Topic: A NEW DEAL for engagement in fragile states: a case of Somalia

FFD MOOC FINAL PROJECT

WRITTEN and SUBMITTED BYKhalid Mohamed MOHAMUD

  İstanbul, 2015

What is new deal?

• The “New Deal”, presented in this document, is based on the Paris Declaration (2005), the Principles of Good International Engagement in Fragile Situations (2007), the Kinshasa Statement (2008), the Accra Agenda for Action (2008), the Dili Declaration and consecutive g7+ Statements (2010-2011), the Monrovia Roadmap (2011), and the work undertaken by “the Dialogue” working groups.13 It also acknowledges that the Principles and Good Practices of Humanitarian Donorship will be followed with respect to humanitarian action.

• The Cairo conference on Capacity Development (February 2011), the Addis Ababa meeting on Peacebuilding and Statebuilding (September 2011), and the g7+ Juba Ministerial Retreat (October 2011) have contributed to shaping and building consensus around the New Deal. Recognizing that building peaceful states requires long-term efforts and incremental approaches, we will implement the “New Deal” between 2012-2015, as a trial period.

THE FACTS

• • 1.5 billion people live in conflict-affected and fragile states.

• • About 70% of fragile states have seen conflict since 1989.

• • Basic governance transformations may take 20-40 years.

• • 30% of ODA is spent in fragile and conflict-affected contexts.

• • These countries are furthest away from achieving the MDGs.

THE VISION

• We, the members of the International Dialogue on Peacebuilding and Statebuilding (“the Dialogue”), comprised of the g7+ group of 19 fragile and conflict affected countries, development partners, and international organizations, believe that a new development architecture and new ways of working, better tailored to the situation and challenges of fragile contexts, are necessary to build peaceful states and societies. These are presented in the New Deal for Engagement in Fragile States (the “New Deal”).

• The “New Deal”, which builds on the vision and principles articulated from the Millennium Declaration to the Monrovia Roadmap, proposes key peacebuilding and statebuilding goals, focuses on new ways of engaging, and identifies commitments to build mutual trust and achieve better results in fragile states. We recognize that the success of our combined effort depends on the leadership and commitment of the g7+ group of fragile states supported by international actors. We also recognize that constructive state-society relations, and the empowerment of women, youth and marginalized groups, as key actors for peace, are at the heart of successful peacebuilding and statebuilding. They are essential to deliver the New Deal.

• THE NEW DEAL We, the members of “”the Dialogue”, endorse the “New Deal” and commit to undertake the necessary actions and reforms to implement it. We agree to use the Peacebuilding and Statebuilding Goals (PSGs), as an important foundation to enable progress towards the MDGs to guide our work in fragile and conflict-affected states. By September 2012, a set of indicators for each goal will have been developed by fragile states and international partners, which will allow us to track progress at the global and the country level.

• We commit to FOCUS on new ways of engaging, to support inclusive country led and country owned transitions out of fragility based on a country-led fragility assessment developed by the g7+ with the support of international partners, a country-led one vision and one plan, a country compact to implement the plan, using the PSGs to monitor progress, and support inclusive and participatory political dialogue. We commit to build mutual TRUST by providing aid and managing resources more effectively and aligning these resources for results. We will enhance transparency, risk management to use country systems, strengthen national capacities and time, improving the speed and predictability of funding to achieve better results.

THE NEW DEAL: The details

• I. Peacebuilding and Statebuilding Goals - PSGs We, the members of “the Dialogue”, agree to use the Peacebuilding and Statebuilding Goals (PSGs) as an important foundation to enable progress towards the MDGs and to guide our work in fragile and conflictaffected states. The five goals are: Legitimate Politics - Foster inclusive political settlements and conflict resolution Security - Establish and strengthen people’s security Justice - Address injustices and increase people’s access to justice Economic Foundations - Generate employment and improve livelihoods Revenues & Services - Manage revenue and build capacity for accountable and fair service delivery

• By September 2012, a set of indicators for each goal will have been developed by fragile states and international partners which will allow us to track progress at the global and the country level. These indicators will combine objective measures with measures to understand the views of people on results achieved. We will work towards full consideration of the PSGs in the post-MDG development framework beyond 2015 and, after Busan, towards the consideration of the PSGs by the 2012 UN General Assembly and other fora.

II. FOCUS• - Engagement to support country owned and led pathways out of

fragility As part of the “New Deal” we commit to FOCUS on new ways of engaging, to support inclusive country led and country owned transitions out of fragility based on a country-led fragility assessment developed by the g7+ with the support of development partners, a country-led one vision and one plan, a country compact to implement the plan, using the PSGs to monitor progress and support inclusive and participatory political dialogue. We recognize that an engaged public and civil society, which constructively monitors decisionmaking, is important to ensure accountability. Fragility assessment. We will conduct a periodic country-led assessment on the causes and features of fragility and sources of resilience as a basis for one vision, one plan.

III. TRUST -• Commitments for results As part of the “New Deal” we

commit to build mutual TRUST by providing aid and managing resources more effectively and aligning these resources for results. Recent evidence reveals that implementation of the previous commitments has been uneven and we re-affirm the commitments made in the Paris Declaration, Accra Agenda for Action and the Fragile States Principles. In doing so, we will enhance transparency, risk management to use country systems, strengthen national capacities and time, improving the speed and predictability of funding to achieve better results.

New Deal: A case for Somalia

• Somalia's eight-year transition ended in September 2012, with the peaceful handover of power from the leadership of the Transitional Federal Institutions to a new Federal Government. A Provisional Constitution, in place since August, paves the way for the re-building and consolidation of new, representative federal institutions by the end of 2016, when popular elections are due. Against the backdrop of an improving yet fragile security situation, the new Federal Institutions of Somalia are tasked with establishing a viable federal state that will end years of transitional governance and usher in a permanent political order.

• Somalia is now on a path to emerge from fragility. It is re-asserting its sovereignty and taking both ownership of and responsibility for its future. To do so, it has embarked on a political reconstruction process, guided by the New Deal principles for fragile states agreed in Busan in 2011. A key milestone of this process is the adoption of a Compact, which provides a new political, security and developmental architecture that will help frame the future relations between Somalia, its people and the international community. This is the beginning, not end, of Somalia's political and socio-economic reconstruction process.

• As key partners, Somalia and the European Union (EU) will be co-hosting a High Level Conference onA New Deal for Somalia in Brussels on 16 September 2013. The Conference's underlying objective is to sustain the positive momentum in Somalia, to ensure that the country stays on the path to stability, peace and brings prosperity to its people. The New Deal is the driver of this process. The Brussels Conference will therefore bring together the international community and Somalia to endorse this Compact, pledge support to enable its implementation and, above all, re-commit to this new political process.

What is the New Deal for Somalia?

• A guiding set of principles for fragile states development.• A country-led process that strengthens capacities, ownership and

mutual accountability, supported by the international community.• Sectoral focus across 5 Peacebuilding and Statebuilding Goals (PSGs):

– Inclusive Politics;– Security and Rule of Law;– Justice;– Economic Foundations;– Revenue and Services.

• A key element is a 'Compact' between the recipient country and the donor community, to guide a partnership between all the parties to transition the country out of fragility.

Background to the New Deal process?

• The New Deal process was endorsed in November 2011 by a wide range of International partners (including the g7+ association of conflict affected states) at the 4th High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness in Busan, South Korea.

• Please see the following links for further information:

How is the New Deal being taken forward in Somalia?

• Somalia is a member of the g7+ group of countries and was an original signatory to the Busan New Deal principles in 2011.

• Somalia has committed to implementing the New Deal principles to move beyond fragility. The International Community is supporting Somalia in this endeavour.

• With international support Somalia is:– Undertaking an assessment on the causes and features of its

underlying fragility;– Hosting a number of Working Groups across the 5 Peace and State

Building goals (PSGs) to develop the Compact that will be the focus of the Brussels Conference;

– Engaging with all Somali communities and regions.

Why now?

• Somalia has made substantial progress recently and has real potential to move further out of fragility. It is important that the recent positive momentum is maintained.

• The Somali government should gradually be able to develop its own capacity to take over key responsibilities from international community. The key task is to agree on main national priorities and coordinate international support under the New Deal process.

What will the Conference hope to achieve?

• The Conference will provide the focal point of international and Somali commitment to implementing the New Deal principles. The key outcome will be agreement to the Compact. The Conference will be structured in three key thematic sessions:

• 1. Inclusive Politics;• 2. Rule of Law and Security;• 3. Socio-Economic Development.

Why is the European Union (EU) co-hosting the Conference / What role do the EU play in Somalia?

• The European Union (EU) is committed to ensuring peaceful social and economic development in the Horn of Africa and Somalia in particular. Our commitment is substantial, with €521 million of development support since 2008, 3 missions under the EU's Common Security and Defence Policy, and substantial political support.

• The EU is working closely with other international donors to support the Somali government in the preparation of the Compact.

• As a signatory to the New Deal principles and a strong supporter of Somalia's development, the EU is proud to co-host the Conference.

What will the Compact look like?

• The Compact will be a concise and living document, setting out Somalia's key peace and state-building priorities alongside a commitment from all partners (Somalia and international community) to delivering those main priorities in the coming three years. It will set out the framework for subsequent planning, political and security support and development aid programmes.

What will follow the Conference?

• The Conference is one step in a longer process, albeit an important one in the New Deal process for Somalia.

• The Compact will be regularly reviewed as Somalia moves forward.

• The dialogue under the fragility assessment will continue beyond the Conference in Brussels.

• All partners need to maintain their commitment to supporting Somalia's development, in view of keeping Somalia on the path to stability, peace and bringing prosperity to its people.

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