?

1.6

Model in the medium with which you are most comfortable (either digital or physical) a landform or series of landforms that you feel conveys one or more of the emotions below. If you are creating a physical model, make it at least 12" 3 12" in size.

Take photographs of screen shots of your model and upload them to the Site Engineering for Landscape Architects Facebook page.

• anger

• joy

• sadness

• excitement

• surprise

• fear

• hope

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