Workshop

THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY

February 2010

The development of EEE components forfuture space projects

Mikko Nikulainen

Head of Materials and Component Technology Division, ESA

Workshop

Overview of the Presentation

• Introduction to ESTEC/TEC service model• New organisation of TEC-Q• Strategic development lines in the areas of EEE-

components• Future challenges

Workshop

ESTEC : Technical Heart of ESA

ESA is based on the Cooperation of 18 European Member States working together in the European Space Agency and its membership continues to grow

The ESTEC workforce builds on this multi-nationality and forms the technical heart of ESA’s space efforts for over 40 years

ESTEC houses the core of ESA space project management (science, human & robotic exploration, earth observation, telecommunication and navigation) in close proximity to the technical expertise and laboratories of the Directorate of Technical & Quality Management (D/TEC)

ESTEC is also the driving force behind ESA’s technology development programmes stimulating R&D efforts in support of space systems and launchers for Europe

Workshop

ESTEC in Noordwijk, The Netherlands

ESTEC 1•40 hectares, built-up area 110,000 m2

•1/3 offices, •1/3 Technical

including Test Centre,•1/3 Circulation

corridor, restaurant, ESCAPE.

ESTEC 2•4.5 ha for new buildings, facilities and other business-related services outside the estate. •Regulated by an agreement with the Dutch government (1962) updated in November 2006

Workshop

1. Prepare for the Future

• Technology R&D studies

• Phases A

• Concurrent Design Engineering

• Technical Infrastructure

2. Manage the

Present Programmes

• Most ESA programmes (all except Ariane 5 Launchers)

• For TEC : Technical support to all projects, incl. PA and safety

3. Cooperate with European Industry

• ESTEC Test Centre

• Cooperation with other Technical Facilities in Europe

• Support to Industry

Roles of ESTEC

Workshop

ESA Matrix Structure

Mechanical Engineering

Electrical Engineering

Product Assurance andSafety

Mission Operations

Ground SystemsEngineering

Project Support

TEC

LAU HSFTIAEOPSRE

Project Management Teams

Programme Directors

Director General

OPS

RES, LEX

SW, Systems and Technology

GAL

Workshop

Product Assurance and Safety Department

Requirements & Standards Division

TEC-QR(Luciano Balestra)

Quality, Dependability& PA Support Division

TEC-QQ(Roberto Ciaschi)

Materials & Components Space Evaluation Division TEC-QE (Ralf de Marino)

Materials & Components Technology Division

TEC-QT(Mikko Nikulainen)

Head of the Product Assuranceand Safety Department

TEC-Q (Jack Bosma -1.4.2010)

Quality Assurance & Management Section

TEC-QQM (open)

Dependability & Safety Assurance

SectionTEC-QQD (Luigi

Bianchi)

Software ProductAssurance SectionTEC-QQS (Lothar

Winzer)

Components Space Evaluation &

Radiation Effects Section

TEC-QEC (Ali Zadeh)

Materials Technology Section

TEC-QTM (Ton de Rooij)

Materials Space Evaluation &

Radiation Effects Section

TEC-QEM (Marc van Eesbeek)

• Project PA Managers & Engineers

• Quality Managers

• Manufacturing Technology Advisor

ESCC Components Standardisation Section TEC-QES (Tony

Gouder)

Components Technology SectionTEC-QTC (Laurent

Marchand)

QMS OfficeTEC-QP (Thoma Deak)

QMS OfficeTEC-QP (Thoma Deak)

Planetary Protection Officer(Gerhard Kminek)

Independent Safety Office

TEC-QI (Tomasso Scobba)

Independent Safety Office

TEC-QI (Tomasso Scobba)

Workshop

Preparing for the Future in EEE-component Domain

• EEE-components are the fundamental building blocks of the spacecraft system.

• Since 2006, ESA together with the European stake holders have focussed on building-up end-to-end strategies for critical technologies in the EEE-component domain.

• The goals are to: – Increase European non-dependence– Increase European industry global competitiveness by accelerating the

development of breakthrough technologies– Maintain the viability of the European EEE-component industry.

• The following areas have been addressed:– ECI with an objective to increase ITAR-free EEE-component supply for the

European industry by establishing European qualified components and collaborating with non-European partners.

– GaN program with a goal of space qualified supply chain by 2014.– Deep submicron technology (DSM) with a goal to have European space

qualified DSM technology available for the industry by 2013-2014– FPGA with a goal to establish a wide offering of non-ITAR FPGAs to match the

current US supply by 2012.

Workshop

European Components Initiative ECI)ECI target by 2013 is to have an average of 50% EEE component procurements from European or ECI global partnership sources

Between 2000 and 2006 the number of European components used in European satellites had steadily declined to as low as 30%. Today the Trend is turning: e.g. European (47%) to non-European (53%) EEE parts used on the ESA SWARM project.

All product domains addressed, since 2005 total of 20 MEu+ has been used to develop European EEE-components to replace US-sourced technologies (ESA-DLR-CNES).

Preparation of the workplans with end users, agencies and manufacturers (ESCC)

M&P to be included to ECI phase 3?0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

% E

urop

ean

part

s

Number of parts

Value of parts

METOP Herschel Planck

JWST

SWARM

European Space Qualified Components

2030405060708090

100110120130140

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

20

13

20

14

20

15

QualifiedCertificates

Qualifiedmanufacturers

Forecast data

Start of ECI 1

Start of ECI 2

Proposed start of ECI 3 ECI 2

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Deep SUB-MICRON (DSM) Technology for Space Applications

• 2006: Analysis of the DSM capabilities showed that the European manufacturers were approximately 5 years behind their US counterparts.

• Export licence-free access to these DSM technologies would improve and sustain European competitiveness

• Goal is to challenge US space qualified DSM technology by 2014 to enable next generation telecom payloads (“flexible payloads”) and high end earth observation missions.

• 2007: Three key technologies identified: – High speed/low power Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) – High speed/low power Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)– DSM radiation-hardened Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) technology

and high speed serial links (HSSLs)

• 2008: Phase 1 development was started under ESA funding (4 MEu)• Second phase of the development from EC FP7 program• Technology qualification phase foreseen from ECI-program.• High pin-count packaging issues are becoming critical (short-pin, six-sigma, polymer

balls…)

Workshop

FPGA for Space Applications Today • Market leadership from US on space qualified devices.• The smaller capacity European ATMEL AT40K device became available in 2004

based on the 0.35µm Atmel technology node. • European 280K FPGA development: ATF280 prototypes are today available.• Fully qualified devices are now expected by Q4 2010.

Ongoing Development• ITAR free 450Kgates Silicon on Insulator (SOI) development between ATMEL (F),

OKI Semi-Conductor (OSC) and HIREC of Japan. – ESCC Qualification 2011.– Possible candidate for a joint ESA-JAXA In Orbit Demonstration opportunity

(SDS5).Future • MCM activities planned to boost the capacity of the existing devices.• Next generation FPGAs ranging up to 2.5 MGates is investigated. • FPGA development impact on testing, assembly and packaging is mapped.• 450 kGates FPGA a candidate for In Orbit Demonstration onboard Japanese

SDS5.• European ITAR-free portfolio of space qualified ITAR free FPGAs is achievable in

a medium term but requires further collaboration with manufacturers, end users and agencies.

Workshop

Solar cells

DC power conditioning

Novel sensors

High RF power

Radiation hard

High intensity blue LEDs

High temperature operation

Why GaN?

• 5 to 10 times higher RF power• High voltage breakdown• High temperature operation• Radiation hard

Workshop

GaN Component Development for Space Applications

• GREAT2 (GaN Reliability Enhancement And Technology Transfer Initiative)

aims to have an evaluated and reliable GaN process available for project insertion by 2013 (ongoing)

• EuSiC (High Quality European GaN-Wafer on Silicon Carbide Substrates for Space applications) currenntly no high quality substrate available; aims to establish an independent and purely European supplier of high-quality semi-insulating substrate (kick-off during 2010).

• The development of highly manufacturable processes for Wide Band Gap technology compatible with a silicon production line aim is to start a work program in conjunction with a major European production manufacturer which will establish, validate and qualify a European source of GaN power switching transistor on silicon technology (ongoing).

Workshop

GaN Component Development for Space Applications (Continued)

• AGAPAC (Advanced GaN Packaging) GaN is operated at high junctions temperature; aim to establish a space compatible European supply chain for packaging (ongoing)

• ESA epitaxy benchmarking project Europe/Japan/ US suppliers (activity complete) , report still under review.

• In Orbit Demonstration for the European GaN-technology on PROBA-V (X-band transponder) in 2012.

Workshop

Future Challenges

• Europe has been investing extensively during the past 5 year to EEE-component technologies and this investment is seen to continue for the coming years.

• The ongoing EEE Component development activities and the established Roadmaps play a major role in establishing an ITAR-free EEE-component supply chain benefiting the space industries of Europe as well as opening markets for the European technology is the emerging space countries such as Japan, China and India.

• Objective to demonstrate the advanced technologies in space before entering to the commercial market.

• Space requires long-term investment, product cycles a slow when compared to the consumer market. Financial crisis has impacted the industrial structure, a continuous dialogue with all layers of the supply chain is required to maintain the industrial capabilities.

• Major challenges in establishing full supply chain for space including chip technology, packaging, assembly, testing and workmanship at all levels. Strategic work and dialogue with the industry on-going.

• ESA role is to (a) facilitate the co-operation, (b) provide technical support and know-how and (c) co-invest to promising technologies.