Feed & Feeding of Ruminant

8/6/2019 Feed & Feeding of Ruminant

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Feeds & Feeding of ruminants


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7/26/2 011 1 2

P olarized source of P rotein, fiber and fat

Balanced source of P rotein, Energy, fat,Vitamins, Micro & macro minerals,

C ompound feed of ruminantsB alanced nutrient source

Agro by products Balanced feed


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V alue comparison of commonly used ingredients

IngredientsCotton

seed cakeGNC Maize

RicePolish

DORBB alanced

Feed

Crude Protein H igh

Fat

Energy

Crude fiber Medium

Minerals Low

Digestibility

Cost Rs/kg 14 18 11 10 7 10


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BI S Feed Specifications

Sl. No. CharacteristicRequirement

*T ype-1 *Type-21. Moisture, percent by mass, Max. 11 112. Crude protein (N x 6.25), percent by mass, Min. 22 203. Crude fat, percent by mass, Min. 4.0 2.54. Crude fibre, percent by mass, Max. 10 125. Acid insoluble ash, percent by mass, Max. 3.0 4.0

6. Salt (as NaCl), per cent by mass, Max. 1.0 1.07. Calcium (as Ca) per cent by mass, Min. 0.8 0.8

8. Total phosphorus, per cent by mass, Min. 0.5 0.5

9. Available phosphorus, per cent by mass, Min. 0.25 0.2510. Urea, per cent by mass, Max. 1.0 1.011. Calcite powder, per cent by mass, Max. 1.0 1.012. Vitamin A, I.U./kg, Min. 7000 700013. Vitamin D 3, I.U./kg, Min. 1200 120014. Vitamin E, I.U./kg, Min. 30 3015. Aflatoxin B 1 (ppb), Max. 50 50

*As per BI S specifications 2009


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Protein

P rovides Supply of amino acids to the smallintestineNitrogen for microbial growth

Will contribute to increased ration costMore nitrogen wasted in urine & dungIn longer run may lead reproductionproblems

Less availability of amino acids from feedMay limit fiber digestion and microbialgrowthLess milk production in animals takingthe feed

E ssential for health and immunityMaintain the milk production &SnF

Importance

If too muchIf not enough

Benefit to the animal


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Fat

P rovides important fatty acids essentialfor production & health

Important source of energy in the ration

May limit fiber digestion, free fat istoxic to microbes in rumenBy-pass fat should be included toprovide fat above 2.5%

May limit milk & milk fat %Feed pellets may not have shineMore friction to the dye

C oncentrated source of energy inthe ration

E ssential to maintain the milk fat% & production

Importance

If too muchIf not enough

Benefit to the animal


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Common feeding practices in India

Grazing + Water (without concentrate)

Dry roughages + little concentrate + water

Green fodders + little concentrate + water

1. Feeding by conventional methods

Dry roughages + green fodders + water + without conc.

Adequate roughages + very less concentrate by experience

Adequate roughages + adequate concentrate/ extra conc.


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Dry matter requirement (per day)

Cattle : 2 - 2.5 kg Dry matter / 100 kg B. Wt

Buffalo : 2.5 - 3.0 kg Dry matter / 100 kg B. Wt

2. Thumb rule method

Criteria for feed formulation

Body weight : 400 Kg

Milk Yield : 10 Liter

Dry matter Intake : 2 - 3 Kg Per 100Kg BW

i.e. 8 - 12 Kg for 400 Kg BW


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Total Dry Matter

2/3 rd Roughage 1/3 rd Concentrate

2/3 rd Dry Roughage(Straw)

1/3 rd Green Roughage (Grass)

9 0%DM

10%Water

9 0% Water

10% DM

3.5 - 4.5 kg Straw 20 30 kg Green

(4 -5kg) (3 4 kg)

(10kg)



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G uidelines for feeding in Indian condition

Straw Concentrate

Maintenance 4 kg 1.25 kg

Lactation 4 kg 1.25 kg + 1 kg extra per 2 to 2.5 kg of milk

Pregnancy 4 kg1.25 kg + 1.25 kg for pregnancymaintenance



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Feeding of animals lactating animalsB ased on the calculated requirement of the animals based onfeeding standards.

R equirements DM (kg) CP (kg) DCP (kg) TDN (kg)

Main te nanc e(400kgB.wt)

0.36 0.25 3.10

Produ c t ion (15kg)4.5%f a t 1.07 0.75 5.32

Tot a l 14 1.43 1.00 8.42

3. Scientific feeding of dairy cattle


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Kg DM CP DCP TDN

Non leguminous 25 5.0 1.35 0.2 3.25

Leguminous 15 3.0 0.45 0.36 1. 9 5

Wheat/paddy straw 2.2 2.0 0.07 --- 0.80

Concentrate

(CP-20, DCP-16, TDN-72)4.4 4.0 0.80 0.64 2.88

Total 14 2.67 1.20 8.88

F eed in g reg ime n

3. Scientific feeding of dairy cattle


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Feed & Feeding of Ruminant

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