Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research ... · Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab...
Transcript of Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research ... · Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab...
William Ofori Appaw
Mycotoxin and Food Analysis Laboratories
Department of Food Science and Technology
KNUST. Kumasi, Ghana
Feed the Future Innovation Lab
for Collaborative Research on
Peanut Productivity and Mycotoxin
Control
GHANA PMIL VALUE CHAIN
Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
Overview of Peanut and Mycotoxin Innovation Laboratory
Peanut and Mycotoxin Innovation Laboratory
– Research Target Areas
– Research Portfolios
– Ghana Peanut Value Chain
Available Technologies
Links for additional information
OUTLINE
Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
Feed the Future
Role of government
Dual focus on poverty reduction
and improving nutrition
Staples-led economic growth
Dietary diversification:
legumes, animal source foods
S&T for development
Photo: Borlaug Foundation
Overarching Goal: Sustainable Intensification
Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovative Lab (PMIL)
WHO ARE WE?
a unique network of U.S. colleges & universities and partner country (Africa &
North America) research and educational institutions
based in University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
(administration office)
OUR MANDATE
increase productivity and profitability of peanut
production
improve nutrition and food safety
mitigate the impacts of contamination of peanuts
and other crops by mycotoxins.
Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
Why Peanuts? Global importance (39 million tons, 95% in
developing countries)
Highly nutritious (protein, fiber, unsaturated fats, RUTF/RUSF)
Valuable as a legume in cereal systems (fixes nitrogen)
Often a women’s sustenance (and cash) crop
Priority value chains in Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia
Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
Why Mycotoxin? Contaminate numerous crops, and livestock products
Reduce quality and marketability
Carcinogenic with serious health effects
Linked with childhood stunting
Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
Peanut value chains in 5 countries
USA
Haiti
Ghana
Malawi
Mozambique
Zambia
Mycotoxin mitigation across crops
PMIL’s Focus Countries
Supporting Research Activities:
Mali
Senegal
Ethiopia
Kenya
Uganda
Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
PMIL Research Targets PRODUCERS BUYERS
Cost-Effective
Mycotoxin Detection
Contaminated Material Uses
Small-Scale Mechaniza-
tion
Improved Varieties & Agronomy
Effective Drying
Options
Effective Storage Options
Storage
Harvesting
Drying Shelling
Quality Checks
OVERALL QUALITY CHECK/ASSURANCE
Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
PMIL Research Portfolio
Improved peanut varieties
Mycotoxin management
Seed production
Post-harvest handling & processing
Market opportunities
•Breeding
•Genomics
•RNAi
•Aflagoggles
•Blood samples
•Detection options
Sampling strategies
•Haiti Value Chain
•Ghana Value Chain •Post-harvest intervention study
•Malawi/Mozambique/Zambia
Value Chain
•Pre-harvest economics
•Prenatal nutrition study
Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
Ghana Value Chain Objectives
• Village value chain (field, drying, storage, sales*)
• Variety development and evaluations
• Post Harvest and Processing
• Socioeconomic survey*
• Farmer Field Schools and education programs
• Graduate student programs
• Discipline studies supporting graduate programs
Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
Village Value Chain Identify critical points and
develop adoptable interventions along the value chain
– Good Agriculture Practices • Application of oyster shells
• Application of local high potash based soap for management of aphis (a vector for rosette virus)
• Weed management
– Drying options (tarpaulin, improved solar driers etc)
– Storage options (hermatic bags etc)
Involve national programs/institutes to build local capacity, including training
Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
Field Production
Samples to KNUST
Drying
Storage
Selection of 2 villages ≈10 farmers per village
(Both Major and Minor seasons)
Farmer Practice
Weeding once
Best Management Practice
-Alata soap - Application of oyster shells - Weeding twice
Tarp Bare ground Bare ground Tarp
Poly sack on cement floor
Poly sack on cement floor
Poly sack on cement floor
Hermetic
bag on pallet
Hermetic
bag on pallet
Hermetic
bag on pallet
Poly sack on cement floor
Hermetic
bag on pallet
Samples to KNUST
Samples to KNUST
Fig 1. Workflow for Ghana Village Value Chain
Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
Preliminary Aflatoxin Analyses
Practice
Field (Harvesting Stage)
Drying Stage* (Ground vs Tarpaulin)
Storage Stage+
(Poly Sag vs Hermatic Bag)
Aflatoxin Level
Aflatoxin Level
% Reduction
Aflatoxin Level %
Reduction
Farmer** ND
4.68 – 51.90 (38.24) 50 - 97
(85)
6.62 – 438.79 (133.22) 86 - 99
(95) Improved** ND
1.49 – 21.21 (5.94)
0.88 – 31.36 (10.89)
Table 1. Effect of interventions on Aflatoxin Levels (ppb)
Aflatoxin Analysis done using HPLC based on AOAC Official Methods ND = Not Detected *Solar dried to reach average moisture content of 6.25% +Storage ≈ 9 months at ambient temperature ** pooled data for Drobonso Village, Ashanti Region, Ghana, 2014/2015 Major Season. Values are min – max (average) Peanut Variety: Konkoma/Chinese
Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
• Development and evaluation of improved cultivars across regions – Aflatoxin Resistance, Drought
resistance etc Germplasms (ICRASAT, CSIR-CRI, CSIR-SARI)
• Evaluation of inputs and biotic/abiotic stress on aflatoxin control
• Transfer of technology and knowledge across regions
Variety Development and Evaluation
Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
Table 2. Evaluation of new germplasms from ICRISAT and CSIR-CRI, Ghana+
+ on-station trail at CSIR-CRI, Kwadaso *pooled from 14 germplasm lines **pooled from 6 germplasm lines
Source Incidence of Rosette Aflatoxin Level (ppb)
ICRISAT* < 50% (n=8) 0.17 - 1.48
> 50% (n=6) 1.97 - 3.57
CSIR-CRI** < 20% (n=6) 0.31 - 1.11
P>F (source of germplasm) <0.0001
Table 3. Effect of Drying Techniques on Aflatoxin
*pooled from 3 different new germplasms planted at on-station trail at CSIR-CRI (on station side at Kwadaso) after 4 weeks at 8.23% moisture content
Preliminary Aflatoxin Analyses
Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
Processing • Development and evaluation of
drying, sorting, and storage
practices/technologies for aflatoxin
management
• Identification of best practices
(GMP, GHP, HACCP plans)
appropriate for SMEs, especially
aflatoxin sampling and mitigation
• Aflatoxin contaminated waste
stream management and alternative
uses
Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
Capacity Building
National programs/institutes to
build local capacity, including
training
Farmer Field Schools and
education programs
Multi-disciplinary Graduate
student programs
Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
• Improved varieties (drought tolerant, disease resistant, higher yield)
• Agronomy practices (knowledge, manuals)
• Post-harvest technology (drying, storage, mechanization options)
• Processing technology (shellers)
• Market options (local, RUTF, export)
• Detection systems (ELISA, HPLC, test strips)
• Knowledge (peanuts, mycotoxins)
Available technologies
Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
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Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)