Fertilizer Value of Nitrate in Irrigation Water for ... · PDF fileFertilizer Value of Nitrate...
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Fertilizer Value of Nitrate in Irrigation Water for Vegetable Production
Michael Cahn, Richard Smith, Tim Hartz UCCE Monterey and UCD Plant Science
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Acknowledgements Laura Murphy, Trisha Love, Barry Farrara, Tom Lockhart California Department of Food and Agriculture, Fertilizer Research and Education Program California Leafy Green Research Board USDA-ARS (Sharon Benzen, David Lara, Jim McCreight)
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SWRCB SBX2 1
“Pump and fertilize” was proposed as a partial solution for remediating nitrate contamination of ground water
Harter and Lund 2012
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How much fertilizer credit should be taken for nitrogen in well water?
How does the volume of applied water affect N recovery? Is there a minimum concentration of nitrate in water that has fertilizer value? Does the form of N (nitrate vs ammonium) affect recovery? Does high nitrate water affect soil nitrate levels?
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Replicated Trials
USDA-ARS Spence Research Farm Chualar sandy loam soil Well water (2 to 3 ppm NO3-N) Crisphead lettuce (cv. Telluride) 2 trials: summer and fall harvests Direct seeded (5/16/13, 8/14/13) N at planting (anti-crustant) Plots = 45 ft x 4 beds (40 inch width)
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Water N treatments were applied by drip
# Treatment Description1 Unfertilized control (approximately 2 PPM NO3-N in the irrigation water)2 Standard Fertilizer (150 lb N/Acre applied in 5 weekly fertigations of AN20)3 12 PPM NO3-N in irrigation water4 22 PPM NO3-N in irrigation water5 42 PPM NO3-N in irrigation water6 42 PPM mineral N (12 PPM NO3-N and 30 PPM NH4-N in irrigation water)
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Irrigation Manifold for Simulating Water with Varying Concentrations of Nitrate
Nitrogen salts: Calcium Nitrate, Sodium Nitrate, Ammonium Sulfate Salts proportioned to maintain sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) between 1.8 and 2.4 or a Ca:Na ratio = 0.85 Water EC ranged from 0.5 to 0.85 dS/m
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Two irrigation rates were evaluated
Irrigation Treatment Sprinkler Drip Total --------- inches ---------
------------- summer crop ---------------110% Crop ET 3.7 7.0 10.6160% Crop ET 3.7 10.1 13.8 ----------------- fall crop ------------------120% Crop ET 3.7 5.5 9.1210% Crop ET 3.7 9.6 13.3
Applied Water
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How is nitrate in irrigation water converted to applied N?
lbs of N/acre= applied water (inches) x NO3-N conc (ppm) x 0.23
12 ppm 22 ppminches ------ lbs N/acre ----
110% 7.0 19.3 35.4160% 10.1 27.9 51.1
Fertilizer N value
ET TreatmentApplied Water
NO3-N
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Verifying N concentration of irrigation water treatments
Measured N concentrationx
# Irrigation water treatments NO3-N NH4-N Mineral N ------------- ppm ------------
1 Unfertilized Control 3.1 0.2 3.42 Fertilized Standard 3.1 0.2 3.43 12 ppm NO3-N 12.8 0.4 13.14 22 ppm NO3-N 22.3 0.6 22.85 42ppm NO3-N 41.9 1.1 42.96 42ppm N (30 ppm NH4-N) 13.2 27.3 40.5
xAverage of 17 irrigations
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Nitrate in water affected both plant size and color
42 ppm N 2 ppm N
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Summer Fall
Irrigation Water Treatments Affected Plant Weight
Total Applied Nitrogen (lbs/acre)0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Fres
h P
lant
Wei
ght (
lbs/
plan
t)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
water N (110% ETc)fertigation N (110% ETc)water N (160% ETc)fertigation N (160% ETc)
N fertilizer at planting = 17 lb/ac
Total Applied Nitrogen (lbs/acre)0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Fres
h P
lant
Wei
ght (
lbs/
plan
t)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
water N (120% ETc)fertigation N (120% ETc)water N (210% ETc)fertigation N (210% ETc)
N-fertilizer at planting = 38 lb/ac
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Total Applied Nitrogen (lbs/acre)0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Bio
mas
s yi
eld
(lbsx
1000
/acr
e)0
20
40
60
80
100
water N (120% ETc)fertigation N (120% ETc)water N (210% ETc)fertigation N (210% ETc)
N fertilizer at planting = 38 lb/ac
Irrigation Water Treatments Affected Biomass Yield
Total Applied Nitrogen (lbs/acre)0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Bio
mas
s yi
eld
(lbsx
1000
/acr
e)
0
20
40
60
80
100
water N (110% ETc)fertigation N (110% ETc)water N (160% ETc)fertigation N (160% ETc)
N fertilizer at planting = 17 lb/ac
Summer Fall
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Total Applied Nitrogen (lbs/acre)0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
N c
onte
nt o
f pla
nt ti
ssue
(%)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0water N (110% ETc)fertigation N (110% ETc)water N (160% ETc)fertigation N (160% ETc)
N fertilizer at planting = 17 lb/ac
Summer Fall
Irrigation Water Treatments Affected Tissue N
Total Applied Nitrogen (lbs/acre)0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
N c
onte
nt o
f pla
nt ti
ssue
(%
)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
water N (120% ETc)fertigation N (120% ETc)water N (210% ETc)fertigation N (210% ETc)
N fertilizer at planting = 38 lb/ac
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Total Applied Nitrogen (lbs/acre)0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Cro
p N
upt
ake
(lbs
N/a
cre)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
water N (110% ETc)fertigation N (110% ETc)water N (160% ETc)fertigation N (160% ETc)
N fertilizer at planting = 17 lb/ac
Total Applied Nitrogen (lbs/acre)0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Cro
p N
upt
ake
(lbs
N/a
cre)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
water N (120% ETc)fertigation N (120% ETc)water N (210% ETc)fertigation N (210% ETc)
N fertilizer at planting = 38 lb/ac
Summer Fall
Irrigation Water Treatments Affected Crop Uptake of Nitrogen
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Summer Fall
Crop uptake of N was similar for NH4 and NO3 sources in irrigation water
Water N treatment (40 ppm N)110% ETc 160% ETc
Cro
p N
upt
ake
(lbs
N/a
cre)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120 NO3
NO3 + NH4
a a
b b
Water N treatment (40 ppm N)120% ETc 210% ETc
Cro
p N
upt
ake
(lbs
N/a
cre)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120 NO3
NO3 + NH4
a a
b b
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Summer Fall
Crop Recovery of N from irrigation water:
Total Applied Nitrogen (lbs/acre)0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Cro
p N
upt
ake
(lbs
N/a
cre)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
water N (110% ETc)water N (160% ETc)
99.0appliedN86.075.20uptakeN
2 =
×+=
R
Total Applied Nitrogen (lbs/acre)0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Cro
p N
upt
ake
(lbs
N/a
cre)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
water N (120% ETc)water N (210% ETc)
99.0appliedN41.037.40uptakeN
2 =
×+=
R
H2O = 86% , Fertilizer std = 55% H2O = 41% , Fertilizer std = 20%
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Did N levels in water affect soil nitrate concentration?
Fall: Soil Mineral N 0-1 foot (14 days before) harvest)
# Treatment Description NO3-N Mineral N1 Unfertilized control (2 PPM NO3-N) 4.5 5.52 Standard Fertilizer (150 lb N/Acre ) 17.3 18.33 12 PPM NO3-N in irrigation water 8.7 9.74 22 PPM NO3-N in irrigation water 5.1 6.15 42 PPM NO3-N in irrigation water 12.0 13.06 42 PPM N ( NO3+NH4) 12.0 13.3
LSD0.05 6.8 6.8
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How do we integrate N in water with monitoring soil nitrate?
+
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Estimating Fertilizer N needs using the soil nitrate quick test
Future Crop N uptake – (Quick Test N - threshold NO3-N)
Recommended Fertilizer N =
– Irrigation water N – Plant residue N – Soil Mineralization N
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N u
ptak
e (lb
s/ac
re)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Jan 20 Feb 04 Feb 19 Mar 06 Mar 21 Apr 05 Apr 20
Soi
l NO
3-N
(ppm
)
05
10152025
SNQT – Threshold = -22 lbs/acre
Soil and plant residue mineralization = 5 lbs/acre
N uptake = 57 lbs/acre
N fert = 57 + 22 – 5 – 6 = 68 lbs N /acre
Estimating Nitrogen Fertilizer for Vegetables
N water = 6 lbs/acre
10 days
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Commercial Trials in Iceberg Lettuce
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Date Crop Stage Soil NO3-N Fertilizer StandardQuick NO3
testQuick NO3 test + water NO3
ppm --------------- lbs N/acre --------------
5/23/20141st drip fertigation 31.3 CAN-17 43 0 0
6/2/20142nd drip fertigation 20.0 CAN-17 11 32 27
Total 54 32 27
Nitrogen Fertilizer Treatment
Commercial Iceberg, Site 1 Recycled water (N = 37 ppm)
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Date Crop Stage Soil NO3-N Fertilizer StandardQuick NO3
testQuick NO3 test + water NO3
ppm --------------- lbs N/acre --------------4/23/2014 Bed listing 28.8 13-13-13 39 39 395/17/2014 1st sidedress 26.3 UAN-32 118 0 05/31/2014 1st drip fertigation 13.0 AN-20 42 50 42
6/7/2014 2nd drip fertigation 32.9 Nphuric 15-0-0-49 10 0 06/18/2014 3rd drip fertigation 11.8 AN-20 42 46 37Total 250 135 118
Nitrogen Fertilizer Treatment
Commercial Iceberg, Site 2 Well water (N = 32 ppm)
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Treatement Jumbo 24-size 30-size Total Jumbo 24-size 30-size Total
Standard 169 951 6 1126 3439 15836 89 19364Quick Nitrate Test 163 992 1 1156 3399 17341 13 20753
Quick Nitrate Test + Water
276 836 3 1115 5540 15075 40 20655
LSD0.05 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NSNS means are not statistically different at p < 0.05 level
Carton Yield Marketable Yield
---------- cartons/acre----------- ------------- lbs/acre---------------
Treatement 24-size 30-size Total 24-size 30-size Total---------- cartons/acre----------- ---------- lbs/acre-----------
Standard 142 402 544 2500 6361 8861Quick Nitrate Test 118 439 557 1931 7065 8996Quick Nitrate Test + Water 79 583 662 1305 10029 11334
LSD0.05 NS NS NS NS NS NSNS means are not statistically different at p < 0.05 level
Carton Yield Marketable Yield
Commercial Iceberg, Site 1
Commercial Iceberg, Site 2
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Summary
Low concentrations of nitrate-N (12 ppm) in irrigation water were taken up by lettuce Fertilizer value of NH4 and NO3 sources of N were equivalent Volume of water applied to the crop did not affect the recovery rate of N from the irrigation water Commerical trials demonstrated that accounting for N in irrigation water can further reduce fertilizer N needs of lettuce