FEATURES OF ISLAMIC

CIVILIZATION

FEATURES OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION

Submitted by:Farooq Akbar

S/2010/634M.MubashirS/2010/607

Submitted to: Tariq Hussain

M.T.E:4th semester

Table of contents:• Definition of civilization and feature

• Traits of civilization

• Difference between Islamic and modern civilization

• Important questions about Islamic civilization

• Islamic cities

• Religion

• Social classes

• Art and architecture etc.

Meaning of civilization

• Civilization comes from the latten word

civil which means “universal”.

Madana:

The establishment of a city.

Darcy Rabario:

Expansion of a city and its effects to its

surroundings.

Sum-up

Civilization means achievements ,growth,

movement, thinking, manner that forms a

well-mannered personality and society that

shape a country.

What is civilization?

Civilization is a place where they have had

a organized form of leadership and ways

to represent and record themselves.

They have a government to lead. writing

to record what happened art and

architecture to show there culture and

religion to show that what they believe in.

Continue....

What is civilization?

They also have different social classes

and they learned, each person should have

job they specialize in.

They also have marked in places called

where a lot of people live and trade in.

Meaning of feature Features ?

Prominent aspect of something.

“The map showed road and other features”.

Definition :

Feature, characteristic, peculiarity  refer to a distinctive trait of an individual or of a class. Feature  suggests an outstanding or marked property that attracts attention

Basic traits of civilization

• Cities

• Religion

• Social classes

• Arts and architecture

• Organized central government

• Job specialization

• Writing

• Public works

Difference between Islamic and western civilization

Islamic civilization Western civilization

Sources of civilization and central values

Al-QURAN & AS- SUNNAHBalance between physical and spiritual elements of human

Logical thinkingRational explanation

World view Extremism, Terrorism TechnologicallyOut dated

Always rightTrustworthyTechnologically advance

Cities

• MECCA was the most important trade center in Arabia. It was dominated by the powerful tribe of the Quraysh.

THE KAABA:

Mecca was also the location of the shrine known as the Kaaba, founded according to Arab tradition by Abraham a. For centuries people from all over Arabia had made pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba.

Religion

• Islam- submission to the will of Allah

• Allah- one true God

• Muhammad(P.B.U.H)- prophet

• Mecca- holy place

• Mosque- holy establishment

• Koran or Qur’an- holy book

Life of Muhammad(P.B.U.H)

• EARLY LIFE: Muhammad(P.B.U.H) was born in 570 to a respectable though not wealthy or powerful clan of the Quraysh tribe. His father died before he was born, his mother shortly afterward, leaving Muhammad(P.B.U.H) under the care of his grandparents and uncle.

CARAVAN TRADE: LIKE MANY YOUNG MECCANS, HE ENTERED THE CARAVAN TRADE. BY THE TIME HE WAS 30, HE HAD A REPUTATION FOR COMPETENCE AND HONESTY, AND SO BECAME FINANCIAL ADVISER TO A WEALTHY QURAYSH WIDOW,

MARRIAGE:

Although older than Muhammad(P.B.U.H), Khadija became his wife in 596, and they had a loving marriage until her death. She bore him three sons (all died in childhood) and four girls (all survived). Only one daughter, Fatima, lived after him.

THE REVELATIONS:

A man of spiritual insight, Muhammad (P.B.U.H)

received in 610 the first of many

revelations that commanded him to teach

all people a new faith that called for:

Belief in one God, Allah

FLIGHT TO MEDINA:

At this point, citizens from Medina, a smaller trading community was in trouble, asked Muhammad(P.B.U.H) to become their leader. The journey from Mecca to Medina is called the Hijra and the event was seen as so important that 622 is the year in which the Islamic calendar begins.

UNITY:

In Medina, Muhammad(P.B.U.H) gathered around him a large community of believers. This group was to become the foundation of the Islamic state. The faith for blood ties was able to unite rival Arab tribes and bring about political unity.

MUHAMMAD’S(P.B.U.H) TEACHING

People were asked to surrender completely to Allah, the one true God. Those who surrendered became Muslims and joined the umma muslima – a new kind of community

The Five Pillars of IslamFA

ITH

PR

AYER

ALM

SG

IVIN

G

FASTIN

G

PIL

GR

IMA

GE

THE QURAN-E-PAK

• When Muhammad(P.B.U.H) communicated God’s teaching to his followers, he always insisted that he was transmitting a direct, verbal revelation and not offering his own interpretation. That revelation came in the form of “recitations” that make up the Quran, the scriptures of Islam. They are arranged into 114 Suras, or chapters.

THE SUNNA

After the prophet’s death, his followers compiled collections called the sunna, the “good practice” (i.e., the words and customs of Muhammad(P.B.U.H) himself.)

Included are the sayings of the prophet and the comments he made about how God’s revelation was to be understood and applied.

JIHAD: Muslim warriors believed they were engaged in a holy war (jihad) to spread Islam to nonbelievers and that those who died in the jihad were assured a place in paradise.

ISLAM TODAY

Christianity, 33%

Islam, 21%Non-Religious, 16%

Hinduism, 14%

Chinese Traditional, 6%

Buddhism, 6%

Judaism, 0.22%Sikhism, 0.36%

Other, 4%

Primal-Indigenous, 6%

Islamic society

• Ulama- religious leader

• Qadi- judge

• Madrasa- special school

• Jihad- holy war

• Dar-al-Islam- House of Islam

• Dar-Al- Harb - House of War

ISLAMIC CULTURE

• CULTURAL INTEGRATION: In the 8th and 9th centuries, under the Abbasid caliphs, Muslim civilization entered its golden age.– Islamic civilization creatively

integrated Arabic, , Persian, and Indian cultural traditions.

– During the Early Middle Ages, when learning was at a low point in western Europe, the Muslims preserved the philosophical and scientific heritage of the ancient world.

Islamic Art

PICS Calligraphy Rugs Literature Music Miniatures Architecture

Islamic art and architecture

Mosque, Madrasah, Palace, Fort, House

No evidence that early Muslim artists ever thought of their work as Islamic.

No dominant style or influence that defines Islamic art.

The most striking feature is the focus on interior space as opposed to the outside .

Feeling of weightlessness - presence of water: fountains, pools, etc -- a Paradise on earth.

Islamic art and architecture

The blue mosque Istanbul

ORGANIZED CENTRAL GOVERNAMENT

• Caliphate

• System of government

• Head is called ‘caliph’

DEFENDER OF THE FAITH

• After Muhammad(P.B.U.H),s death in 632, his friend and father-in-law, Abu Bakr, became his successor, or caliph.

• Regarded as the defender of the faith, whose power derived from Allah, the caliph governed in accordance with Muslim law as defined by the “Quran”.

Job specialization

• ECONOMIC COMPONENTS:

Bedouins

Farmers

Traders

BEDOUINS (nomadic pastoralists)

provided for their own needs with:

Herds of sheep & goats

Small-scale trading in towns

Regular trades on one another and on caravans.

FARMERS:

Some farmers worked the land, but in many areas soils were too poor and rain was too infrequent to support agriculture.

TRADERS: CITIES SUPPORTED TRADERS WHO CARRIED LUXURY GOODS (SPICES, PERFUMES) FROM THE INDIAN OCEAN REGION AND SOUTHERN ARABIA ALONG CARAVAN ROUTES TO THE CITIES OF THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN. THESE TRADERS FORMED THE ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ELITE OF ARABIA, AND THEY LED THE TRIBES.

Islamic calligraphy/ writing

calligraphy, is the artistic practice of handwriting, or calligraphy, and by extension, of bookmaking, in the lands sharing a common Islamic cultural heritage. This art form is based on the Arabic script, which for a long time was used by all Muslims in their respective languages.

Islamic calligraphy/ writing

Public works, contributions

Agriculture- domestication of sheep Industry- collected diff. techniques of material

construction Trade- issued receipts, checks, and letters of

credit Physics- process of sight The Canon of Medicine, a school of medicine Chemistry- alchemy Math and Astronomy, movement of stars and

planets.