Federal University Otuoke - FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ... Reviewed...Federal University Otuoke EIA iv...

FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

(EIA) REPORT

FOR

THE PROPOSED PERMANENT SITE OF THE FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OTUOKE (FUO), OGBIA LGA,

BAYELSA STATE

SUBMITTED TO

FEDERAL MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, ABUJA

August, 2015.

Federal University Otuoke EIA

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Table of Content Page

Chapters and Titles ii List of Figures v List of Tables vi List of Plates viii List of acronyms viii List of EIA Preparers x Executive summary xi Acknowledgement xxvii

Chapter One Introduction 1.1 Background Information 1-1 1.2 Objectives Of The EIA 1-3 1.3 Scope Of The EIA 1-3 1.4 Project Location 1-4 1.5 Administrative and Legal Framework EIA Methodology 1-6 1.5.1 Federal Regulations / Guidelines 1-6 1.5.2 State Regulations 1-11

1.5.3 International Conventions and Guidelines 1-11 1.6 The EIA Premises/ Process 1-14 1.7 Terms Of Reference (TOR) 1-16 1.8 Structure Of The Report 1-16 1.9 Declaration 1-18

Chapter Two Project Justification 2.1 Introduction 2-1 2.2 Need for the Project 2-2 2.3 Value of the Project 2-4 2.4 Envisaged Sustainability 2-4 2.4.1 Economic Sustainability 2-4 2.4.2 Technical Sustainability 2-4 2.4.3 Environmental Sustainability 2-5 2.4.4 Social Sustainability 2-5 2.5 Project Alternatives 2-5 2.5.1 Project Design/Technology 2-5 2.5.2 Alternative site 2-5 2.6 project Options 2-6 2.6.1 The ‘No Project’ or do Nothing Option 2-6 2.6.2 Delayed Option 2-6 2.6.3 Permanent Site Development Option 2-6

Chapter Three Project Description 3.1 Background 3-1

3.2 Mobilization Phase 3-2 3.2.1 Land Take 3-2


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3.2.2 Site Preparation, Land Clearing and Excavation 3-2 3.3 Construction Exercise Phase 3-3 3.3.1 Access road survey and bush clearing 3-3 3.4 Operating and Maintenance Philosophy 3-4 3.5 Decommissioning and Abandonment 3-5 3.6 Waste Generation 3-5 3.7 Project Schedule 3-7

Chapter Four Environmental Baseline 4.1 General Study Approach 4-1 4.1.1 Description of Sampling Locations 4-1 4.1.2 Literature Review 4-1 4.2 Baseline Data Acquisition Methods 4-2 4.3 Results and Discussion 4-7 4.3.1 Climate 4-7 4.3.1.1 Meteorology 4-8 4.3.2 Air Quality 4-11

4.3.3 Ambient Noise 4-16

4.3.4 Topography 4-16

4.3.5 Soil 4-16

4.3.6 Land Use / Cover 4-21

4.3.7 Hydrogeological and Geophysical Studies 4-22

4.3.8 Vegetation 4-28

4.3.9 Wildlife 4-31

4.3.10 Aquatic Studies 4-34

4.3.11 Socio-Economics 4-62

Chapter Five Potential and Associated Impact Assessment

5.1 Impact Assessment Methodology 5-1 5.2 Development of Interaction Matrix 5-4 5.2.1 Sensitivities 5-4 5.2.2 Project Activities 5-4 5.3 Impact Assessment 5-6 5.4 Identified Impacts from FUO Permanent site Project 5-9 5.5 Significant Positive Impacts 5-16 5.5.1 Generation of Capital from Land Compensation 5-16 5.5.2 Increase in Economic Activities 5-16 5.5.3 Increase in employment and business opportunities 5-17 5.5.4 Skills acquisition 5-17 5.5.5 Utilization of vegetation off-cuts by Communities 5-17 5.5.6 Decrease in Commercial Waste Generation 5-17 5.5.7 Potential for Increase in Stock of Farmland 5-18 5.6 Significant Negative Impacts 5-18 5.6.1 Increase in Respiratory Tract Diseases 5-18 5.6.2 Community Unrest 5-18 5.6.3 Loss of habitat 5-19 5.6.4 Reduction in Biodiversity/Loss of Flora and fauna 5-19 5.6,5 Increase in Potential for Road Traffic Volume 5-20


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5.6.6 Increase in potential for road traffic incidents 5-20 5.6.7 Influx of people 5-21 5.6.8 Increase in noise and vibration levels 5-25 5.6.9 Reduction in Air Quality (dust, exhaust fumes) 5-26 5.6.10 Damage to Existing Roads 5-27 5.6.11 Changes in Landscape 5-27 5.6.12 Threat to Health of Workers (snake bites, insect stings, injuries etc) 5-27 5.6.13 Soil degradation and Soil / Groundwater Contamination 5-28 5.6.14 Injury to workers 5-28 5.6.15 Increase in Breeding Grounds for Disease Vectors and other Agents of Diseases 5-29 5.6.16 Increase in Nuisance 5-30 5.6.17 Blockage of Natural Drainage 5-30 5.6.18 Degradation from Soil Compaction 5-30 5.6.19 Change in Topography of the Soil 5-31 5.6.20 Potential for Inhalation of Fumes 5-31 5.6.21 Relative Drop in Economic Activities 5-32

Chapter Six Mitigation and Amelioration 6.1 Introduction 6-1 6.2 Residual Impacts after Mitigation Measures 6-16 6.2.1 Community Unrest 6-16 6.2.2 Stress on Existing Security Structures 6-17 6.2.3 Changes in Local Population 6-17 6.2.4 Pressure on Existing Infrastructure and Utilities 6-17 6.2.5 Increase in Inflation Level 6-18 6.2.6 Injuries to Workers 6-18 6.2.7 Threat to Health of Workers (snake bites, insect stings, injuries, etc.) 6-18 6.2.8 Increase in Noise Level (during Mobilization, construction, operation decommissioning

and restoration 6-19

6.2.9 Potential for Community Unrest (from employment issues, pollution and resistance to dismantling of equipment)

6-19

6.3 Enhancing Positive Impacts 6-20 6.3.1 Utilization of off cut vegetation by Communities 6-20 6.3.2 Increase in Economic Activities 6-20 6.3.3 Increase in Employment and Business Opportunities 6-20 6.3.4 Skills Acquisition 6-20 6.4 Mitigating/Enhancing Cumulative Impacts 6-21 6.5 Stakeholder Perceptions 6-21

Chapter Seven Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

7.1 The Objectives of the EMP 7-1 7.2 Management Organization 7-1 7.2.1 Use and Maintenance of the EMP 7-2 7.3 Regulatory Compliance 7-3 7.4 Detailed Design Guidelines 7-3 7.5 Implementation of Mitigation and Enhancement Measures 7-3 7.6 Transport Operations 7-4 7.7 Prevention of Accidents/Incidents 7-5 7.8 Training and Awareness 7-6 7.9 Maintenance Programme 7-6 7.10 Construction Guidelines 7-7


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7.10.1 Site Preparation/Clearance 7-7 7.10.2 Use of Public Rights of Way 7-7 7.10.3 Archaeological/Heritage Sites 7-7 7.10.4 Health and Safety of Workers 7-8 7.10.5 Emergency Response 7-8 7.10.6 Pollution Control 7-9 7.10.7 Waste Management Guidelines 7-10 7.10.8 Prevention of Erosion 7-12 7.11 Operational Guidelines 7-13 7.11.1 Maintenance Philosophy 7-13 7.11.2 Operational Wastes and Disposal Methods 7-14 7.11.2.1 Solid wastes 7-14 7.11.2.2 Liquid wastes 7-14 7.11.2.3 Gaseous Wastes 7-14 7.11.3 Noise Minimization Guidelines 7-15 7.12 Site Inspection Procedures 7-15 7.13 Audit Programme 7-15 7.13.1 Objectives 7-16 7.14 Environmental Monitoring Plan 7-16 7.15 Managing Stakeholder Perceptions 7-26 7.16 EMP and Community Development 7-26

Chapter Eight Conclusion and Recommendation References Appendices

List of Figures: 1.2 Flow Chart of the FMEnv EIA Procedure 1-15 3-1 Engineering diagrams 3-8 4.1 EIA sampling Map of FUO 4-3 4.2 Average temperature data for Port Harcourt between 1981 - 2011 4-9 4.3 Average rainfall data for Port Harcourt between 1981 - 2011 4-9

4.4 Percentage Wind Speeds 4-10 4.5 Diurnal Wind Direction 4-10 4.6 Land use Distribution. 4-22 4.7 Spatial distribution of pH in the study area. 4-36 4.8 Spatial distribution of Temperature in the study area. 4-37 4.9 Spatial distribution of conductivity and total dissolved solids. 4-37 4.10 Spatial distribution of turbidity. 4-38 4.11 Spatial distribution of pH in the study area during rainy season. 4-41 4.12 Spatial distribution of Nitrate and Phosphate during rainy season. 4-41 4.13 Percentage composition of the phytoplankton phylum in the study area 4-45 4.14 Spatial variation of the density and number of species of the phytoplanktons in the

sampling stations 4-45

4.15 Spatial variation of the phytoplankton bio indices in the sampling stations 4-46 4.16 Percentage composition of the zooplankton phylum 4-50 4.17 Spatial variation of the density and number of species of the zooplanktons in the 4-50


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sampling stations 4.18 Spatial variation of the zooplankton bio indices in the sampling stations 4-51 4.19 Percentage composition of the Benthic fauna phylum 4-55 4.20 Spatial variation of the density and number of species of the Benthic fauna in the

sampling stations 4-55

4.21 Spatial variation of the benthic fauna bio indices in the sampling stations. 4-56 4.22 Fishing gear composition of the study area 4-60 4.23 Population of the surveyed Communities 4-65 4.24 Income Distribution 4-76 4.25 Occupation Distribution 4-85 4.26 Average monthly income of Respondents above 15 years old 4-86 4.27 Alcohol and Cigarette Use 4-86 4.28 Distribution of sexual partner in the project area. 4-87 4.29 Sources of treatment for sexually transmissible Infections 4-88 4.30 Sources of HIV/AIDS Infection. 4-88 4.31 Proportional mortality in under-fives 4-95 4.32 Type of Meal Eaten 4-96 4.33 Perceived sources of noise 4-101

List of Tables:

2.1 Zoning Proposal of infrastructure 2-7 3.1 Expected Waste Streams from the Project 3-6 3.2 Timing and Implementation Schedule 3-7 4.1 Environmental Components and Methods/Instruments used for

sampling/measurement/analysis 4-4

4.2 Field Measurement 4-7 4.2b Summary of Meteorological conditions of the study area (rainy season) 4-8 4.3 Average Weather Condition for Port Harcourt between 1981-2011 (30 yea 4-9 4.4 Measured Gaseous Concentrations in the study area (Rainy Seasons), 2013 4-11 4.5 Measured Particulate and heavy metal concentrations in the study area 4-15 4.6 Summary of physical parameters of Soils in the Study area. 4-17 4.7 Summary of Data on the Chemistry of Soils for the Project Area 4-19 4.8 Soil Macro Fauna 4-21 4.9 Ground Elevations and Ground Water Table at Boring Locations at the Federal

University Project Site 4-23

4.10 Summary of Bearing Capacity Values Derived from Field SPT Soundings 4-25 4.11 Physicochemical parameters of Borehole water in study area. 4-26 4.12 Microbiology of groundwater 4-27 4.13 A checklist of the tree/shrub species recorded in the study area 4-28 4.14 Result of phytochemical analysis of selected plants in the project area 4-30 4.15 Wildlife Inventory and Conservation Status in the Study Area 4-32 4.16 Evidence of wildlife presence by transect, during the survey 4-33 4.16b Results of Laboratory Analysis for Surface Water Samples 4-34 4.17 Summary of Physicochemical Characteristics of Surface water Samples for rainy

season 2013. 4-35

4.18 Summary of microbiological characteristics of surface water 4-39 4.19 Results of Laboratory Analysis for Sediment Samples 4-40 4.20 The Species composition, Density and distribution of phytoplankton in the study

stations 4-46

4.21 The Species composition, Density and distribution of zooplankton in the study stations 4-51


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4.21b The Species Composition, Density and Distribution of Benthic fauna in the Study

Stations 4-56

4.22 Fishing gears commonly used in the study area 4-59 4.23 Characteristics of Dugout boats used 4-61 4.24 Population of Surveyed Communities 4-64 4.25 Indigene Status of the Respondents 4-65 4.26 Sex Distribution of respondents in the study area 4-66 4.27 Age Distribution of the Respondents 4-66 4.28 Distribution of Marital Status of Respondents 4-67 4.29 Educational Attainment by Household Members in the Study Area 4-68 4.30 The Ancestral Families in the study Area and their leaders 4-69 4.31 Development Indicators in the Study Area 4-74 4.32 Percentage occupation distribution of the respondents 4-74 4.33 Employment status of the respondents 4-76 4.34 Prevalence Prices of Food and Non-food items in the study area 4-77 4.35 Household Expenditure Profile 4-78 4.36 Classification of Infrastructure in the study area 4-79 4.37 Transportation statistics 4-81 4.38 Housing Structures and settlement Pattern in the Study Area 4-81 4.39 Respondents Expected Benefits 4-82 4.40 Perceived Adverse Effects 4-83 4.41 Commonly Used Medicinal Plants 4-90 4.42 Health Care facility available in the community 4-91 4.43 Distribution of Illness Episodes among Respondents 4-91 4.44 Causes Of Hospital Admissions 4-93 4.45 Causes Of Death Among Children Under 5 Years. 4-94 4.46 Distribution of Z Scores for HFA, WFA and WFH 4-97 4.47 Immunization Status among Children Under 5 Years 4-98 4.48 Peak Flow Rate among Sampled Adults Compared to Standard for Age 4-98 4.49 Sources of water in the community 4-100 4.50 Indicators for Safe Water and Sanitation 4-101 5.1 The environmental sensitivities likely to be affected by the activities of the proposed

project 5-4

5.2 Proposed Project Activities used in the Interaction Matrix 5-4 5.3 Impact Value and Rating 5-8 5.4 Risk Assessment Matrix 5-9 5.5 Further definition of consequence – severity rating for risk matrix 5-9 5.6 Potential Impacts Identification, Ranking and Quantification 5-12 6.1 Proposed Mitigation Measures 6.2 7.1 Impact Management and Monitoring 7-18 7.2 Sampling Specifications and Parameters 7-27

List of Plates: 4.1 A fishing craft cited in Otuoke River 4-61 4.1b Scenes of Consultation Meetings with the Relevant Stakeholders 4-63 4.2 Community Secondary School, Otuoke/Otuaba in Bayelsa state. 4-68 4.3 Community Town Hall in Otuoke 4-69 4.4 President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan ( Indigene of Otuoke Town) 4-71 4.5 Sample of some Churches in the study area 4-73 4.6 A fisherman in Otuoke community 4-75


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4.7 Sampled of some harvested crops 4-75 4.8 Foot wears in Otuoke market 4-78 4.9 Samples of food items in Otuoke market 4-78 4.10 Samples of some Health Centre in Otuoke 4-80 4.11 Housing Structures in Otuoke 4-82 4.12 His Royal Highness in his Palace 4-84

LIST OF ACRONYMS/ABBREVATIONS

ALARP As Low As Reasonably Practicable ASRs Air Sensitive Receivers BTEX Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene DD Data Deficient CDC Community Development Committee CR Critically Endangered CSWs commercial sex workers CD Community Development dB (A) Decibel EC Electrical Conductivity EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EN Endangered EW Extinct in the Wild EX Extinct FMEnv Federal Ministry Of Environment FUO Federal University, Otuoke GATT General Agreement On Tariffs and Trade HEMP Hazards and Effects Management Process HFA Height-for-Age HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HSE Health, Safety and Environmental IFC International Finance Corporation IUCN International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources JHA Job Hazard Assessment LR/lc or LC Least Concern (Not Considered to be red listed) LR/cd Lower Risk; Conservation Dependent mg/kg Milligram per Kilogram NESREA National Environmental Standards And Regulation Enforcement Agency NT Near Threatened OPRC International Convention On Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response And Co-Operation PAH Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PCUs Passenger Car Units PHEDC Port Harcourt Electricity Distribution Company PIA Post Impact Assessment PM Palaearctic Migrant PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal PTW Permit to Work R(B) Resident, but Breeding unproved


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SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SPT Standard Penetration Test SPM Suspended Particulate Matter STIs Sexually Transmissible Infections TDS Total Dissolved Solids TOC Total Organic Carbon TOR Terms Of Reference UNESCO United Nations Education, Scientific And Cultural Organization VU Vulnerable µg/m3 Micro Gram Per Meter Square WHC Water Holding Capacity WHO World Health Organization WFH Weight-for-Height WFA Weight-for- Age WIs Work instructions


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EIA PREPARERS

Edward Chmara M.Sc. Urban & Regional Planning Project Manager

Ibironke Temitope B.Tech. Pure & Applied Chemistry Water Chemistry

Dr Alvin Domu PhD Ecological Conservation Vegetation/ Wildlife

Adeyemi Adewale M.Phil. Environmental Management Soil/ Land use

Shola Ojesanmi M.Sc. Environmental Biology Aquatic Studies

Iniabe Eezor M.Sc. Environmental Engineering Climate/Air Quality

Prof Teme Geology Geotechnical Survey

Engr Festus Adetayo M.Sc. Civil Engineering Civil Engineering

Dr Chris Anyanwu Ph.D Sociology SIA

Okotie Amo M.sc. Physcology SIA

Dr I. Akpan Ph.D Public Health HIA


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

E1 Introduction

The Federal University, Otuoke (FUO), in Bayelsa State, Nigeria, is one of nine new federal universities

established by the Federal Government of Nigeria in February 2011. FUO was set up to assist the Federal

Government in its drive to improve the quality of further education and extend opportunities to university

education in Nigeria and the Niger Delta Region in particular. The scope of the project includes the

construction of a main entrance gate/security, start-up campus (Phase 1) student hostels, university

commercial centre, engineering and maintenance centre, garden park including existing water features,

sports & recreation, and a central car park

E2 Project Location

The proposed FUO permanent site is located in Ogbia Local Government Area one among eight (8) LGAs

in Bayelsa State (Brass, Ekeremor, Kokokuma/Okpokuma, Nembe, Ogbia, Sagbama, Southern Ijaw and

Yenagoa, its capital).The site is in Otuoke and situated in the heart of the community along the Otuoke –

Kolo Road. on 2,000,000 square meters (200 hectares) of land donated by the indigenes of Otuoke

Community. The site is geographical located at Latitude N040 47’ 32.7’’ and Longitude E0060 19’ 31.4’’.

The proposed land area is traditionally is a farming area and forest.

E3 Objectives of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

The objectives of the EIA study are to:

To establish the site-specific biophysical, socio-economic and human health related baseline conditions

of the project area (i.e. the receiving environment);

To integrate the opinions and views of all stakeholders, particularly host communities, into the project

design in order to ensure that the completed project is both environmentally and socially sustainable;

To identify the significant potential impacts of project activities on the ecological, socio-economic and

health aspects of the receiving environment;

To identify and evaluate the potential impacts and proffer cost-effective mitigation measures that will

further assure the environmental and social sustainability of the project;

To develop An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) that covers all phases of the project.


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E4 EIA Scope / Process

The key premises that affect EIA process were established from the initial stages of the project and have

provided the general guidance, framework, and commitment to standards acceptable nationally and

internationally.

E5 Legal and Administrative Framework

The laws, regulations, guidelines policies and protocols that are relevant to this project are derived from the

State and Federal Government of Nigeria and from international directives and conventions. In line with the

national regulatory requirements of the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) and Bayelsa State

Ministry of Environment, an Environmental Impact Assessment of the FUO Permanent Site project has

been prepared in order to ensure that the project activities are executed without adverse effect on the

natural environment and the people who inhabit it.

E6 Need for the Project

The need for the project stems from the challenges in the education sector and the need for quality

education for Nigerian and the recognition that youth empowerment through netter education can have a

significantly beneficial effect by helping to reduce unsocial behaviour and crime etc. Various feasibility

studies have also shown the need for better quality and higher standard universities in Nigeria to meet the

ever growing demand for access to higher education.

E7 Quality Assurance

In relation to structural variability such as in this project, certain basic parameters must be reasonably and

accurately defined in the overall project specification to ensure that full objectives of the project are

realized. The following quality objectives for the design are specified:

Compliance with statutory requirements;

The development must meet performance requirements;

Resource availability;

Environmental and safety considerations;

Operability and maintainability;

Life expectancy;


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Extendibility; and

Use of innovative technology.

E8 Value of the Project

An estimated average of 300 to 500 million naira on buildings (administrative block, student affair block,

and two to five lecture rooms). On an average 2.5 billion Naira is estimated to be the cost for the complete

construction of an International standard university in Nigeria, with an estimated average of 300 to 500

million Naira of the overall total being the cost of buildings (including an administrative block, student affairs

block, and two to five lecture halls).

E9 Envisaged Sustainability

E9-1Economic Sustainability

The proposed permanent site has the ability to support a defined level of academic activity indefinitely. The

proposed site will also provide for commercial activities run by the University’s management as well as

private owners. The minimum level of income (poverty threshold or poverty line) deemed necessary to

achieve an adequate standard of living in Otuoke will increase and be boosted.

E9-2 Technical Sustainability

The proposed project is expected to be technically sustainable because of the proven technology for the

construction and operations being used. Innovative technologies that are economically viable and having

minimal environmental, social and health impacts shall be utilised in the execution of the proposed project.

Strict adherence to national and internationally accepted engineering design and construction standards as

well as codes of practice shall be adopted at all stages of the project in order to ensure technical

sustainability.

E9-3 Environmental Sustainability

Incorporation of the recommendations of this EIA at the appropriate stages of the project development is

expected to ensure that the proposed Federal University Otuoke Permanent Site Project is environmentally

sustainable. In addition, strict adherence to the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) shall ensure that


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every aspect of the proposed project is sustainable with minimum impact, especially as it concerns the

natural environment and the people who inhabit it.

E9-4 Social Sustainability

The need for the project is borne out of Government’s commitment to meet the ever increasing demand for

good quality higher education in Nigeria and optimal utilization of educational institutions in line with the

Government’s Education Master Plan.

E10 Project Alternatives

E10-1 Project Design/Technology

This alternative implies the application of different technologies that are considered to have better

advantages and yet produce similar effects.

E10-2 Alternative site

A number of proposed sites were selected based on specific criteria for the selection of an appropriate site

for the deployment of an educational infrastructure. A number of factors influenced the present location of

the Federal University Otuoke permanent site as considered are availability of land, administrative and

political. The chosen alternative had to be a site in close proximity to the temporary site of the University

campus for ease of relocation without much disrupt to activities.

E11 Project Options

E11-1 ‘No Project’ or do Nothing Option

This option implies that the construction of the Permanent site project would not be carried out and FUO

will continue to operate from the buildings used at the temporary site. Because the main objective of this

project is to provide a robust institutional campus for the University, this option was rejected because it

under-exploits an available land resource base thereby depriving FUO of a high quality learning

environment and efficient infrastructure. Decision: Not recommended.

E11-2 Delayed Option

This option implies that the planned project will be delayed until a much later date. Such an option is

usually pursued when conditions are unfavourable to project implementation such as a war situation, or


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where the host community is deeply resentful of the project. Also, if the prevailing economic climate is not

quite favourable to the project, then a delayed project option may be feasible. None of these conditions is

applicable in the case of the FUO development. Indeed, both the economic and the political environment

are most favourably disposed towards the project. Therefore, the implication of a delayed project option will

mean that all the preliminary work and associated efforts/ costs incurred would have come to nothing. Also,

because of inflationary trends, such a delay may result in an unforeseen increase in project costs, which

may affect the final profit from the project. These, and other related problems make it impracticable to adopt

the delayed option. Decision: Not recommended.

E11-3 Permanent Site Development Option

This option will enable the campus to be built from scratch to the recommended designs of a standard

university campus. The starting student population of about 200-300 students (Academic Year 2012/13) is

expected to grow gradually to a maximum size of 6,000 students over a 10-15 year period. With such a

large student population planned for the future having the University campus situated in one particular area

will facilitate better communication, organisation, coordination and security.. The construction of the

permanent structures at the proposed sites is therefore the considered option for implementation with a life

span of 100 years. Decision: Recommended

E12 Project Phase

E12-1 Mobilization Phase

The activities to be executed for the mobilization phase are:

Land acquisition

Mobilization to site

Site preparation

E12-2 Construction Phase

The activities to be executed for construction phase are;

Civil works

Purchase & installation of utilities (Power, Water etc)

Commissioning


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E12-3 Operational Phase

The activities to be executed for operation phase are;

Lectures

Commercial and social activities

Maintenance

E12-4 Decommissioning Phase

The activities to be executed for decommissioning phase are;

Decommissioning Plan

Operational shut down

Dismantling and demolishing

Excavation

Restoration

Post operational Environmental Study

E13 Study Approach

The EIA study was based on existing information on this area, site-specific data gathering fieldwork,

laboratory analysis of samples, consultations (with host communities and other stakeholders) and a number

of workshops involving consultants and other stakeholders including regulatory agencies. Field work for this

study was carried out in one-season on the basis of approval received from the Federal Ministry of

Environment (FMEnv). The data gathering exercise was carried out from 8th to 10th July, 2013 (Wet

Season). A radial pattern of sampling, in web like structure around the site was applied. The spatial

boundary is:

• 2km radius from proposed project site for biophysical studies

• 4km radius from proposed project site for socioeconomic studies

• Control stations at minimum of approximately 6km from the Project site

Laboratory analysis of field samples were carried at Jawura Environmental Services Limited (JESL), St’

Andrews Street, Rumuomasi, Port Harcourt, Rivers State.


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E14 Description of the Environment

E14-1 Climate and Air Quality

The study area is within the humid tropical zone of the Niger-Delta. The climate of the area is profoundly

influenced by its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean. Two distinct seasons are experienced in the project area:

The highest and lowest temperatures measured during fieldwork for wet season was 34.4 oc and 25.4 oc at

15:00gmt. The mean temperature during the cause of fieldwork was 26.9oc. Long-term air temperature

data between (1981-2011) for Port Harcourt shows a mean temperature value of 26.8 oC (table 4.4).

Monthly averages reveal temperatures to be lower during the peak of rainy season (July – September).

Temperature is an important weather variable because it determines the movement of water vapour which

brings precipitation and atmospheric stability.

E14-2 Air Quality Results obtained during the period of this study showed that sulphur dioxide (SO2) value was below

<0.1µg/m3. These values are well below FMEnv (26 µg/m3) and IFC (125 µg/m3) average daily exposure

limits. Field measurements show that the daily maximum hourly concentration values of NOx (NO and

NO2), were below <0.1µg/m3. These values were below the daily average hourly values FMENV (112

µg/m3) and IFC (200µg/m3) limits. The concentration levels of this pollutant were low in many sampling

stations during field measurement. This shows that no significant high temperature combustion was going

on around the study area during the survey period.

The measured Carbon Monoxide values at the field ranged from <0.1 to 7.0 ppm. These values are within

FMEnv limit of 10ppm and IFC limit of 25ppm for daily average hourly values in Nigeria. The FMEnv

regulatory limit for SPM is 250 µg/m3 for 24 hour daily average. Ambient concentrations of SPM above this

value in Nigeria may cause or aggravate respiratory problems such as cough and asthma.

The concentrations of SPM obtained in the study area ranged from 7.69µg/m3 to 64.8µg/m3. These range

is in agreement with the Post Impact Assessment on Sand Reclamation Works (October 2012) report.

E14-3 Noise level

Noise levels ranged from 34.8 to 57.6 dB (A). These measured levels are within the 8-hour limit of 90 dB

(A) of FMEnv. In general, the measured noise levels are representative of typical rural areas.


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E14-4 Soil

The top soil was generally acidic with some values tended towards neutral pH (4.76-6.84). Bottom soils

were generally more acidic than the top soils (4.60-6.65). Nitrate which is usually the dominant form of

nitrogen under forest vegetation had values ranging from 6.90 to 10.9 mg/kg and 6.10 to 9.69 mg/kg

respectively (Appendix 4.2 and Table 4.7). The concentration of phosphorus ranged from 0.71 to 1.70

mg/kg and 0.34 to 1.00 mg/kg respectively. A Phosphorous level below 8.0 mg/kg is regarded as low.

The highest concentration of oil and grease in the soil from the study area was 0.01 mg/kg for topsoil and

subsoil. All concentrations were well below the 50 mg/kg recommended limit for Intervention (DPR,

NESREA standards). Iron showed the highest concentration in soils followed by manganese and zinc. Iron

concentrations ranged from 1224 – 9328 and 745-7453 mg/kg surface and subsurface respectively. Zinc

varied from 19.47-32.4 (surface) and 13.26-31.43 mg/kg (sub surface). The relatively high iron is

attributable to the abundance concentration of iron in the Niger Delta Region. The concentration of

Chromium, cadmium, arsenic, vanadium and mercury in the soils was generally low and in most cases

undetectable.

E14-5 Geology of the Study Area

The area lies within the Niger Delta sedimentary Basin. This Basin was formed in the Tertiary Period from

the interplay between subsidence and deposition arising from a succession of transgressions and

regressions of the sea. The site falls within the Niger Delta Basin. The site sits astride the Benin Formation,

which is often called the Coastal Plain Sands (Qp) of the Lower Quaternary (Pliocene-Pleistocene) and

Alluvium of Upper Quaternary (Recent sediments) and consists of sands and gravels. Groundwater results

were not in conformity with international and national standards.

E14-6 Vegetation

The study area is located in the rainforest belt within the equatorial climate region, characterized by high

rainfall, high relative humidity and maximum temperature. It is characterized by vegetation complex of

primary and secondary structure, heterogenous in nature, with spatial (closed and sparse) and vertical

distribution of trees, herbs, shrubs and climbers (lianers) belonging to different families under local

environmental conditions and edaphic nature. At least 70 tree species belonging to 11 families were

identified during the study. The economic species consist of timber-producing and fruit trees belonging


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mainly to the families Euphorbiaceae and Leguminosae. Four major vegetation types were identified in the

project area. These are the freshwater swamp forests, Riparian forests, Bush fallows and Farmlands. This

forest type is common along Kolo and Otuoke axis. The forest is characterized by trees with buttress, stilt

and adventitious roots, such as Musanga cecropoides, Raphia sp. Alstonia sp Uapaca sp, Tectona

grandis, Alchornea cordifolia.

E14-7 Wildlife

Representatives of Mammals, Avians, Reptiles and Amphibians were found in designated areas. The

dominant species encountered in the area were those associated with rain forest and aquatic habitat. This

may be due to the vegetation which is mainly fallow bush, heterogeneous and coexisting with pockets of

aquatic niches. The area of study recorded similarities in terms of occurrence and species identified but

there were variations in the densities of distribution.

E 14-8 Aquatic Studies

pH ranged from 6.14 to 7.18 (mean 6.61) in the rainy season (Table 4.16 and Fig. 4.7). The observed pH

values are normal for the Niger Delta (RPI, 1985, Ideriah et al. 2010) and within the recommended range of

pH for natural surface waters. There was no significant difference between the study and control locations.

Total hydrocarbons of water are given special consideration because of their poor solubility in water and

their tendency to separate from aqueous phases. The THC value was found to be present at very low

concentrations in the entire surface water samples. The values were all found to be <0.001mg/l

Heavy metals measured include copper (<0.002 to 0.020mg/l), Iron (1.63 to 4.85mg/l), Cadmium (<0.001 to

0.011mg/l), Nickel (0.002 to 0.101mg/l), and Chromium (<0.001 to 0.18 mg/l), Mercury, Lead and Arsenic

were below the detection limit of <0.01mg/l throughout the various surface water locations for the rainy

season.

Plankton community however serves as basic indicators of the quality of the surface water bodies. Four (4)

major algal phyla were represented in the micro flora of the study area. These were Bacillariophyta,

Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta and Euglenophyta. A total of twenty-nine (29) species were identified and each

differing in their cellular structure, pigment arrays and the presence or absence of motile structures.

The Zooplankton community in the study area were entirely cosmopolitan in nature, hence their ubiquity.

The Zooplankton phyla was the Rotifers with nine (9) species (37.08%); Insects were represented by eight


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(8) species (33.43%); Ciliophora had four (4) species with a percentage composition of 22.19%, the

Rhizopoda were the least with a composition of 7.30%.

The benthic fauna constituted an assemblage of diverse ecological taxa in the study area. A total of five (5)

species of benthic invertebrates belonging to two (2) taxonomic groups were identified. The arthropods

encompassed a tremendous range of fresh water species with symmetry and diversity and were composed

of about 86.07% of the benthic fauna in the study area. These limnetic taxonomic phylum were represented

by two orders; Diptera and Ephemeroptera.

E14-9 Socio-Economics

Unlike many communities with conflicting traditions, Otuoke has a beautifully harmonized and documented

history. Going by this official history, while Otuoke is quite an ancient community, the traditional historians

can no longer remember the actual date of its foundation. The community was founded by Oke, the son of

Ogbia, a fisherman who migrated from Benin via Warri. From Warri he traveled with his family and settled

at Ogbia-Toru-Otokolo, an island at the estuary of the Ogbia River. The Otuoke community is administered

through five traditional bodies, namely the Obenema, (the king); the Council of Chiefs; the Community

Development Committee (CDC); the Youth Council; and the Women Association. Through the roles played

by each of these socio-political institutions, the community’s socio-political solidarity and economic

wellbeing has been assured.

Land in Otuoke community is acquired through inheritance and holds by different lineage heads on behave

of the family members. Buyers and /or temporary tenants can access land by direct contacts with the

landlords. The community does not own land and therefore, does interfere with the sale of land. The cost of

an average plot of land in Otuoke now costs between 1.2million to 2.1 million naira. The results show that

32% of the respondents uses commercial taxi’s, 21% use commercial buses, 19.5% use speed boat, 7.5%

and 11% of the sampled respondents use bicycle and personal cars. The majority (63%) of the subjects

belonged to the low income group, earning less than N9, 000 per month. Only 8.4% earned above N25,

000.00 per month.


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E14-10 Health

The general sanitary status of the living environments in the communities was rated as poor, fair or good

based on a set of criteria in the checklist. About 28%of the communities had a poor level of sanitation, while

about 32% had only a fair level of cleanliness. While 40% of the communities had good or very good

sanitary status of their living environments. The most commonly used excreta disposal methods were the

pit toilet (faeces passed directly into the holes) and open defecation onto the beachside or into the river. In

Otuoke, Otuaba and Kolo communities many of the locals also have access to water cistern in their homes.

The refuse generated in the study area was mainly kitchen waste, which included food peels or remnants

(garbage) and construction waste and stumps, etc. The non-degradable wastes were mainly plastics,

bottles, polythene bags, ashes, cans/tins etc. The commonest refuse disposal method was open dumping

on land, riverside/beach and river/ocean. These disposal methods were unsanitary. The common disease

vectors in the communities were mosquitoes (anopheles and aedes), houseflies, cockroaches, rats, lice

etc. The major sources of domestic water supply were river/stream, well, tap/borehole, pond and rain.

Some members of Otuoke and Otuaba get their water from the temporary site of Federal University

Otuoke. The water was untreated before use except the water from the University temporary site.

E14-11 Perceived (Subjective) Impacts of the university Operations and Expectations

Perception of the Environmental Impacts of University's Operations

Pollution is perceived to be a problem in the area. The residents complained of water pollution from

spillages, seepages, construction debris, etc. resulting in reduced fish yields; thermal pollution, in the form

of increase in ambient temperatures, especially close to university construction facilities; air pollution arising

from gas flaring; acid rain attributable to emissions from the SPDC Kolo creek flowstation, and noise

pollution from the latter.

Relationship between Host Communities and the University.

Residents of sampled communities were questioned as to the nature of the relationship between their

communities and University. The general picture that emerged was that of a lukewarm relationship between

the host communities and the university especially the Otuaba and Kolo Creek communities. Probed further


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as to the reasons for the absence of a warm and cordial relationship between the parties, the people cited a

host of reasons focusing on:

Alleged University indifference to the welfare of the masses as shown by failure to

provide employment, contracts, admissions, health services and loans to women and others.

Irregular water supply to communities and periodic alleged University harassment of water fetchers

and hawkers.

Inadequate compensation of residents for land and cash crops (plantains, yams, cassava,

pineapples)

Failure of the university to draw unskilled labour from the army of unemployed youth in the

area/settlements;

Community Expectations from Federal University Otuoke.

From Small Group discussions a clear picture of residents' expectations emerged.

Water is indispensable for survival, not merely for healthy living; the people of the surrounding

settlements lack this valuable resource. NDDC is already helping to remedy the unsatisfactory

situation by providing some boreholes in the community and the university is permitting residents to

fetch water from their temporary sites/ campus. However, this is subject to the vagaries of the

supply of electricity. The people therefore crave regularity of power supply. Some reported that it is

particularly frustrating to see university campus enjoying electricity very close to them while they

remain in darkness.

Social facilities such as schools and clinics/health services are manifestly inadequate. The people

request these facilities e.g. school to supplement those available. Clinics are also expected to be

built to service groups of settlements.

The people expect the university to hire unskilled labour from amongst the unemployed in the

settlements and that host community residents should also benefit from petty contracts.

E15 Significant Environmental Impacts

The proposed FUO Permanent site project will have potential impacts that are both positive and negative.

The positive impacts identified are:

Generation of capital from land compensation payments

Increase in economic activities


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Increase in employment and business opportunities

Skills acquisition

Increase in institutional enrolment

Improved quality of education

Image promotion for host communities

Investment attraction

The Significant Negative Impacts Identified For The Project Include:

Loss of farmland

Loss of habitat

Loss of biodiversity

Increase in road traffic volume

Increase in potential for road traffic incidents

Influx of people, leading to

- Alteration of Age-Sex Distribution

- Changes in Local Population Leading To Pressures on Existing Infrastructures, E.G. Housing,

Security Structures

- Increase in Mortality, Morbidity and STIs

- Increase in Social Vices

- Increase in Commercial Sex Workers

- Pressure on Existing Infrastructure and Utilities

- Increase in Inflation Level

- Changes in Culture, Lifestyle and Habits

- Pressure on Existing Waste Management System

Increase in noise

Reduction in air quality (dust, exhaust)

Damage to existing roads

Loss of flora and fauna

Increase in dust and noise

Threat to health of workers during construction (snake bites, insect bites and stings, injuries etc)


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Injury to workers

Pollution by surface water sources

Habitat fragmentation

Potential for community unrest (from employment, pollution and resistance to dismantling of

equipment)

By clearly establishing cause and effect relationships based on an integrated list of significant impacts

appropriate mitigation, measures for significant negative impacts have been developed. These significant

negative impacts have been mitigated from either high or medium significant impact to either medium or as

low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). Practical proposals for the enhancement of significant positive

impacts have also been made.

E16 Environnemental Management Plan (EMP)

In order to promote and maintain a healthy Environment in the project area, FUO has developed an EMP

which assures that the mitigation measures developed for reducing the significant negative impacts of the

FUO permanent site project to as low as reasonably practicable are implemented and maintained

throughout the project lifecycle.

Environmental management involves the two main processes of significant negative impacts

mitigation/significant positive impacts enhancement and monitoring plans. In order to ensure effective

implementation of the recommendations of this EIA and its management plan, as well as that all

environmental (biophysical, social and health) considerations are integrated into project execution, FUO

shall

Establish an Environmental Monitoring Team (EMT) with the project HSE and security team

leader as the focal point for all Environmental Matters relating to this project;

Prepare a stand-alone EMP document that shall be signed off by the FUO project manager and

included in documents once the proposals in this EIA have been accepted;

This team shall liaise at a predetermined level with contractors, engineers, quality assurance officers,

supervisors and relevant FUO departments as well as other stakeholders on all environmental matters.


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All Environment-related regulations as they apply to this project have been documented and described in

this EIA report. A set of minimum standards and guidelines have also been developed and agreed upon by

the project managers. FUO management shall ensure compliance with these regulations, standards and

guidelines throughout the project’s lifecycle.

FUO shall comply with all mitigation measures for the identified impacts to ensure activities are carried out

in an environmentally responsible and sustainable manner. Mitigation measures have been proposed for all

phases of the project. Monitoring requirements, duration and frequency of monitoring of key performance

indicators, as well as the action parties to manage the biophysical, health and social environments at the

various phases of the project, have also been proposed. Monitoring has been proposed for:

Air, Soil and Water Quality

Noise Levels

Wildlife and Fisheries

Communicable And Stress Related Diseases

Nutrition/Food Security

Crime/Violence

Accidents (Occupational, Road & Domestic)

Demography

Development of Infrastructure

Macro-Economy

Natural Resources

Lifestyle & Social Values and;

Social Equity

The EMP is a dynamic working tool that shall be revised and updated when necessary during the lifespan

of the project to incorporate improved environmental technologies, management systems, guidelines,

policies and changes in regulations. Practical and economically feasible suggestions by users (contractors,

site engineers and operations personnel) shall be assessed by the EMT. These shall be integrated into the

EMP during revisions as necessary.


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E17 Decommissioning, Restoration and Abandonment

At the end of the project there would not be decommissioning and abandonment of the facilities because

the facility would be handed back to The Federal Government of Nigeria. FUO would still continue to utilize

the buildings for other educational and community oriented programme.

E18 Conclusion

This Environmental Social and Health Impact Assessment haa been carried out in accordance with the

regulatory requirements for EIA in Nigeria. An interdisciplinary approach was adopted in the assessment of

the Environmental status and sensitivities of the various Environmental components of the FUO project

area.

The Assessment of potential impacts of the proposed project showed that it will have significant beneficial

impacts on the national educational status and the socio-economic life of the host communities. The

potential negative impacts identified can be mitigated using measures recommended in this report.

Proposals for the mitigation of the adverse impacts identified in this project have been incorporated into the

impact management and monitoring of the project’s environmental management plan (EMP). This EMP

shall be implemented and maintained throughout the project’s life cycle with the adverse impacts mitigated

to as low as reasonably practicable.

In view of the foregoing and both in the short term as well as in the long term, there are no envisaged

adverse changes that would warrant the non-implementation of the project. The long term benefits of the

project justify its implementation: such benefits are mainly in the form of opportunity for enhanced activities

within the local communities, the engagement of indigenous contractors, the provision of jobs as well as the

improvement of infrastructures in the host communities.


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Federal University Otuoke acknowledges the opportunity granted by the Government of the Federal

Republic of Nigeria through its Regulatory Agencies, to conduct this Environmental Impact Assessment of

the FUO proposed permanent site Project. We recognized the National Regulatory Requirements and

Standards, the Bayelsa State Ministry of Environment Edicts and International Specifications. We have

enjoyed cordial working relationships with the regulators, community leaders, individuals, corporate bodies

and groups.

Federal University Otuoke - FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ... Reviewed...Federal University Otuoke EIA iv...

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