Fenestration in buildings

7/28/2019 Fenestration in buildings

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Presented by : Rohit Agarwal (12541010)

MIED,IIT ROORKEE


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1.What is Fenestration?

2. Governing Body for Fenestration

3. Benefits of Improving Fenestration

4. Types of Windows

5. Anatomy of Window

6. Types of Glazing/Glasses

7. Energy Rating8. NFRC Label

9.Manufactures of Glazing system and Doors


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What is fenestration

The word fenestration comes from the Latin wordfenestra ("window").

In general, it refers to openings in a structure.

In architecture construction and building:

Fenestration, refers to the design and/or disposition of openings ina building or wall envelope.

Fenestration products typically include: windows, doors, louvers, vents,

wall panels, skylights, storefronts, curtain walls, and slope glazed

systems.


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NFRC

The governing body for fenestration rating is NFRC

NFRC stands for National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) it is a

not-for-profit 501(c)(3) organization, is an American National Standard

Institute (ANSI) Accredited Standards Developer (ASD) and develops

and administers comparative energy and related rating programs for

fenestration products.


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Why Does the NFRC Label Matter?

It is important because this label provide us with the knowledge of:

Whole Product RatingsThe NFRC involve testing of the full window --including glass, frame, spacers, and any other component that is a

permanent part of the complete product.

Information You Can Trust The NFRC Label is the only window labelthat provides Certified Ratings that are acquired through independent

testing of the product.

A Fair and Accurate Basis for Comparing ProductsRatings on theNFRC Label have been achieved through standardized test methods at

independently operated laboratories. This standardized method allows us to

compare Certified Ratings on the NFRC Label of Manufacturer A to those

on the Certified Label of Manufacturer B for equal and fair comparisons.


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Confidence That the Product You are Buying Will Meet Your NeedsThe NFRC Label provides the performance information that we need to

determine how the window will perform in the home.

A Way to Verify the Accuracy of the LabelThe NFRC rating processprovides you with a way to verify that the Certified Ratings provided on the

NFRC Label are accurate via the Certified Products Directory (CPD).

The NFRC Label provides the manufacturer name, the type of window, as

well as the Full CPD Number, making searching the database for the product

a snap


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BENEFITS OF IMPROVING FENESTRATION

Improve Day lighting

Improve Energy Efficiency

Improve Comfort

Reduce Fading

Improve Safety and Conform to Codes


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Improve Day lightingIn the past, many commercial buildings used reflective or tinted glass

products to reduce solar heat gain through the windows , but these

products also reduce the amount of visible light. This reduction inVisible Transmittance (VT) can lead to an increase in the amount of

artificial lighting needed in buildings.

So to take the advantage of the day light Spectrally selective glasses

are used. These glasses block or re-rediate the IR energy and thusreducing the solar gain from windows while maintaining higher levels

of visible light transmittance.

Spectrally-selective glass canblock radiation from the sun and

still allow high levels of visiblelight -- reducing the needfor electrical lighting


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Improve Energy EfficiencyWindows may appear passive, but in reality they are always

performing. They affect the flow of heat in and out of the building, as

well as the amount of natural light, and this influences how muchelectricity we need to use to keep the room comfortable.

By improving the performance of your

windows, you may be able to save on energy

bills to heat, cool, and light your home.


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Improve ComfortWith the poor quality of fenestration i.e. the windows which are not

well insulated can create drafts in the building.

During the winters , Windows and doors with lower U-factor ratings

will lessen this effect, reduce the feeling of draft, and lower heating

bills.

But during the summer season it is much more difficult to cool a room

with poor quality of window because the sun is able to directly

influence and heat the air temperature of the room. So ,Windows with

lower Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) will lessen this effect and

improve the ability to efficiently keep a room cool lowering coolingbills and reducing frequent temperature fluctuations.


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Reduce FadingSolar radiation is the main cause of fading.

UV radiation is responsible for about 40-60 percent of the damage.UV radiation enters a home through its windows.

Single-pane glass reflects about 25 percent of the sun's UV radiation

while insulating glass reflects up to 40 percent.

Using low-E coated glass provides additional protection, reflecting

up to 74 percent.

Some window film products and laminated glass products can blockup to 99 percent of UV radiation.

Window film is the combination of a form of transparent plastic and

an adhesive, which creates a light, reflective covering for windows..


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Improve Safety and Conform to Codes

In some instances, replacing old windows can improve the safety ofthe home.

For added security, window options that incorporate wire mesh toreduce penetration can also be purchased. These windows can be

used to prevent burglary and may reduce damage to windows in areas

that are prone to flying debris.


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Windows

Single-hung - means thatone of the windows sashes is

fixed in place and does not

move.

Double-hungmeans thatboth sashes in a frame are

operable.


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Types of Windows

Awning Window:A window that opens from a top hinge

and projects outward.

Casement Window:A window containing one or moreside-hinged openings that open either outward or inward. A

conventional casement window has a sash that projects outward.

Dual Action Window:A window that operates in twodifferent ways -- typically, the window consists of a sash

that may tilt from the top or may swing inward from theside.


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Greenhouse/Garden Window:A window unit that consists ofa three-dimensional, five-sided structure generally protruding

from the wall in which it is installed. The window may or may not

open.

Hinged Escape / Rescue / Egress Window:A window thatopens wide enough to allow escape from inside (and entrance forrescue workers). Many building codes require egress windows in all

bedrooms that do not have doors that exit the building. For example,

a basement room can not be described as a bedroom unless there

is an egress window (and large enough window well) or door to the

exterior of the building.


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Transom:A non-operable window that is often installed aboveeither another window or a door. Transoms may consist of a

glazed frame or a non-operable sash within a frame.

Skylights:skylights may also be flat panels (similar to aregular windows) with a purpose of all is to provide

additional natural daylighting into the building


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Anatomy of a Window

This image represents a DOUBLE GLAZED vinyl window.

Glazing:The transparent or semitransparent in-fill material in a glazing system.

Glass:An inorganic, amorphous substance, usually transparent, composed of silica(sand), soda (sodium carbonate), and lime (calcium carbonate) with small quantities

of other materials.

Wi d f d ib d b h b f l i h i


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Windows are often described by the number of glazing they contain:

Single-Glazed=one pane of glass

Double-Glazed=Two panes of glass

Triple-Glazed=Three panes of glass*Quad-Glazed=Four panes of glass*

*In some instances, at least one layer of glass may be replaced by a

lighter transparent material to lessen the weight

The space between the layers of glass is filled with a gas or

combination of gasses, which is then sealed in place, creating a sealed

insulated glazing unit.

The gases used are Argon, Krypton, Xenon

The lower the emissivity of the glass, the lower the rate of heat loss

and the lower the U-factor.


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Spacer:The component that separates and maintains the space between the glazing

surfaces of an insulating glass unit (IGU), excluding any sealants.

Current spacers may be made of metal, non-metal materials, or a

combination of both. Because they are located within the window structure.

Spacers can affect the overall window performance rating based on

the conductance of the material(s) from which they are made.Frame:The enclosing structure of a window, door, or skylight which fits into the wall or roof

opening and receives either glazing, sash, or vents.

Types: Wood, metal (aluminum), vinyl, fiberglass, and composite (combination ofmaterials)

The choice of frame material for the window can depend on many factors like style

preference, cost, building needs (weight of material, for example). Material choice

can also affect the windows overall rating performance.


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Glass

There are variety of glasses that are used in fenestrationbased on following characteristics:

Thermal Insulation

Solar ControlSafety & Security

Fire Resistance

Noise Control

Self-cleaning


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Thermal insulation

Thermal insulating glass for windows are also known as "low-E" (for

low-emissivity) glass

These usually forms the inner pane of an insulating glass unit (IGU).

Low-E glass allows solar heat to pass into a building and warm the

interior

Recent regulations call for the use of energy-efficient products to cut

CO2 emissions and protect the environment.
http://www.glassforeurope.com/en/issues/glazing-solutions.php


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Solar controlDesigned to reduce or prevent solar heating of buildings.

There are two approaches that can be used: the glass is either tinted(colored) throughout the material (called a "body tint"),

or else it has a microscopically thin and transparent coating on one

side.

These technologies reduce the solar heating that tends to take place in

large buildings, and thus reduces the need for air-conditioning.

It is therefore an energy-saving technology.


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Safety and securityTo improve its resistance to impact and breakage, glass can be either

toughened or laminated.

Toughened glass offers a distinct safety advantage, not only being less

likely to break but also, when it does break, producing very small

fragments that are relatively harmless.

Laminated glass can be made so strong that it is practically impossible

to break through

Application could be in bullet-resistant applications.

In the case of breakage, fragments adhere to the flexible "interlayer"between glass layers, reducing the chance of injuries.


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Fire resistanceA range of fire-resistant glass types is available that offers

increasing levels of protection, which is measured in defined

time periods (30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes).

Fire-resistant glass must meet strict levels of integrity and

insulation

Fire-resistant glass must always be specified as part of a

tested and approved glazing system and installed by

specialists to be sure of reaching expected fire performance


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Noise controlIts benefits are greatest for people living or working near busy high

streets, urban traffic, motorways, railway lines and airports, or on a

flight path.

The acoustic glass in a double-glazed unit uses a special interlayer

that acts as a dampening core so that sound energy is effectively

blocked from passing from the outside to the inside pane of glass.

Acoustic glass can be combined with many other products for

multifunctional glazing, such as thermal insulation, solar control, and

self-cleaning glass.

lf l i l


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Self cleaning glassSelf-cleaning glass has been coated with a special dual-function layer

that harnesses the elements windows namely, sun, and rain - to break

down and wash away dirt.

This first function is photo-catalytic is to break down the dirt that

collects on it.

The second function is to spread rain-water evenly over the glass.

Most glass is hydrophobic (water-repellent), causing water to bead

into droplets before it runs off, thus touching only a fraction of the

surface.

The hydrophilic self-cleaning coating prevents this beading into

droplets, causing water to run across the entire surface, washing away

the components that the dirt has been broken down into.


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Energy RatingsWhat the Ratings Mean?In order to apply the ENERGY STAR label to products, manufacturers

must first test their FENESTRATION products according to NFRC

procedures, which include independent testing at NFRC approved

laboratories.

The NFRC label provides ratings for U-factor and Solar Heat GainCoefficient, and Visible Transmittance (required ratings), and may

include information on testing for Air Leakage and Condensation

Resistance.
http://www.nfrc.org/WindowRatings/The-NFRC-Label.html


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U f
http://www.nfrc.org/WindowRatings/The-NFRC-Label.html


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U-factormeasures how well a product prevents heat from escaping a building.

U-factor ratings generally fall between 0.15 and 1.20.

The lower the U-factor, the better a product is at keeping heat insidethe building.

U-factor is particularly important during the winter heating season in

colder climates.

Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC)

measures how much heat from the sun is blocked.

SHGC is expressed as a number between 0 and 1.The lower the SHGC, the more a product is blocking solar heat gain.

Vi ibl T itt (VT)


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Visible Transmittance (VT)measures how much light comes through a product.

VT is expressed as a number between 0 and 1.

The higher the VT, the higher the potential for daylighting

Air Leakagemeasures how much outside air comes into a building through a

product.Air leakage rates typically fall in a range between 0.1 and 0.3.

The lower the air leakage, the better a product is at keeping air out.

C d ti R i t


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Condensation Resistancemeasures how well a product resists the formation of condensation.

Condensation resistance is expressed as a number between 1 and

100.The higher the number, the better a product is able to resist

condensation.

Other Options while purchasing a window

Water infiltrationmeasures the amount of water and pressure that a window can resist

to keep the water from leaking through it.The higher the water infiltration rating, the better the window is at

resisting water leakage.

Structural performance ratings :


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Structural performance ratings :measure the amount of air pressure (wind load) a window can resist

before failing.

The amount of structural pressure ratings required for windows in

the area is often determined by local code requirements.

The higher the structural performance ratings, the more wind load a

window can resist.

Acoustical performance ratings :measure the amount of sound transmission through a window.

The higher the sound transmission rating, the better the product is at

blocking noise from coming through the window.

Security performance ratings :measure the ability of a window to resist different types of forces.

For example, there are burglar-resistant windows, fire-resistant

windows, bullet-resistant windows, wind-borne debris-resistant

windows, and many others.

Th NFRC l b l


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The NFRC labelThis label should remain on window until after the final inspection.

The various elements on the NFRC label are :

The U-factor

Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC)

andVisible Transmittance (VT)

Air Leakage and Condensation Resistance ratings are optional and

manufacturers are not required by NFRC to test their products forthese.
http://www.nfrc.org/windowratings/documents/FactsheetWinEnergyPerf3.jpg


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M f f Wi d d
http://www.nfrc.org/windowratings/documents/FactsheetWinEnergyPerf3.jpg


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Manufactures of Windows and

doors in India

Sound Of SilenceMumbaiAddress: No. 334, Adie Mansion, M. S. Ali Road, Grant Road East, Mumbai - 400 007,

Maharashtra, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(22)-23011952 / 23011953 Fax: +(91)-(22)-23011751

Preferred Number: 08376806044

Website:http://www.acousticindia.net/acoustic-fire-solutions.html

Tisya Impex Private LimitedPuneAddress: Shiba S. No. 261/2/9, Plot No. 11- A, Silver Oak Society, Baner Road, Pune -

411 045, Maharashtra, India

Phone: +(91)-(20)-27291624 Fax: +(91)-(20)-27291624


Website:http://www.indiamart.com/tisyaimpexpvtltd/doors-window.html

Poly Extrusions (India) Private Limited


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Poly Extrusions (India) Private LimitedNew DelhiAddress: G. I. - 33, G. T. Karnal Road, Industrial Area, Azadpur, New Delhi - 110033,

Delhi, India

Phone: +(91)-(11)-27438588 / 25535373 Fax: +(91)-(11)-27438588Preferred Number: 08447538934

Website:http://www.polyextrusions.com/pvc-windows.html

LEISTER TECHNOLOGIES INDIA PRIVATE LIMITEDChennaiAddress: Plot No. 32, 1st Link Street, Nehru Nagar, Old Mahabalipuram Road

Kottivakkam, Chennai - 600 041, Tamil Nadu, India

Phone: +(91)-(44)-24543436 / 24543444 Fax: +(91)-(44)-24524543435

Website:http://www.lipipolymers.com/


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Shreejee Glass & GlazingGhaziabadAddress: No. 2/17, Sector - 2, Rajendra Nagar, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad - 201 005, Uttar

Pradesh, IndiaPhone:+(91)-(120)-4134155 / 4137956 / 4137857 Fax: +(91)-(120)-4137857


Website:http://www.indiamart.com/shreejeeglass/upvc-windows-doors.html

Shobha ProductsVadodaraAddress: 159, GIDC Makarpura Industrial Estate, Vadodara - 390 010, Gujarat, India

Phone:+(91)-(265)-2638306 / 2638406 Fax: +(91)-(265)-2638551


Website:http://www.mosaictiles.co.in/upvc-windows-doors.html


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