CHAPTER 15SECTION 2

Feudalism

WHY DID FEUDALISM DEVELOP?

CHARLES MARTEL (714-741)

M & M SIMULATIONSimulation Historical Situation

Each student was assigned an order & moving up was impossible.

A person was born into his or her order & moving up was almost impossible.

Each person as given M&Ms based on his/her order.

Each person had a certain level of wealth based on his/her order.

M&Ms King & Nobles=their land, the loyalty of their vassals, taxes they collected from people living on the land.Peasants/Serfs=crops, goods

Peasants had to sit on the floor behind a noble.

Peasants were at the bottom of society and lived on the land of a noble.

Peasants had to give 1 M&M to their noble. Peasants had to pay the noble in either goods, services or taxes to live on the land.

Nobles had to give M&Ms to the Lords (also nobles) above them.

Nobles had to pay the nobles in either taxes or military service for the land they were given.

Everyone gave 1 M&M to the “Church) Everyone tithed money to the church because they believed it would help them get to heaven.

THE ROLE OF VASSALS & KNIGHTS

Feudalism was based on “fealty” or loyalty

Nobles=wealthy people with land

Vassal=noble who served another noble or lord of higher rank

"I promise on my faith that I will in the future be faithful to the lord, never cause him harm and will observe my homage to him completely against all persons in good faith and without deceit.“

KNIGHTS

Charles Martel had carefully observed the Muslim cavalry during the Battle of Tours in AD 732. The Islamic horse soldiers were the finest in the world at that time and were so effective they could often turn the tide of any battle to their favor. Although the Muslims were defeated at Tours their cavalry earned the respect of the Franks. Shortly afterwards, Charles began to organize Frankish troops into “armored horsemen” or “KNIGHTS.”

KNIGHTS

Many vassals were knights, or warriors.

In return for land, they led fought

Followed Code of Chivalry

MEDIEVAL MANOR OR FIEF

LIVES OF PEASANTS, SERFS & NOBLES

Lords or Nobles owned the land Peasants worked the land; at least 3 days/week of

labor on the Lord’s land Long hours-gave portion of crops to nobles to pay for

use of village’s mill, winepress, bread oven, etc. Peasants also sold their goods to each other Peasants who were SERFS were bound to the land; if

they left, the noble could have them brought back and punished

SERFS had to get permission from nobles to marry Nobles lived in a manor house or castle with servants, Noblemen ran the manor, while women ran the

household (overseeing food and other household needs)

TRADE & CITIES

Fall of Roman EmpireTrade declined: Roads/Bridges fell into disrepair Law & order vanished Money was no longer used (bartering

system) People never left the villages where they

were born & knew nothing of the outside world.

RETURN OF TRADE & GROWTH OF CITIES

Feudalism brought back security of life Nobles repaired roads/bridges & enforced law

Trade increased & towns grew into cities

Inventions:• Horse collar• Plow

• Horse shoe• Water Mills• Windmills

Other Improveme

nts•Crop

Rotation

AGRICULTURE IMPROVES

MEDIEVAL MARKETPLACEAs farming improved peasants grew more

food

Population increased

Food surplus gave people something to

barter

Towns grew larger because they gave

merchants permanent surroundings to sell

goods

GUILDS

Trade encouraged manufacturing & the creation of guilds

Another result lf the increase in tradedemand for coins

NAMES BASED ON PROFESSIONS Baker Barber Brewer Bond (serf or bondmen) Carter (made carts) Carpenter Clark (clerk) Cook Cooper (made barrels) Dyer (dyed cloth) Fisher Franklin (well-to-do farmer

who owned his own land)

Fuller (thickened cloth) Glover (made gloves) Mason Shepherd Shearer Smith Tanner Thatcher Walker (shrunk woolen

cloth) Weaver Webb (Weaver) Wheeler (made wheels)