FederalismFederalism

3 types of governmental systems3 types of governmental systems

• Unitary systemUnitary system

• Federal systemFederal system

• Confederal systemConfederal system

Unitary System

Central Government

States

Citizens

Federal System

Central Government

Citizens Citizens

State or regionalgovernment

State or regionalgovernment

Confederal System

Central Government

Citizens Citizens

State or regionalgovernment

State or regionalgovernment

Disadvantages of Federalism:Disadvantages of Federalism: • States and local governments can block important States and local governments can block important

national policies such as civil rights national policies such as civil rights

• Allows the power of local interests to go uncheckedAllows the power of local interests to go unchecked

• Allows for big variations in how people are treated Allows for big variations in how people are treated

• States and local governments may lack the necessary States and local governments may lack the necessary expertise and money to accomplish important goals expertise and money to accomplish important goals

AdvantagesAdvantages of Federalism of Federalism

• Allows for big variations in terms of how Allows for big variations in terms of how people are treated people are treated

• States can become “laboratories of States can become “laboratories of democracy”democracy”

• Federalism enhances political participation Federalism enhances political participation • Therefore, it can increase “political efficacy” Therefore, it can increase “political efficacy”

Federalism: The Great DebateFederalism: The Great Debate

• National Standards versus Local DiscretionNational Standards versus Local Discretion

• Examples?Examples?

Federalism and the FoundersFederalism and the Founders

• Nation-Centered (Federalist Perspective)Nation-Centered (Federalist Perspective)

• State-Centered (Anti-Federalist Perspective)State-Centered (Anti-Federalist Perspective)

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

• The IssuesThe Issues

• Significance?Significance?

The Anti-Federalist PerspectiveThe Anti-Federalist Perspective

• States’ Rights & John C. CalhounStates’ Rights & John C. Calhoun

• The Doctrine of NullificationThe Doctrine of Nullification

• Implications?Implications?

Evolution of FederalismEvolution of Federalism

• Dual Federalism (1865-1933)Dual Federalism (1865-1933)

• Cooperative Federalism (1933-1960)Cooperative Federalism (1933-1960)

• Role of the Great DepressionRole of the Great Depression

• FDR and the "New Deal“FDR and the "New Deal“

• Escalating perception of poor state performanceEscalating perception of poor state performance

Fiscal FederalismFiscal Federalism

• Categorical GrantsCategorical Grants

• Block Grants Block Grants • Example: Community Development Block Example: Community Development Block

GrantGrant

• General Revenue SharingGeneral Revenue Sharing

Other ConceptsOther Concepts

• Morton Grodzins: Marble cake versus layer Morton Grodzins: Marble cake versus layer cake theorycake theory

• Unfunded Mandates Unfunded Mandates