Feudal Japan
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Transcript of Feudal Japan
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• Japan's isolation as an island nation • Instrumental in its
development as a culture
• By 500 BCE it was still an undeveloped agrarianagrarian (farm based) culture without cities
• Outside influences which led to cultural advancement included...
Background of Japan
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Background• Japan comes from “ri-ben” – land of the rising sun
• Borrowed ideas, institutions, & culture from China
• 4,000 islands make up the archipelago– 4 large islands
• 1 B.C. = hundred of clans– Worshiped local gods– Shinto “way of the gods”– Respect nature (kami) & worship ancestors
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Draw a Castle… Compare it to the ones in
Feudal Japan
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Warwick Castle, England
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Feudal Japan
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Japanese Traditional Castle
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Japanese Culture• Buddhism:
– Brought by Korean travelers– Mixed with Shinto
• Some Buddhist rituals became Shinto rituals
• Chinese culture:– 607, Prince Shotoku sent 1/3 missions to China
– Adopted Chinese system of writing– Painting styles– Simple arts: cooking, gardening, tea, hairdressing
– Strong central government
• Civil Service System failed
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Prince Shotoku: Prince Shotoku: 573-621573-621
• Adopted Chinese culture and Confucianism
• Buddhist sects allowed to develop
• Created a new government structure:
• 17 Article Constitution in 604
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Heian Period: 794-Heian Period: 794-11561156CharacteristicsCharacteristics::
• Growth of large landed estatesGrowth of large landed estates• Arts & literature of China Arts & literature of China flourishedflourished• Elaborate court lifeElaborate court life• Etiquette Etiquette
• Personal diaries Personal diaries • The Pillow BookThe Pillow Book by Sei by Sei
ShonagonShonagon•Great novelGreat novel• The Tale of GenjiThe Tale of Genji by Lady by Lady
Murasaki Shikibu Murasaki Shikibu • Moving away from Chinese models Moving away from Chinese models
inin religion, the arts, and religion, the arts, and governmentgovernment
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Heian Court DressHeian Court Dress
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The Pillow BookThe Pillow Bookby Sei Shonagon (diary)by Sei Shonagon (diary)
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The Pillow BookThe Pillow Bookby Sei Shonagon (diary)by Sei Shonagon (diary)
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Tale of GenjiTale of Genji ( (first novel)first novel)
• Account of the life of a prince in the imperial court – considered the world’s first novel
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Feudalism Erodes Imperial Authority
• Rich Fujiwara family in power
• Strong central gov’t challenged by great landowners & clan chiefs– Private armies; countryside became lawless
– Farmers & small landowners traded land for protection – warlords
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Samurai Warriors!!!• Wars between rival lords
bodyguard warriors of each lord
• Samurai = one who serves• Code of behavior: Bushido– The way of the warrior* Reckless courage
* Reverence for the gods
* Fairness
* Generosity towards the weaker
* Honorable death > long life
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Samurai Warrior Attire
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Samurai SwordSamurai Sword
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Early Mounted Early Mounted Samurai WarriorsSamurai Warriors
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Samurai ChargingSamurai Charging
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• Seppuku ("stomach-cutting") is a form of Japanese ritual suicide by disembowelment.
• Seppuku was originally reserved only for samurai– Part of the samurai honor code
• Used:– Voluntarily to die with honor rather than fall into the hands of their enemies
– Form of capital punishment after serious offenses
– For reasons that shamed them
• Seppuku is performed by plunging a sword into the abdomen and moving the sword left to right in a slicing motion
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Minamoto YoritomoMinamoto Yoritomo
Founded the Kamakura Shogunate: 1185-1333
• 2 most powerful clans fight for power
• 30 years of war• Minamoto
family wins• Leader: Yoritomo• Deemed
“Shogun”• Supreme
general of the emperor’s army
• Powers of a military dictator
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Kamakura Shogunate• Emperor still ruled in Kyoto• Real power = Shogun’s military headquarters at Kamakura
• Shoguns ruled through puppet emperors until 1868!
• Kamakura Shoguns defeated 2 invasions by the great Mongol ruler Kublai Khan– Drained shogun’s funds– Samurais did not get paid
• Aligned more closely with lords– Shoguns lost power
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Japanese Feudal System
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Feudal Hierarchy
• Emperor – Japanese political ruler• Shogun – Had the powers of a military dictator; Ruled Japan through
puppet emperors• Samurai – loyal warriors of local lords• Merchant - Facilitated trade, earliest beginnings of the Japanese economic system
• Peasant – Worked the land which belonged to the local lords
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Seppuku: Seppuku: Ritual SuicideRitual Suicide
Kaishaku – his “seconds”
It is honorable to die in this
way.