Fertility RatesFertility Rates& Life Expectancy& Life Expectancy

How have changes in How have changes in these affected these affected households?households?

Falling fertility ratesFalling fertility rates The term fertility refers to The term fertility refers to

the average number of the average number of children that women children that women (usually between 15 – 44 (usually between 15 – 44 yrs old) have in societyyrs old) have in society

Women now have fewer Women now have fewer children than 30 years ago children than 30 years ago and so we now tend to see and so we now tend to see smaller familiessmaller families

Women are also having Women are also having children later on in lifechildren later on in life

Average age in 1971 was Average age in 1971 was 26 in 2006 it was 3026 in 2006 it was 30

Changes in fertility and social Changes in fertility and social changechange

Changes in fertility are Changes in fertility are linked to;linked to;

Changing attitudes Changing attitudes towards family size.towards family size.

In the 19thC poor families In the 19thC poor families had large families because had large families because of economic factorsof economic factors

Children worked whilst Children worked whilst very young and the family very young and the family were dependent on were dependent on everyone bringing in a everyone bringing in a wagewage

Today children are Today children are economically dependent economically dependent on their parentson their parents

Women and employment Women and employment Women’s participation in Women’s participation in

education and paid education and paid employment has increasedemployment has increased

One impact of the Feminist One impact of the Feminist movement is that women movement is that women no longer feel their only no longer feel their only role is that of motherhoodrole is that of motherhood

Equal pay and sex Equal pay and sex discrimination acts have discrimination acts have given women a wider given women a wider range of optionsrange of options

Women also tend to get Women also tend to get married later in life and married later in life and have better access to birth have better access to birth controlcontrol

ActivityActivity

How have patterns of fertility How have patterns of fertility changed over the past 30 years?changed over the past 30 years?

Explain how changes in society have Explain how changes in society have influenced these changesinfluenced these changes

Life ExpectancyLife Expectancy Life expectancy at birth is Life expectancy at birth is

the average number of the average number of years a baby may be years a baby may be expected to liveexpected to live

In 1901 this was 45 yrs for In 1901 this was 45 yrs for men and 49 for womenmen and 49 for women

This would now be classed This would now be classed as middle agedas middle aged

In 2008 this had increased In 2008 this had increased form 76 yrs for men and form 76 yrs for men and 81 for women81 for women

In the future life In the future life expectancy is expected to expectancy is expected to increase furtherincrease further

Why are people living longer?Why are people living longer? Public health provisionPublic health provision During the 20thC services During the 20thC services

such as clean water such as clean water supplies, sewerage supplies, sewerage systems and waste systems and waste disposal has meant that disposal has meant that fewer people died from fewer people died from water borne diseasewater borne disease

Preventative medicine Preventative medicine such as vaccination such as vaccination programmes have programmes have eliminated serious eliminated serious infectious diseases such as infectious diseases such as poliopolio

Life expectancy can also Life expectancy can also be linked to advances in be linked to advances in medicine and surgery.medicine and surgery.

Scientific advances in Scientific advances in research help us find cures research help us find cures for diseases such as for diseases such as cancercancer

Diet and nutrition also Diet and nutrition also plays a partplays a part

Although we have much Although we have much obesity in Western society obesity in Western society we are still better we are still better nourished as a whole nourished as a whole compared to 100 years compared to 100 years agoago

Decrease in Infant mortality ratesDecrease in Infant mortality rates

Infant mortality refers to Infant mortality refers to the number of children the number of children dying in the first year of dying in the first year of lifelife

In 1930 there were 60 In 1930 there were 60 deaths per 1000 birthsdeaths per 1000 births

In 2006 this had fallen to 5 In 2006 this had fallen to 5 deaths per 1000 birthsdeaths per 1000 births

This is due to better Ante & This is due to better Ante & Post Natal care, Post Natal care, technological advances technological advances and an increase in the and an increase in the availability of qualified availability of qualified midwives midwives

ActivityActivity

People in Britain live longer today than they People in Britain live longer today than they did 100 years ago.did 100 years ago.

Identify and explain 2 reasons for thisIdentify and explain 2 reasons for this

Outline one reason for improved infant Outline one reason for improved infant mortality ratesmortality rates

How have changing fertility rates and life How have changing fertility rates and life expectancy affected the family and society?expectancy affected the family and society?