Feasibility Study of a Proposed Agrobusiness Solution for the Veenkoloniën Area
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Feasibility Study of a Proposed Agrobusiness Solution for the Veenkoloniën
Area
commissioned by
Froukje de Boer, Xiangming Chen, Victoria Naipal, Hanna Rövenich, Bart van StratumHaregot Haile Zerom
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Introduction
Introduction - Basin - Energy - Algae - Integration - Conclusion
• Future Veenkoloniën: climate change, intensifying irrigation
• Expected water shortage for irrigation
(technical) feasibility?
• Proposed solution: water storage basins
• Loss of agricultural area: compensate loss of income
• Creation water storage
• Solar energy
• Algae cultivation
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Methods
• Three individual concepts => three working groups
1) Individual study subjects
2) Integration
+ + = ....
Introduction - Basin - Energy - Algae - Integration - Conclusion
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Water Basins
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Water Basins
• Future water demand: 100M m3 (now) => 175M m3 (future)
• Storage: regional vs local
• Study area: farm with 100 hectare of land
• Per m2 of agricultural land: 74 mm
• Total storage: 55,000 m3
Determining the basin dimensions:
• Depth determines area needed
• Per m2 of basin: precipitation, evaporation, seepage
Introduction - Basin - Energy - Algae - Integration - Conclusion
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Water Basins
evaporation precipitation
leakage
Depth: 1.5 m 2.0 m
Storage: 72,700 m3 67,600 m3
Area: 4.9 ha 3.5 ha
• Volume at 1st of April sufficient to supply 74 mm of irrigation
irrigation
ditch
basin
Introduction - Basin - Energy - Algae - Integration - Conclusion
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Solar Energy
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Solar Energy: Construction
sensitive to movementsInefficient for the Netherlands
best solution
Photovoltaic (PV) cells: best solution for Veenkoloniën
• Mounting: fixed vs floating
• Floating: least expensive, but allows movement
Introduction - Basin - Energy - Algae - Integration - Conclusion
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Solar Energy: Economics
Small scale (<15 kWp)
Individual scale: ~100 m2
Economically profitable
Payback time: ~10 years
Large scale (>15 kWp)
Large scale: ~1,000-10,000 m2
Economically balanced
Uncertainty depending on
subsidies (SDE)Use partly for own energy
need
Sell excess to electricity grid
Introduction - Basin - Energy - Algae - Integration - Conclusion
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Algae Cultivation
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Algae Cultivation
• Why algae?
• Environmentally friendly (CO2 neutral)
• Biofuels, feed and food, electricity (H2), cosmetics, bio-
plastics, ...
(-) Contamination
(-) Difficult to control
growth parameters
(-) Light conditions non-
homogeneous
(+) Controlled
conditions
(+) Easy to scale up
(-) Small surface
(+) Highest productivity
(+) Controlled conditions
(+) Optimal light impact
Introduction - Basin - Energy - Algae - Integration - Conclusion
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Algae Species
• Species: Neochloris oleoabundans
• High oil content (up to 40% under nutrient starvation
conditions)
• Biomass areal productivity: 16.5 g/m2/day
• Fresh water organism
• Can grow in wastewater and on waste CO2
Introduction - Basin - Energy - Algae - Integration - Conclusion
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Algae Application
• Dimensions:
• 4,444 reactors/ha
• 110 L/reactor
• 16.5 g/m2/day
→ ~70,000 kg/ha/yr
• Biomass composition:
• 40% lipids
• 50% proteins
• 10% carbohydrates
• Price: 1.65 €/kg
• Production cost: 0.5
€/kg*Introduction - Basin - Energy - Algae - Integration - Conclusion
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Integration
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irrigation
reduce evaporation
water pumping
cooling PV
electricity
biomass
Integration
electricity
(external)
CO2
wastewater
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Integration #2
• Floating greenhouse => reduction of evaporation
controlled environment
biogas installation
biomassCO2
wastewater
starch industry
2.5 - 3 m height
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Conclusions
• Water storage: technically feasible, economic feasibility uncertain
• Solar energy:
• Technically feasible
• Economic feasibility: depending on scale and subsidy
• Algae: technically feasible, economic feasibility uncertain
• Integration: creates technically feasible, energy-neutral system
• Economic feasibility needs further study
Questions?
Introduction - Basin - Energy - Algae - Integration - Conclusion