Feed the Future Ethiopia

Resilience in Pastoral Areas (RiPA North)

Rapid Gender Analysis for Afar Flood

September, 2020 [Version I]

Author,

Tigist Kebede – CARE Ethiopia

www.care.org

Acknowledgements

This RGA has benefitted from the valuable contributions from CARE Ethiopia colleagues, especially Abinet Tasew

The views in this RGA are those of the author alone and do not necessarily represent those of USAID, Mercy Corps or CARE or

associated programs, or that of any other partners.

Cover page photo: Afar team DISCLAIMER

This report made possible through the generous support of the American people through the U.S. Agency for International

Development (USAID) under the Feed the Future initiative. The contents of the document are the responsibility of CARE and

Mercy Corps and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.

Contents

Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................... i

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ 1

Key findings ..................................................................................................................................... 1

Key recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 2

Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 2

Background information- Afar Flooding ........................................................................................... 2

The Rapid Gender Analysis objectives ............................................................................................ 3

Methodology........................................................................................................................................ 3

Findings and analysis.......................................................................................................................... 4

Gender Roles and Responsibilities.................................................................................................. 4

Capacity and Coping Mechanisms .................................................................................................. 4

Access ............................................................................................................................................. 5

Participation ..................................................................................................................................... 6

Protection ......................................................................................................................................... 7

Needs and Aspirations ..................................................................................................................... 7

Sector Programming ........................................................................................................................ 7

Conclusions......................................................................................................................................... 8 Recommendations .................................................................................................................................. 8

Overarching recommendation ......................................................................................................... 8

Area Specific Recommendations..................................................................................................... 8

Component 1- Improved Disaster Risk Management Systems and Capacity................................. 8

Component 2- Diversified and Sustainable Economic Opportunities for People Transitioning Out of Pastoralism Particularly Youth and Women ................................................................................ 9

Component 3- Intensified and Sustained Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Production and Marketing.. 9

Component 4- Improved and Sustained Nutrition and Hygiene Practices ...................................... 9

Stakeholders’ Recommendations .................................................................................................. 10

Health office ................................................................................................................................... 10

Women, Children and Youth Affair’s.............................................................................................. 10

Disaster prevention and food security program coordination office (DPFSPC) ............................ 11 Annexes ................................................................................................................................................ 12

Annex: Tools and Resources Used .................................................................................................. 12

Abbreviations

BOA- Bureau of Agriculture

COVID-19 Novel Coronavirus 2019

CTP- Cash Transfer Programming

DPFSPC- Disaster Prevention and Food Security Program Coordination Office

EFDR- Ethiopian Federal Democratic Republic

GBV- Gender-Based Violence

IDPs- Internally Displaced Persons

MFI- Microfinance institution

NFI- Non Food Items

NGO- Non Governmental organization

NMA- National Methodology Agency

PLW- Pregnant and Lactating Women

PWD- Persons with Disability

RGA- Rapid Gender Analysis

RiPA- Resilience in Pastoralist Areas

SRH- Sexual and Reproductive Health

UNICEF- United Nations Children’s Fund

WASH- Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

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Executive Summary

At the beginning of August 2020, heavy rain in the highland areas of Amhara and Tigray regions of Ethiopia and overflow of Awash River with a change of its direction has caused severe flooding in Afar region. Up to the second week of September 2020, the number of flood affected woredas has reached 13 and 240,000 people are affected by the flood. Out of which, 72,282 people are displaced.

According to Afar regional Shelter/NFI cluster meeting report, the flood has created a vast amount of damage in most RiPA targeted woredas of Afar including Ayssaita, Afambo, Dubti, Garani and Mile. People in these areas are displaced from their homes to temporary shelters and/or sleeping outside as most of shelters and houses are totally damaged or lost in flood. The loss of livestock and pasture land due to the flood have caused extensive distress and loss of livelihoods livestock production is the backbone of both women and men livelihood. The flood and loss of livelihoods particularly endangers women who are engaged in small and micro business and immediate income generating activities. The loss of means of livelihood is causing individual emotional trauma and loss of social disciplines which further initiate family conflict and breakdown which leads to child labour migration. In this crisis, People’s migration to other nearest towns in search for means of livelihood is anticipated and it may put adolescent girls and women at risk for child labour, domestic violence and gender based violence.

The limited access to provide basic food items for flood affected communities is causing nutrition and health complications for pregnant women and children under five. Moreover, most government IDP centres i.e schools have limited rooms in their compound, that are not able to adequately accommodate the continuously rising number of IDPs exiled from different woredas. As a consequence, the school shelters are over -crowded with people which extremely increases the risk of COVID 19, as well as risk of malaria, cholera and other communicable diseases.

Key findings

• The Gender role in controlling of resources

that has been dominated by men before the flood has been shifted to women in the crisis. Currently, women are given more opportunity to control and manage resources which are basically provided for emergency response support in the IDPs.

• Lack of separate latrine and bathing place

for women and men in the IDP centres as well as a private spot for women to lactate their children and change cloths has created a massive distress and leading women to SRH complications.

• Inadequacy in the provision of sanitation

and hygiene kits is a critical concern for adolescent girls and women to maintain personal and menstrual hygiene.

• Poor habit of saving money has caused

huge impact on both women and men to cope up with such crisis.

• The majority of women who are engaged in

micro and small-scale businesses have been highly affected and deprived by the disaster.

• Malnutrition cases are increasing in

pregnant women and under 5 children within the IDPs

The access to clean water for drinking as well as sanitation purpose along with the lack of menstrual hygiene kits is one of the major challenge identified in flood affected areas. Furthermore, due to lack of separate latrines and bathing for women and men, people mostly use open spaces to defecate, this may not only put women to safety and security risks, but intensifies the concern of reproductive health complications.

This Rapid Gender Assessment (RGA) is intended to assess and identify the impact of Afar flooding on both women and men, girls and boys. Hence the findings will inform the response project planning and response actions according to the needs, vulnerabilities and resilience capacities of both women and men. The RGA has utilised both primary and secondary data collection methods to obtain the required information; field observation and Key Informant Interviews (KII) are mainly used as the primary data collection techniques and regional and woreda flood emergency meeting minutes and assessments reports are used as the key source of secondary data.

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Key recommendations

• Collaboration is needed between RiPA Component 1 and 4 with the Afar regional health office to consider the installation of mobile or temporary latrines and bathing facilities for women and men separately in the IDP centres.

• The provision of sanitation and hygiene kits for adolescent girls and women is undisputable and is a

critical concern recommended to be addressed. This issue should to be addressed by RiPA Component 4 team, as per the given role in the project.

• In consultation with the regional health office, immediate responses should be developed by

Component 4 for pregnant women and under five children, to provide high energy and nutrient- dense food for the most affected woredas.

• It is recommended to Component 2 team to coordinate with the woreda’s financial institutions to

support and recover women owned small and micro businesses with commodity based cash based transfer (CTP) or cash-based voucher systems.

• There was a general observation and evidence from the field data collection that women are using

their ability of effectively managing and spending humanitarian aid resources. This is a good opportunity to demonstrate women empowerment roles. Efforts should be directed towards ensuring equitable men and women control over the available resources, both in household and public level.

Introduction

Background information- Afar Flooding

The dry lowlands of Ethiopia are seasonally affected by long periods of low rainfall and coinciding with rainfall in the northern highlands flood waters which flow onto the lowlands resulting in damage to landscapes and settlements.1 The flood mainly occurs during the main highland rainy season, which extends from June to September; the season is characterized by high volumes of rain widely distributed across adjacent highland areas. Afar is one of the most flood prone regions in Ethiopia; flood events are primarily caused by the overflow of the Awash river during rainy seasons also known as Kirmet and the Rivers subsequent change of its direction. Other factor are the occurance of flash floods caused by excessive rain events in the highland areas of Amhara and Tigray regions.2 As indicated on the Afar CARE field rapid flood assessment report 2020, both categories of flooding cause damage to property and social infrastructure and, at times results in human displacement with associated shelter, health and food security impacts. Field records on flooding in Afar region from 2006 to 2019 indicates that a total estimation of 277,212 persons were affected by flooding.3

Following National Metrology Agency (NMA 2020) that forecasted heavy amount of rain in the lowland areas of Afar, dissemination of early warning messages and community deployment has been undertaken for the anticipated flood prone areas by the regional government and various NGOs. However, the heavy

1 https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/assessing-potential-locations-flood-based-farming-using-satellite- imagery-case-study 2 Afar rapid flood Assessment report, August, 2020 3 ibid

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rain starting from August 6, 2020 has created a major impact on almost all areas of Afar. According to the regional flood task force flood monitoring report (August, 2020), up until the second week of September 2020, the number of affected woredas has reached to 13 and an estimated 240,000 people are affected by the current flood. Out of the total affected people, 72,282 are displaced due to the release of water from Koka Dam and overflow of Kebena river in Awash Sebat Kilo; and around 4,915 people were evacuated using emergency helicopter transport. However, the number of affected people is increasing due to continuous torrential rains in most woredas of the region, as well as in the adjacent highlands.

The Afar regional government, with the support other regions and NGOs have been struggling to respond for the non-stop and severe emergency concerns. People affected in different woredas have been provided with basic food and non-food items. Women, children and persons with disabilities have been more exposed and affected by this crisis, mainly because of their gender and social roles, biological differences and low economic status. As indicated in the Afar field flood monitoring report 2020, the total number of displaced in need of urgent food assistance is 96,985; among which half are from the above mentioned vulnerable groups.

In is noted that several studies have also revealed that women and children have greater risks to their survival and recovery in the aftermath of such natural disasters as they have fewer resources to prevent, cope with, and adapt to such disasters.4

The severity of the situation was confirmed by various field reports from and media and the situation is infact still evolving. If the heavy rainfall continues, more joint collaboration is required within and between the government, NGOs and civic associations to support and rescue the growing numbers of people at risk.

The Rapid Gender Analysis objectives

This Rapid Gender analysis has the following main objectives:

• To assess and identify the different impacts of the flood both current and potential, on women, men, boys and girls.

• To inform RiPA project planning and response mechanisms based on different needs, vulnerability

and resilience abilities of women and girls and men and boys in most flood affected areas of Afar.

• To further inform regional government task force actor interventions and coordinate on the responses

Methodology

The Rapid gender analysis is conducted by adopting both primary and secondary data collection methods. The data collection has been undertaken from August 26- 28, 2020 in three most affected RiPA project implementation weredas of Afar; Ayssaita, Afambo and Dubti. The primary data is collected using two major data collection tools,

• Key informant interviews; • Field observation

4 https://blogs.worldbank.org/sustainablecities/why-engaging-women-and-children-disaster-risk- management-matters-and-how-it-makes-difference

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The key informant interviews involved the affected kebele Administrators and community representatives. The field observation mainly focused on recording the significant changes to the basic infrastructural aspects and livelihood impacts of women and men.

Secondary data were gathered mainly from the following sources,

• Regional flood task force flood monitoring report (August, 2020) • Ayssaita flood field visit report (August, 2020) • Afar rapid flood assessment report (August, 2020)

The RGA will be updated as new information becomes available and the humanitarian situation evolves. The key findings from this preliminary RGA is used to make key recommendations to ensure that RiPA, BoWYA and partners emergency response is appropriately tailored to the needs of men, women, boys and girls in Afar.

Findings and analysis

Gender Roles and Responsibilities

Control of resources

Before the flood occurred, all productive resources and assets like livestock are mainly controlled by men but after the crisis, this role is shifted to women. However, it is particularly limited to emergency response supports. The main reason identified for the role change is that women tend to manage and spend humanitarian aid resources efficiently in the IDPs, specially whenever there is a shortage of aid provision from government and NGOs.

Division of (domestic) labour

Before the crisis, women are primary caregivers and responsible for all household duties, whereas, men are mostly engaging in livelihood activities; such as crop farming and herding cattle. After the community were displaced from their living area, men become idle in the camp and therefore have started helping their wives on cooking duties, taking care of children, bringing fire wood and fetching water for the women to prepare food.

Decision making within the household

Afar society have a cultural practice to make decision in any area of concern using “Medea” which does not involve women at all. Women have no power over decision making processes even if it the issue concerns the women themselves. This practice still continues in the crisis, women have totally no part in making decision that concerns the household.

Capacity and Coping Mechanisms

Livelihoods

The flood has caused permanent damage to farming lands and livestock which has affected both men and women’s livelihoods. The majority of the population are engaging in livestock production activities and the flood has resulted in significant livestock losses through death. According to Afar national regional state disaster prevention and food security program coordination office (DPFSPC) press release, 21,000

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livestock and 41,000 hectare of land has been destroyed due to the flood. As a result, the products such as milk and the income from trading livestock is totally disrupted; currently the IDPS can only attain their basic needs through government or NGO support. Women who are engaging in micro businesses and agro products trading are affected by the flood hence they are turning to other livelihood options. For example, an old women is observed making traditional mats for sale in Ayssaita to generate income to fulfil her families basic needs. According to her, ‘this is one way to cope up with the crises, as there is not enough amount of food provided since they are evacuated from their houses.’ People are also sharing food to cope up with the shortage of food.

The field monitoring reports further indicated one concern which directly related to means of livelihood. Most of the household members in the local community are dependent on one family member thus, the lack of livelihood and not able to fulfil the basic family needs may further create family breakdown and Child labor Migration

Financial Literacy; Savings

According to the primary data, Afar society have limited experience on saving and credit. They consume what they have on hand and share with each other. Moreover, the access and awareness to financial institutions is very low as most of the population resides in rural areas and only travel to towns for market and basic medical health issues. According to the data recorded from both women and men IDPs, their poor culture of saving has highly affected their capability to cope up with the flood crises, they were empty handed when the flood occurred and are now only relying on the government and other source of support to meet their daily basic needs.

Access

Mobility Analysis

In the Afar community, women are limited to travel to town unless they are sick or to purchase household goods. They are busy with home based household chores, taking care of children and sometimes helping men on the farm. Men are more opportunistic when it comes to mobility and can travel whenever and wherever they want to. In the flood crisis, the mobility restriction is not only limiting women but most of the men are also restricted as roads are filled with flood and make it difficult and risky to travel, even to manage personal and social concerns.

Access to services and resources

Services

Access to these services

Water

There is no clean water access both for women and men. In some woredas, even though they have pipe water they do not have material that will be used to fetch and store water.

Food

There is a high shortage of food, weak nutrition status has been identified on Pregnant and Lactating Women (PLW) and Children under five.

Clothes

The majority of IDPs only have the cloths they are wearing / were wearing during flood evacuation time and everything was lost by the flood. Especially, Women and children’s are struggling with only limited clothes to put on.

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NFI Distributions

All the service provided until now are distributed equally for both women and men. But there a lack of provision in sanitary pads for adolescent girls and women is a key gap.

Health Services

In the IDP centre people are congested in one room which is exposing for

COVID 19 pandemic and other sanitation problems. Moreover, there is no safe

spaces where children and adolescents can access psychosocial support or

recreational activities.

Reproductive Health Services

Lack of separate area for women and men is making it challenging for women to dress up and breast feed children. All women have difficulty in maintaining personal and menstrual hygiene. There is also a shortage of contraceptive and other reproductive health care drugs.

Latrines

There are no latrines or bathing/toilet around the IDP centres. They have to walk miles for open defecation.

Sanitation

There is a shortage of hygiene material support done for women’s and no private area to change clothes and overcrowd in one space creates an unsafe environment. For women’s it become hard to access sanitation and hygiene material because there are no female staff providing service in the IDP centres.

Protection

Women and men are anticipated to migrate to other areas in search of livelihoods which in particular exposes women for domestic violence, and gender based violence.

The above table shows the basic resources and service access limitations encountered by both women and men due to the flood crises. As it is indicated on the table, women are mainly affected by lack of food, shortage of sanitation and hygiene kits and birth control medications.

Participation

Decision making about humanitarian services

Decision making about humanitarian service is mostly engages men, but women are given the management part to organize the aid (food, cloth, washing materials…) for all family members for consumption. As most of the KII indicated, this is because the community believes women can fairly and efficiently manage these aid resources similar to the household resources.

Participation in programs and assessments

Prior to the flood crises, Women participation is less in Afar society because they majorly involved or burdened on household responsibilities and for this reason, they have limited time to attend any development program activities and assessments. Men are usually the lead on engaging in different programs and assessments. During the flood crisis, women are observed participating in different organizational assessments and intervention activities in the IDPs centres.

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Women’s organisations

While conducting the RGA, there was no active women’s organization however, every government sector informs they have women task force. For example regional health office have a group called “YE TENA SERAWIT” and women, Youth and children affair’s office also indicated that they have a task group but all of them are not responsive for the flood crisis.

Protection

According to the field report, there is no security concern in any of IDP centres and in order to prevent such safety and protection concerns, peace committee have been established. Up until this assessment is conducted, there is no incidence of rape/sexual violence, sexual exploitation or GBV formally reported yet. Whenever there is a protection issue, girls or women usually prefer to approach their own family member, community or clan leader, rather than reporting to the legal body.

However, there are future concerns reported on the field monitoring report; the impact of the flood may further create women and men to migrate to other areas in search of new livelihoods, which in particular exposes women for domestic violence, and gender based violence.

Needs and Aspirations

According to field observation, beside the critical need of food and water, shelter has been identified as one of the major concerns in most flood affected woredas. The IDPs centres are usually overcrowded with people which puts both men and women at risk for COVID-19 infection and other transmitted diseases. Moreover, weak nutritional status has been identified for under five children and pregnant and lactating women (PLW). Most children are also encountering symptoms of diarrhea, vomiting and fever due to change in eating habit and content (before the crisis they were predominately using cow’s milk).

Sector Programming

Community outreach

Before the flood crisis, the regional government of Afar activated the Regional Flood Taskforce which is led by DPFSPCO. In collaboration with UN agencies and other NGOs membership, the taskforce have disseminated early warning information for preparedness measures in communities living in flood-prone woredas especially in lower and mid-Awash woredas. However, there were no current and gender related awareness sessions facilitated on the anticipated flood crisis.

Resources used

After the flood occurred, the regional government took immediate action by evacuating communities in highly flood affected woredas, including using helicopter support. With the supplementary support of other regions and NGOs, distribution of food and ES/NFIs including medicines, hygiene materials and plastic sheets for shelter.

A particular gender sensitive intervention has been accomplished by UNCIEF through providing 5000 dignity kits for adolescent girls and women to Ayssaita woreda IDP site. In addition, SNNP region has provided packed milk for vulnerable groups particularly for children and lactating women.

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Conclusions

The flood crises is not affecting the population selectively rather, both women and men lives are jeopardized because of the disaster. However, women and children are exposed and specifically affected by this disaster in a number of ways. These include the lack of sanitation and hygiene kits for adolescent girls and women, loss of small and micro businesses and lack of separate latrines and private spots for women in IDP centres to change clothes and breast feed their child.

There is a need for comprehensive interventions with proper understanding of gender dynamics. Women and children have specific needs which should be given due attention for prioritized emergency response by the government and/or NGOs. Women’s and women’s task forces participation in the flood emergency response is limited.

Recommendations

Overarching recommendation

This Rapid Gender Assessment report should be updated and revised as the flood crisis unfolds and relief efforts continue. Up-to-date gender analysis of the shifting gender dynamics within affected communities allows for more effective and appropriate programming and will ensure humanitarian assistance is tailored to the specific and different needs of women, men, boys and girls and people with other vulnerabilities.

It is recommended that program components continue to acknowledge, give attention and collaborate to respond on the observed changing gender roles and needs.

Area Specific Recommendations

Component 1- Improved Disaster Risk Management Systems and Capacity

• No safety and protection cases has been reported in the flood crisis so far. However, GBV concerns

are anticipated. It is identified that women tend to approach their family members whenever they are experiencing such safety and protection problems. For this issue, it is recommendable to closely consult with peace committee and regional women, children and youth affair’s office to raise the community awareness on GBV concerns and create a suitable information dissemination, digitized GBV case tracking and documenting database system.

• Counselling and mental health support should be provided for women, men, boys and girls through

entryways such as information dissemination and awareness sessions to deal with the crises. This has to relate with basic training to frontline humanitarian implementing staffs or volunteer workers on Psychological First Aid and integrating GBV prevention and response into programming.

• There was a general observation and evidence that women using their ability of effectively

managing and spending humanitarian aids. This is a good indicator to demonstrate the value of changing women roles and women empowerment. Rehabilitation and recovery efforts should be

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directed towards ensuring equitable control, for man and women, over the available resources, both in household and public level.

• While there is a finding that women are mainly responsible for with household chores and

productive roles, men are being seen in the IDP centres performing some household duties and child care activities. Thus, there is a need to promote equal division of domestic labour through community awareness raising and continuously strengthening male engagement so that they appreciate their complementarity role and reduce women’s time limitation to participate in productive development works.

• While men are still taking the lead in participating and making decision in humanitarian services,

there is a few sections of activities observed that participates women and requires their role in decision making. These role change beginnings should be promoted and encouraged through acknowledging the efforts or contributions made by women in this difficult time.

Component 2- Diversified and Sustainable Economic Opportunities for People Transitioning Out of Pastoralism Particularly Youth and Women

• There is immense opportunity to support the affected community with income generating economic

activities, including women who were engaged in micro and small-scale business through value or commodity based Cash Transfer Program (CTP) programs. This may include actions such as female-focused cash for work opportunities, cash transfers, commodity or cash-based voucher systems. This will enable them to acquire decent accommodation, fulfil the family basic need and further to recover from the flood crisis and build new sustainable means of livelihood.

• It is critically recommended to improve the level of financial literacy and establish the culture of

saving of the local community to build their resilience capacity in such crisis events. It is important to promote VSLAs as entry points and collaborate with woreda financial institutions, MFIs, and Banks to enhance community cash saving awareness and provide saving, credit and loan services.

• It is required for the component further plans and develops strategies to work on some livelihood

diversification options for IDPs to engage and sustain their livelihood during the flood recovery period.

Component 3- Intensified and Sustained Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Production and Marketing

• Component three leads in collaboration with regional BOA- Livestock office is expected to promote

commercial destocking of livestock including small ruminants to also benefit women who have relative control on small ruminants than large livestock. This is specially recommended for the anticipated flood prone woredas in the next few weeks

• Women headed households affected by the flood should be prioritized for fodder and veterinary

drug provision support

Component 4- Improved and Sustained Nutrition and Hygiene Practices

• WASH facilities (latrines and bathrooms) around the IDP centres are inadequate and are placing marginalized groups, such as persons with disabilities, women, children and the elderly in distress. Any facility that does exist is often not segregated by sex. There is need for WASH facilities in IDP

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centres either through providing mobile accessories or temporary construction; in a way that is accessible to people living with disability, women, men, girls and boys including having them disaggregated by sex.

• Additionally, mobilize community-level institutions in self-help response and action in the

construction of temporary emergency trench latrines in the IDPs.

• Provision of sanitary and hygiene kits for adolescent girls and women is highly recommended and a consultative process with women, and women with disabilities is needed to ensure the provision of suitable and appropriate materials.

• There is a need to collaborate with regional health office to fill the gap in addressing the nutrition

and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) service gaps most particularly, in the provision of contraceptive medications and high energy, and nutrient-dense foods for pregnant women and under 5 children.

Stakeholders’ Recommendations

Health office

• Apart from the provision of food items, more work is required to respond for the NFI needs in such crisis i.e, supply of sanitary pads, latrine/ bathing places, and counselling and therapy services for IDPs who are highly traumatized with the disaster.

• More focus should be given in obtaining information on the malnutrition status and intensity of

women and children through quick assessment and verification mechanism.

• Emergency response activities needs to follow the pre-cautions for COVID 19 specially in IDP centres, frequent awareness to alert the IDPs and emergency staffs has to be provided,

• The access of reproductive health services should be strengthened in this disaster, especially in

the provision of contraceptive drugs and counselling services.

Women, Children and Youth Affair’s

• There is a need to seizing the moment in the areas of workload sharing and household decision making. The RiPA team should collaborate with the regional/zonal/Woreda women, children and youth affair’s office to lead community wide-gender sensitization events including through men engagement strategies.

• The RiPA team should work with the DPFSPC committee and the women, children and youth affair’s office to ensure women’s participation and leadership in the emergency response and recovery initiatives.

• Women, children and youth affair’s need to strengthen gathering and documenting gender dis- aggregated information, i.e. protection and safety so as to ease the crisis response procedure.

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Disaster prevention and food security program coordination office (DPFSPC)

• It is recommended for DPFSPC office to improve the dissemination of gender specific early warning

messages or awareness before the crisis occurred and to share gender disaggregated information after the crisis.

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Annexes

Annex: Tools and Resources Used

CARE standard RGA tools are mainly adopted for this RGA. To collect the primary data the first two data

collections were used, as necessary additional information resources were used to acquire reliable

data.

• https://insights.careinternational.org.uk/images/in-practice/RGA-and-measurement/4._key_informant_interview_tool.doc

• https://insights.careinternational.org.uk/images/documents/rapid-gender-analysis/RGA---Gender-and-Protection-Audit.doc

• https://insights.careinternational.org.uk/images/in-practice/RGA-and-measurement/rga_template.docx

• Exchange of emails and phone calls with CARE Afar field team

• Ethiopia TV channels i.e. daily news

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Tel: +41 22 795 10 20 Fax: +41 22 795 10 29

cisecretariat@careinternationa.org www.care-international.org

CARE Gender in Emergencies:

emergencygender@careinternational.org

http://gender.care2share.wikispaces.net/Gender+in+Emergencies

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