Feedlot presentation dr david hutcheson
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Transcript of Feedlot presentation dr david hutcheson
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Nutrition and
Feedlot Business Model David Hutcheson, Ph.D.
Animal Agricultural Consulting International
Scroggins, Texas
Email [email protected]
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Pakistan Cattle
Bos Indicus Bos Taurus
Sahiwal Cholistani Red Sindhi
Holstein
Non descript
Market Cattle Purchased for Feedlots and Abattior
150kg to 300 g
Crossbred
Impressions and Evaluations
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Impressions and Evaluations
• Cattle – 42 million
• Qurbani – 3 to 4 million cattle
– Cattle fed and 24 months old
– 250 to 650 kg
• Ramadan – 2 to 3 million cattle
– 250 to 400 kg
• Export – 500,000
– 240 to 320 kg
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Impressions and Evaluations
• Forages – Rhodes Grass - Rye grass – Maize – Sorghum – Alfalfa – Berseem
- Residues (Straw)
• Grains – Maize –Wheat- Potatoes
• By Products – Wheat Bran – Maize Bran – Oil Seed Cakes – Rice Polishing
– Bakery Waste – Molasses – Maize Gluten – Beet Pulp – Other Agro Manufacturing by Products
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Impression and Evaluation
• Export Market – Export Demand
• Directly from Market
• Fed Cattle
• Feedlot Development – Produce and consistent supply of Export Beef
– Produce a better quality carcass Export Beef
– Produce Domestic Market
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Impression and Evaluation Challenge
• Cattle Availability – Qurbani and Ramadan Market
• Specific time period
– Export and Domestic Market
• Daily Demand
• Development Feedlots – Available Feedstuffs
– Cost Effective Production
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Impression and Evaluation Challenge
• Develop New Export Markets – Control of FMD
– OIE Guidelines
• Compartment
• Zone
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Lets Feed Cattle
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Processing
• OIE Foot Mouth Disease (FMD) protocol
• Recommended Vaccinations
• De Worming
– External Parasites
– Internal Parasites
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Gross Energy Feed Intake
Fecal Energy Losses
Feed Origin - Endogenous Origin
Digestible Energy
1. Urinary Energy Losses - Feed Origin - Endogenous
2. Gaseous Products of Digestion Losses
Metabolizable Energy
Heat Increment Losses
Heat of Fermentation - Heat of Nutrient Utilization Net Energy
1. Maintenance
Basal Metabolism -Voluntary Activity - Thermoregulation
2. Production Growth Gain - Muscle - Lipid
subtract
subtract
subtract
Nutrition Science
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Energy Feeds
• Starch
– Highly Digestible
– Can lead to acidosis
• Neutral Detergent Fiber
– Energy source that is not Starch
• Net energy of maintenance
• Net energy of Gain
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Nutrition Science
• Formulation - Best Cost Ration
– Percent Moisture
– Crude Protein
– Net Energy of Maintenance
– Net Energy of Gain
• Predict Intake and Gain
– Net Energy of Maintenance
– Net Energy of Gain
• Protein
– Muscle development (meat)
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Nutrition Science
Days Dry Matter Consumption Body Weight
1-7 1.5 % (0.55)a
1- 14 2.3 % (0.50)a a Standard deviation
Starting Cattle
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Nutrition Science
Ingredients Starter Rhodes Grass Hay % 20.0
Wheat Bran,% 34.0
Rice Polishing , % 22.0
Maize , % 12.0
Cane Molasses 10.0 Minerals, Vitamins and other,% 2.0
Total 100
Starter Ration
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Nutrition Science
Ingredients Starter Rhodes Grass Green Chop % 20.0
Wheat Bran,% 34.0
Rice Polishing , % 22.0
Maize , % 12.0
Cane Molasses 10.0 Minerals, Vitamins and other,% 2.0
Total 100
Starter Ration
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Nutrition Science
Nutrient Dry Matter Basis
Protein ,% 13.5- 14.5
Net Energy of Maintenance (NEM) Mcal/kg 1.50 – 1.65
Net Energy of Gain (NEG) Mcal/Kg .80 – 1.10
Calcium, % 0.75 – 1.0
Phosphorus, % 0.3 – 0.4
Potassium, % 1.20 – 1.40
Vitamin A and E +
Minerals and Other +
Dry Matter, % 80 - 85
Ration Specifications Starter
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Nutrition Science
Nutrient As fed Dry Matter
Dry Matter % 87.8 100 NEM MCAL/kg 0.67 1.47 NEG MCAL/kg 0.43 0.94 Crude Protein % 12.6 14.3 Crude Fat 3.3 3.8 Crude Fiber % 9.9 11.3
NDF (Neutral Digestible Fiber) 24.6 28.1 ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber) 12.0 13.6 Cost/Kg, $Rs Hay 16.5 17.7
Cos/kg, $Rs Green Chop 15.5 21.1
Starter Calculated Nutrients
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Nutrition Science
Ingredients Percentage
Corn Silage % 20.0
Wheat Bran % 33.0
Rice Polishing % 33.0
Maize % 12.0
Minerals, Vitamins and other % 2.0
Total 100
Feed Formulation Finisher Ration
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Nutrition Science
Nutrient Dry Matter Basis
Protein ,% 13.5 – 14.5
Net Energy of Maintenance (NEM) Mcal/kg 1.80 – 1.90
Net Energy of Gain (NEG) Mcal/Kg 1.15 – 1.25
Calcium, % 0.65 – .75
Phosphorus, % 0.3 – 0.4
Vitamin A +
Vitamin E +
Dry Matter, % 65 - 80
Ration Specifications Finisher
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Nutrition Science
Nutrient As fed Dry Matter Dry Matter % 78.4 100
NEM MCAL/kg 0.84 1.85
NEG MCAL/kg 0.55 1.20
Crude Protein % 10.8 13.8
Crude Fat 4.0 5.1
Crude Fiber % 4.9 6.3
NDF 14.00 17.86
ADF 6.31 8.05
Cost/Kg, $Rs 16.72 21.32
Finisher Ration Calculated Nutrients
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Nutrition Science
Item As Fed
Dry Matter
Intake Kg TMR 8.6 6.6
Percent Body Weight Intake, % 2.88 2.26
Feed To gain 7.29 5.43
Average Daily Gain , kg/daily 1.20 Cost per Day 140.72 Cost per kg of gain 117.28
Finishing Phase 2
Finishing Ration Performance and Cost
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Nutrition Science - Art
Ingredient % Accumulate Individual
Maize Silage 20 200 200
Wheat Bran 33 530 330
Rice Polishing 33 860 330
Maize 12 980 120
Minerals, Vitamins and other 2 1000 20
Mix the Ration Total Mixed Ration - Develop a Batch Sheet
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Nutrition Science - Art
Feeding
• Feed 2 times per day
• Evening Feed 55 % to 65 %
• Morning Feed 35 % to 45 %
• Feed TMR
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Nutrition Science - Art
Day 1 of Arrival Good Quality Hay 1.5% Body weight
Day 2 -3 1% BW Hay and 0.5% Starter TMR
Day 3 -4 0.5 % BW Hay plus 1.0% Starter TMR
Day 5 to 15 Starter TMR
15 to 18 days 75% starter and 25 % Finisher
18 to 21 days 50% Starter and 50% Finisher
21 to 24 days 25% Starter and 50% Finisher
Day 25 to end Finisher Feed
Starting and Finisher Cattle
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Nutrition Science - Heat Stress
Lower Upper
Critical Critical
Temperature Temperature
Intake
NEM
Cold Heat
Stress Stress
TMZ
Cool Warm
Cattle 00
240
(320) (74.3
0)
Low High
EFFECTIVE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
450 to 500
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Nutrition Science
• Heat Stress
– Increase Energy for Maintenance
– Decrease Intake
– Alters Digestion
– Alters Nutrient Absorption
– Alters Metabolism
– Alters Acid Base Regulation
– Alters Physiological Functions
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Nutrition Science - Art
Environmental
–Clean Cool Water
–Air Movement
– Tied Cattle
• Un Tie
• Give more space
Heat Stress
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
• Protein
– Increase Undegradeable Protein (By
Products that are heat treated)
• Energy
– Increase Fat (7% dry Matter)
– Higher NDF
• Minerals (DMB)
– Na 0.3 - 0.4
– K 1.2 - 1.5
– Mg 0.25 - 0.35
Nutrition Science - Art Ration Changes
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Demands For
Optimum
Performance
Production
Needs
Maintenance
Needs
Weaning
Critical Events
Source
Disease
Co-mingling
Transportation
Environment
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Feedlot Business Model 1 (Most Popular)
Markets
Feedlots Finish Farms
Cattle Purchase Weights 160 to 240
Contract Sell Direct
Abattoir
Cattle Sale Weights 280 to 350
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Feedlot Business Model 2 (Proposed by Exporter)
Markets
Lariage Abattoir Sorted by Feedlot
Qurbani and Ramadan
Feedlots Finisher Finish Cattle for 60 to 90 days
Abattoir
Cattle Purchase weights 180 to 250
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
90 kg to 220 kg 110 to 130 days
220 kg to 400 kg 150 to 160 days
Dairy Milk Feeding 60 days
Grower Feedlot Feedlot
Feedlot Business Model 3 - Dairy Beef
High Quality Export Meat
Weaning
Calf 1 to 3 days of age Birth to 90 kg to 100 kg 90 to 110 days
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Way Forward
• Feedlot – Feed and Economic Management Program
– Improve Feeding Program To Best Cost Of Gain
– Feed To Receive Maximum Intake Let Cattle Tell When To Increase Feed
– Explore Cattle Genetic Potential
• Abattoir – Increase Carcass Weight
– Develop a Grading System
– Vacuum Packaging
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Technology
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Technology
• Ration Formulation Program Software
• Feedlot Management Program Software
• Total Mixed Ration (TMR)
• Improve Genetics
U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Thank you for your attention
David Hutcheson, PhD. Animal-Agricultural Consulting International
Amarillo, Texas USA Email [email protected]