1. SUSTAINING ETHIOPIAWHEN TOP-DOWN MEETS BOTTOM-UPNICOL FENURONALD YEARWOOD

2. 50 years from now, oil will be a scarce resource,one too valuable to depend on as we do today. Nolonger can we fall back on old systems when plan-ning for future developments. 3. Fifty years from now, oil will be a scarce resource,one too valuable to depend on as we do today. Nolonger can we fall back on old systems when plan-ning for future developments.This can be achieved by observing and learning fromthe current methods of development implementation,primarily between traditional, Top-Down practicesversus the new-age, Bottom-Up strategies. 4. INTRODUCTION TOP-DOWN BUTTOM UP 5. MASDAR CITY Masdar is thus facing the two biggest challenges of the 21st century: climate change and the ever grow- ing demand for resources and energy 6. MASDAR CITY Masdar is thus facing the two biggest challenges of the 21st century: climate change and the ever grow- ing demand for resources and energy - 22 billion dollars - university and research institute - 50000 inhabitants - 50000 workers communting every day 7. MASDAR CITY 8. MASDAR CITY 9. MASDAR CITY 10. MASDAR CITY The slogan of the enterprise claims One day all cities will be built like this!A role model for the world?Eco-exclusion? 11. ETHIOPIA 12. ETHIOPIA POPULATIONA population 2012:84320987 population growth rate: 3.194% population 2030:130000000 13. AFRICA SOLAR MAP AFRICA SOLAR MAP FILTER GROWING PERIODFILTER_LENGTH OF GROWING PERIODFILTER INFRASTRUCTURE2000 KM 14. ETHIOPIA SOLAR MAPETHIOPIA SOLAR MAPFILTER WATERFILTER_WATER FILTER_SOLAR As of September 2006 ,y !!! (((( ((((Wad RawahAdi GuadadETHIOPIA_ATLAS_A3LC.WOR (((((((((((((((( (((( Kilo 26(( Elit (!!!!!!DekemhareBajil (((((((( YEMEN(((( Kasha El Girba TesseneyBarentuAdi Ugri!! !!! ynahAdi CaiehSUDAN ERITREA (((( Al Hudaydah (((( ((((!!!!!! !!! Ghayl Ba Wazir (((( (((( (((( Rufaah !! Ash Shihr ((((((((((((Shagarab I, II, III Blue!!!!!!Dhamar Al MukallaLegend Um Gargour!!! !!!Bayt al Faqih(((( ((((Nile ((((Al Hawtah ad MadaniFau 5 Es ShowakShiraro (((( ((((!!!!!!(((((((((((( (((( Abuda Yarim Adigrat(((((((( l !!!!!! ((((Mayfaah((((((((((((Shimelba! !!! (((( (((( (((( AdwaZabid(((( (((( ((((Wad El Hileau(((((((((((( Gedaref !!! !!!Aksum aym (((( (((( (((( Hajj Abd Allah!!!!!!IbbAl Bayda !!! !!! Awad El SeidWikro (((( (((( ((((6.5 - 7.0 kWh/m2/day Lawdar ((((((((((((Sannar ((((((((Fath El Rahman !!!!! ((((kilo 7Mekele!!!!! (((( (((( ((((Al HawatahTaizzEs Suki(((( (((( (((( (((( (((( (((( Al QuwaysiShaqra(((((((((((( Sinjah (((((((( Debark 6.0 - 6.5 kWh/m2/day((((((((((((( (( Lahij (((( ((((Assab ((((!!!!!!(((((((((((( MaychewAl KharazGhadir(((( (((( (((( !!!!!!!!! Aden !!! !!! GonderBasatine 5.5 - 6.0 kWh/m2/dayDJIBOUTI (((( (((( ((((!!! !!!Debre Tabor Weldiya!!! !! DamazinTendaho ((((((((( (((((((((((((( Bahir DarDJIBOUTI 5.0 - 5.5 kWh/m2/day MankushDangila(((( (((( (( Hol-Hol (((( (((( (((( Bossasso ETHIOPIADese !! !!!Ali-Addeh Bumbudie / YarenjaFinote Selam (((( (((( ( 4.0 - 4.5 kWh/m2/day Erigavo ((((((((((((Kurmuk!!!!! Berbera Sherkole!!! !!!!!!!!! Debre MarkosDebre Eliyas Assosa(((((((((((( Debra Sina!!!!!! Mendi !!!!!Fiche !!! !!Debre Birhan SOMALIA!!!!!Dire Dawa !!!!!Hargeisa !!! !!!BurcoBurao(((( (((( ((((QardhoUDAN Begi (((((((((((( Gimbi (((( (((( (((( !!! !!! Ano Adis AlemHarar!!!!!!!!!!! Jijiga Kebribeyah Nekemte (((( (((( !!!ADDIS ABABA (((( !!!!!!!!! Agere Hiywet (((((((((((( Akaki Beseka Debre Zeyt !!!FILTER LANDUSE! r Mojo (((((((((((( !!! !!!Dembi Dolo !!! Giyon(((((((( NazretPagak!!! ((( Garowe Gambella Degeh Bur Bonga(((((((((( !!! !!! GoreButajera(((( (((( (((( FILTER_LAND USEFugnidoJima (((((((((((( Pochalla ggShashemene (((((((((Mizan or gg(((( (((( (Galcaio Dimma Hobyo (((( (((( ((Kapoeta Belet Weyne(((( (((( (LokichoggioBuulo Barde(((( (((( ((((Luug (((( (((( (((( Kakuma UGANDAKENYA 100 KM 200 KM Kitgum (((( (((( d names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.Sources: UNHCR, UNDP Somalia, University of Bern, Global Insight digital mapping - 1998 Europa Technologies Ltd. 15. MAPPINGR FILTER GROWING PERIOD FILTER_WATERFILTER_SOLAR FILTER_LENGTH OF GROWING PERIOD ,yERITREA GROUNDWATER AVAILABILITY DURING DROUGHT ETHIOPIA_ATLAS_A3LC.WOR LOW SUDANa WazirBlue NileDJIBOUTI Regional boundary River HIGHNo data (lakes)LegendLAKESOMALIA6.5 - 7.0 kWh/m2/day6.0 - 6.5 kWh/m2/day5.5 - 6.0 kWh/m2/day5.0 - 5.5 kWh/m2/day Legend4.0 - 4.5 kWh/m2/day < 25 %< 60 daysClimate suitability 25 - 75 %61 - 120120 - 180 > 75so181 - 140241 - 300> 300 daysKENYA100 KM 200 KM100 KM 200 KM 100 KM 200 KMsource: UN-OCHA FILTER INFRASTRUCTUREUSE FILTER_LAND USELegendShrublandBarrenShrub/BarrenSavanna: Pasture/CCropland/WoodlandDry CroplandGrasslandShrubland/GrasslandDeciduous ForestEuropa Technologies Ltd.Evergreen ForestWater 100 KM200 KMDeveloped Area 16. REMA_ETHIOPIA 17. REMA_ETHIOPIA - 5500 inhabitants - 1100 tukuls - 1 vocational school - 1 water pump 18. CAPITAL/INSTITUTIONS E 19. EDUCATION/VOCATIONAL SCHOOL 20. ECONOMYT REMA : SOLAR BAR NEW LARGER SOLAR PANELORIGINAL SOLAR PANELELECTRICALCONTROL BOXREFRIGERATOR 21. TECHNOLOGY 22. TECHNOLOGY 23. SOLURBIA 24. STOCK AND FLOWSHistory and Model Metabolism: Rogers, Baccini, OswaldUrban Metabolism (source: Richard Rogers, Cities for a Small Planet, 1996) 25. STOCK AND FLOWSPEOPLEENERGYWATERMATERIALCAPITALSPACEINFORMATION 26. TOOLS TOOLSENERGYLOW TECHPIECES FROM LARGER BROKEN PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR PANELS CAN BEREASSEMBLED AND SOLDERED TOGETHER TO CREATE A NEW RECYCLED SOLARCOLLECTOR WITH LITTLE TECHNICAL SKILL REQUIREDSTANDARDSMALL TO MEDIUM FULLY INTACT SOLAR PANELS APPLIED TO THE ROOF OF BUILDINGSOR RAISED ON A POLE FACING Recycled pv panelssolar parabolic collectorHIGH TECHHIGHER EFFICIENCY SOLAR PARABOLIC TROUGHS REFLECT THE SUN`S RAYS ONTO AHEAT TRANSFER FLUID UPWARDS OF 600c.ALTERNATIVE STORAGEUSING THE EXCESS ENERGY DURYING DAYLIGHT HOURS, WATER CAN BE PUMPEDINTO STORAGE CISTERNS LOCATED AT THE TOP OF THE HILLSIDE. DURING HOURS OFNO SUNLIGHT, WATER CAN BE RELEASED THROUGH TURBINES CREATING ELECTRIC-ITY, MEANWHILE PROVIDING WATER FOR CROPS AND PEOPLE. oltaic photovoltaic panels water storage systemPEOPLEAGRICULTURENEW FARMING TECHNIQUES CAN IMPROVE AND INCREASE CROP PRODUCTION. USINGSOLAR POWER TO PUMP WATER, IRRIGATION BECOMES A POSSIBILITY, FURTHERINGTHE INCREASE OF CROP PRODUCTION.SKILLED LABORWITH A FOCUS ON SOLAR TECHNOLOGY, ELECTRICIANS AND SOLAR TECHNICIANS CANBE NEW OPTIONS FOR CAREERS . THE CITY OF REMA IS ALREADY EXPERIENCING THISNEW FIELD, WITH A SOLAR TECHNICAL SCHOOL IN PLACE TRAINING STUDENTS FROMAROUND THE COUNTRY.LIVING CONDITIONSIMPROVEMENTS CAN BE MADE UPON LIVING CONDITIONS, MOST IMPORTANTLY INTERMS OF BASIC NEEDS OF WATER, FOOD, AND SHELTER. 27. TOOLSsolar technician EDUCATION farmer NIGHT SCHOOL WITH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLAR ENERGY HARVESTING, ELECTRICITY CAN BE PROVIDED DURING ALL HOURS OF THE DAY AND NIGHT, ALLOWING MORE TIME FOR LABOR AND EDUCATION, EVEN DURING NIGHT HOURS. VOCATIONAL SCHOOL INVESTING IN A VOCATIONAL SCHOOL WILL YIELD SKILLED LABORERS, TECHNICIANS, AND A HIGHER EDUCATION LEVEL.PRACTICAL LESSONS ARE LEARNED AND PRODUCTS CREATED AND REPLICATED TO USE IN THE COMMUNITY. SUSTAINABLE EDUCATION solar school TEACHING NEW AND OLD TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING LIVING CONDITIONS USING SUSTAINABLE METHODS, FROM LOW TO HIGH TECHNOLOGIES. CAPITALsoid water purification SMALL ENTERPRISES WITH A DEPENDABLE AND ABUNDANT SUPPLY OF ENERGY, SMALL ENTERPRISES CAN BEGIN TO MOVE BEYOND THE LIMITATIONS OF HUMAN PRODUCTION. BY INCORPORATING LOW TECH SOLAR TECHNOLOGY INTO BUSINESS PRACTICE, INCREASE OF OUTPUT AND PROFIT BECOMES AN AFFORDABLE POSSIBILITY. INDUSTRY WITH A GROWTH IN SOLAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATION, FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR INDUSTRIES CAN OCCUR. OTHER RELATED INDUSTRIES CAN THEN BE IMPLEMENTED, AS A REGULAR AND DEPENDABLE ENERGY SOURCE IS AVAILABLE.entrepreneus 28. PHASINGPHASE 1VOCATIONAL SOLAR SCHOOLNGO ACTING IN ETHIOPIA, THROUGH THE EXPERIENCE GAINED IN THE YEARSIN ETHIOPIA, DECIDED TO INVEST IN SOLAR ENERGY LIKE ONE OF THE MOSTIMPORTANT WAY FOR SUSTAINABILITYPHASE 2SOLAR ROOFOLAR COMPANY DECIDES TO INVEST IN THE CITY, EXPERIMENTIG NEW SOLARSYSTEM THE ARE INTEGRATED WITH THE REST OF THE CITYPHASE 3CAMPUS 29. PHASINGOLAR COMPANY DECIDES TO INVEST IN THE CITY, EXPERIMENTIG NEW SOLARSYSTEM THE ARE INTEGRATED WITH THE REST OF THE CITYPHASE 3 CAMPUSTHE RESEARCH BECOMES A KEY ELEMENT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEWTECNICS AND MATERIAL. TROUGH GOVERNMENTAL INVESTMENT IS BUILT ATECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITYPHASE 4 SOLAR PARABOLIC FIELDSOLAR TECH BEGAN TO TEST NEW TECHNOLOGIES INCLUDING:NEWER, MORE EFFICIENT AND SMALLER SOLAR PANELS, PARABOLICMIRRORED SOLAR COLLECTORS POWERING STIRLING ENGINES AND NEWINDUSTRIES ARE ATTRACTED 30. URBAN SCALE SOLAR PARABOLIC FIELD SOLAR STATIONSOLAR ROOF STRUCTURE 1:1000 31. URBAN SCALE 32. URBAN SCALE 33. URBAN SCALE 34. SOLURBIA 35. SOLURBIA NETWORKGONDARPOTENTIAL DEVELOPMENTPOTENTIAL DEVELOPMENTAZEZO AYKEL SOLURBIA POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENTPOTENTIAL DEVELOPMENTSOLURBIAGORGORAADIS ZEMEN POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT LAKE TANA WEROTAKM1 KM 10 36. CONCLUSION TOP-DOWNBUTTOM UP 37. CONCLUSION BOTTOM UP TOP-DOWN