FE Modelling of Steel Connections in Heating and Cooling...
Transcript of FE Modelling of Steel Connections in Heating and Cooling...
![Page 1: FE Modelling of Steel Connections in Heating and Cooling Phasefire-research.group.shef.ac.uk/steelinfire/downloads/GK... · 2009. 4. 21. · • Beams: IPE300, Grade S275 • End-Plate:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071511/613088a61ecc51586944289c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 1
FE Modelling of Steel Connections in Heating and Cooling Phase
Dr. George N. Koutlas Dr. Marwan Sarraj
![Page 2: FE Modelling of Steel Connections in Heating and Cooling Phasefire-research.group.shef.ac.uk/steelinfire/downloads/GK... · 2009. 4. 21. · • Beams: IPE300, Grade S275 • End-Plate:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071511/613088a61ecc51586944289c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 2
Plan
• Review the connection type involve in the research.
• End-Plate connection test and the FEM for validation.
• Flexible end plate connection model and parametric studies.
• Conclusions.
![Page 3: FE Modelling of Steel Connections in Heating and Cooling Phasefire-research.group.shef.ac.uk/steelinfire/downloads/GK... · 2009. 4. 21. · • Beams: IPE300, Grade S275 • End-Plate:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071511/613088a61ecc51586944289c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 3
Steel Connection Types Involved
Fillet
weld
End Plate Single
row
bolt
group
Supported beam
Supporting
column
End-Plate
Supporting
columnSupported
beam
Web
angle
Double Web Angle
Supporting
column Supported
beam
Fin
plate
Fillet
weld
Single row
bolt group
Fin Plate
Fillet
weld
End Plate
Single row
bolt group
Supported beam
Supporting
column
Flexible End Plate
![Page 4: FE Modelling of Steel Connections in Heating and Cooling Phasefire-research.group.shef.ac.uk/steelinfire/downloads/GK... · 2009. 4. 21. · • Beams: IPE300, Grade S275 • End-Plate:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071511/613088a61ecc51586944289c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 4
End-plate connections, Test Assembly
• Column: HEA220, Grade S355
• Beams: IPE300, Grade S275
• End-Plate: 330x220x10 mm, Grade S275
• Bolts: M20, Grade 8.8
• Beams and connections components are unprotected
• Column is protected
• Applied load is 35 kN
• Right end axial beam restrain of 2 kN/mm spring stiffness
![Page 5: FE Modelling of Steel Connections in Heating and Cooling Phasefire-research.group.shef.ac.uk/steelinfire/downloads/GK... · 2009. 4. 21. · • Beams: IPE300, Grade S275 • End-Plate:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071511/613088a61ecc51586944289c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 5
End-plate Connection, Test Setting
3470 m
m
IPE300
HE
A220
IPE300
5000 mm
35 kN
825 m
m
2650 mm
![Page 6: FE Modelling of Steel Connections in Heating and Cooling Phasefire-research.group.shef.ac.uk/steelinfire/downloads/GK... · 2009. 4. 21. · • Beams: IPE300, Grade S275 • End-Plate:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071511/613088a61ecc51586944289c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 6
Material Properties
• EC3 material models was adopted
• EC3 bolt strength reduction
factors were implemented
• EC3 thermal expansion data was
used in all the material models0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
Strain [%]
Str
ess
[N
/mm
²]
20 [°C]
100 [°C]
200 [°C]
300 [°C]
400 [°C]
500 [°C]
550 [°C]
600 [°C]
700 [°C]
800 [°C]
0 300 600 900 1200
100
80
60
40
20
% o
f red
uct
ion
fact
or
norm
al
valu
e
Temperature (°C)
Effective yield
strength
(at 2% strain)
Elastic
modulus
Proportional
limit
Bolt Reduction Factors
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
Temperature [◦C]
Red
ucti
on
Facto
r
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 7
The FE Modelling
Geometry, Mesh and Boundary Condition
35 kN
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 8
Temperature Field (Beam)
Time-Temperature (Beam)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195
Time [min]
Tem
pera
ture
TC 21
TC 22
TC 23
TC 24
TC 25
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 9
The FE Modelling Result
Beam Laterally Restrained
![Page 10: FE Modelling of Steel Connections in Heating and Cooling Phasefire-research.group.shef.ac.uk/steelinfire/downloads/GK... · 2009. 4. 21. · • Beams: IPE300, Grade S275 • End-Plate:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071511/613088a61ecc51586944289c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 10
Temperature - Vertical Deflection
Temperature - Deflection
-220
-170
-120
-70
-20
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
Temperature [◦C]
De
fle
cti
on
[m
m]
Test Data
Abaqus FEM
• Simulation results are in
very good agreement
with the test results.
• The FE model shows
conservative result as it
falls below the test data.
• Initial failure temperature
was the same (700°C) for
both the test and the FE
model.
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 11
Time – Horizontal Displacement
Horizontal Displacement-Time
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195
Time [min]
Dis
pla
cem
en
t [m
m]
Test-74
Test-75
Model
• Horizontal displacement for
the FEM results are
conservative and in good
agreement with the test
results.
• The maximum horizontal
displacement generated
was 42 mm at 60 minute.
• The catenary action started
earlier than the test in the
heating phase.
![Page 12: FE Modelling of Steel Connections in Heating and Cooling Phasefire-research.group.shef.ac.uk/steelinfire/downloads/GK... · 2009. 4. 21. · • Beams: IPE300, Grade S275 • End-Plate:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071511/613088a61ecc51586944289c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 12
Flexible End Plate Connection
Parametric Studies Model
Symmetric boundary
Symmetric
boundary
Literal restrains
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 13
Temperature heating Curve
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600
Time (min)
Tem
pera
ture
(°C
)
n = 0.3 - Curve n°1
n = 0.5 - Curve n°1
n = 0.7 - Curve n°1
n = 0.3 - Curve n°2
n = 0.5 - Curve n°2
n = 0.7 - Curve n°2
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 14
Flexible End Plate Connection
Parametric Studies
12m - 0.7W - 03% K
12m - 0.7W - 10% K
12m - 0.7W - 15% K
6 M
Beam: IPE300 / S275
Column: HEA300 / S275
Beam: IPE550 / S235
Column: HEM300 / S275
6m - 0.7W - 03% K
6m - 0.7W - 10% K
6m - 0.7W - 15% K
12 M
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 15
Flexible End Plate Connection
Parametric Studies Model
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 16
Flexible End Plate Connection
Parametric Studies Model
![Page 17: FE Modelling of Steel Connections in Heating and Cooling Phasefire-research.group.shef.ac.uk/steelinfire/downloads/GK... · 2009. 4. 21. · • Beams: IPE300, Grade S275 • End-Plate:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071511/613088a61ecc51586944289c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 17
Flexible End Plate Connection Parametric Studies Model
Beam: IPE300 / S275Column: HEA300 / S275
6 M
-240
-220
-200
-180
-160
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time [Min.]
Vert
ical
Defl
ecti
on
[m
m]
0.7W-03%K (6M)
0.7W-10%K (6M)
0.7W-15%K (6M)
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 18
Flexible End Plate Connection Parametric Studies Model
Beam: IPE300 / S275Column: HEA300 / S275
6 M
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time [Min.]
Axia
l D
efl
ecti
on
[m
m]
0.7W-03%K (6M)
0.7W-10%K (6M)
0.7W-15%K (6M)
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 19
Flexible End Plate Connection Parametric Studies Model
Beam: IPE300 / S275Column: HEA300 / S275
6 M
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Time [Min.]
Axia
l F
orc
e [
kN
]
0.7W-03%K (6M)
0.7W-10%K (6M)
0.7W-15%K (6M)
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 20
Flexible End Plate Connection Parametric Studies Model
![Page 21: FE Modelling of Steel Connections in Heating and Cooling Phasefire-research.group.shef.ac.uk/steelinfire/downloads/GK... · 2009. 4. 21. · • Beams: IPE300, Grade S275 • End-Plate:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071511/613088a61ecc51586944289c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 21
Flexible End Plate Connection Parametric Studies Model
![Page 22: FE Modelling of Steel Connections in Heating and Cooling Phasefire-research.group.shef.ac.uk/steelinfire/downloads/GK... · 2009. 4. 21. · • Beams: IPE300, Grade S275 • End-Plate:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071511/613088a61ecc51586944289c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 22
Flexible End Plate Connection Parametric Studies Model
Beam: IPE550 / S235Column: HEM300 / S275
12 M
-1200
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time [Min.]
Vert
ical
Defl
ecti
on
[m
m]
0.7W-03%K (6M)
0.7W-10%K (6M)
0.7W-15%K (6M)
![Page 23: FE Modelling of Steel Connections in Heating and Cooling Phasefire-research.group.shef.ac.uk/steelinfire/downloads/GK... · 2009. 4. 21. · • Beams: IPE300, Grade S275 • End-Plate:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071511/613088a61ecc51586944289c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 23
Flexible End Plate Connection Parametric Studies Model
Beam: IPE550 / S235Column: HEM300 / S275
12 M
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time [Min.]
Axia
l D
efl
ecti
on
[m
m]
0.7W-03%K (6M)
0.7W-10%K (6M)
0.7W-15%K (6M)
![Page 24: FE Modelling of Steel Connections in Heating and Cooling Phasefire-research.group.shef.ac.uk/steelinfire/downloads/GK... · 2009. 4. 21. · • Beams: IPE300, Grade S275 • End-Plate:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071511/613088a61ecc51586944289c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 24
Flexible End Plate Connection Parametric Studies Model
Beam: IPE550 / S235Column: HEM300 / S275
12 M
-1200
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Time [Min.]
Axia
l F
orc
e [
kN
]
0.7W-03%K (12M)
0.7W-10%K (12M)
0.7W-15%K (12M)
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 25
Conclusions
• The FEM of End-Plate connection has been validated
successfully to the test data.
• Most flexible end plate connection failure initiated by
material tear off, either in plate or beam web next to the
weld.
• The failure seem to be initiated in the heating phase
rather than in the cooling phase.
• It does not seem to be realistic to use S235 for 12 m
beam span.
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 1
FE Modelling of Steel Connections in Heating and Cooling Phase
Dr. George N. Koutlas Dr. Marwan Sarraj
![Page 27: FE Modelling of Steel Connections in Heating and Cooling Phasefire-research.group.shef.ac.uk/steelinfire/downloads/GK... · 2009. 4. 21. · • Beams: IPE300, Grade S275 • End-Plate:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071511/613088a61ecc51586944289c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 2
Plan
• Review the connection type involve in the research.
• End-Plate connection test and the FEM for validation.
• Flexible end plate connection model and parametric studies.
• Conclusions.
![Page 28: FE Modelling of Steel Connections in Heating and Cooling Phasefire-research.group.shef.ac.uk/steelinfire/downloads/GK... · 2009. 4. 21. · • Beams: IPE300, Grade S275 • End-Plate:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071511/613088a61ecc51586944289c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 3
Steel Connection Types Involved
Fillet
weld
End Plate Single
row
bolt
group
Supported beam
Supporting
column
End-Plate
Supporting
columnSupported
beam
Web
angle
Double Web Angle
Supporting
column Supported
beam
Fin
plate
Fillet
weld
Single row
bolt group
Fin Plate
Fillet
weld
End Plate
Single row
bolt group
Supported beam
Supporting
column
Flexible End Plate
![Page 29: FE Modelling of Steel Connections in Heating and Cooling Phasefire-research.group.shef.ac.uk/steelinfire/downloads/GK... · 2009. 4. 21. · • Beams: IPE300, Grade S275 • End-Plate:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071511/613088a61ecc51586944289c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 4
End-plate connections, Test Assembly
• Column: HEA220, Grade S355
• Beams: IPE300, Grade S275
• End-Plate: 330x220x10 mm, Grade S275
• Bolts: M20, Grade 8.8
• Beams and connections components are unprotected
• Column is protected
• Applied load is 35 kN
• Right end axial beam restrain of 2 kN/mm spring stiffness
![Page 30: FE Modelling of Steel Connections in Heating and Cooling Phasefire-research.group.shef.ac.uk/steelinfire/downloads/GK... · 2009. 4. 21. · • Beams: IPE300, Grade S275 • End-Plate:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071511/613088a61ecc51586944289c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 5
End-plate Connection, Test Setting
3470 m
m
IPE300
HE
A220
IPE300
5000 mm
35 kN
825 m
m
2650 mm
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 6
Material Properties
• EC3 material models was adopted
• EC3 bolt strength reduction
factors were implemented
• EC3 thermal expansion data was
used in all the material models0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
Strain [%]
Str
ess
[N
/mm
²]
20 [°C]
100 [°C]
200 [°C]
300 [°C]
400 [°C]
500 [°C]
550 [°C]
600 [°C]
700 [°C]
800 [°C]
0 300 600 900 1200
100
80
60
40
20
% o
f red
uct
ion
fact
or
norm
al
valu
e
Temperature (°C)
Effective yield
strength
(at 2% strain)
Elastic
modulus
Proportional
limit
Bolt Reduction Factors
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
Temperature [◦C]
Red
ucti
on
Facto
r
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 7
The FE Modelling
Geometry, Mesh and Boundary Condition
35 kN
![Page 33: FE Modelling of Steel Connections in Heating and Cooling Phasefire-research.group.shef.ac.uk/steelinfire/downloads/GK... · 2009. 4. 21. · • Beams: IPE300, Grade S275 • End-Plate:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071511/613088a61ecc51586944289c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 8
Temperature Field (Beam)
Time-Temperature (Beam)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195
Time [min]
Tem
pera
ture
TC 21
TC 22
TC 23
TC 24
TC 25
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 9
The FE Modelling Result
Beam Laterally Restrained
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 10
Temperature - Vertical Deflection
Temperature - Deflection
-220
-170
-120
-70
-20
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
Temperature [◦C]
De
fle
cti
on
[m
m]
Test Data
Abaqus FEM
• Simulation results are in
very good agreement
with the test results.
• The FE model shows
conservative result as it
falls below the test data.
• Initial failure temperature
was the same (700°C) for
both the test and the FE
model.
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 11
Time – Horizontal Displacement
Horizontal Displacement-Time
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195
Time [min]
Dis
pla
cem
en
t [m
m]
Test-74
Test-75
Model
• Horizontal displacement for
the FEM results are
conservative and in good
agreement with the test
results.
• The maximum horizontal
displacement generated
was 42 mm at 60 minute.
• The catenary action started
earlier than the test in the
heating phase.
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 12
Flexible End Plate Connection
Parametric Studies Model
Symmetric boundary
Symmetric
boundary
Literal restrains
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 13
Temperature heating Curve
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600
Time (min)
Tem
pera
ture
(°C
)
n = 0.3 - Curve n°1
n = 0.5 - Curve n°1
n = 0.7 - Curve n°1
n = 0.3 - Curve n°2
n = 0.5 - Curve n°2
n = 0.7 - Curve n°2
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 14
Flexible End Plate Connection
Parametric Studies
12m - 0.7W - 03% K
12m - 0.7W - 10% K
12m - 0.7W - 15% K
6 M
Beam: IPE300 / S275
Column: HEA300 / S275
Beam: IPE550 / S235
Column: HEM300 / S275
6m - 0.7W - 03% K
6m - 0.7W - 10% K
6m - 0.7W - 15% K
12 M
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 15
Flexible End Plate Connection
Parametric Studies Model
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 16
Flexible End Plate Connection
Parametric Studies Model
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 17
Flexible End Plate Connection Parametric Studies Model
Beam: IPE300 / S275Column: HEA300 / S275
6 M
-240
-220
-200
-180
-160
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time [Min.]
Vert
ical
Defl
ecti
on
[m
m]
0.7W-03%K (6M)
0.7W-10%K (6M)
0.7W-15%K (6M)
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 18
Flexible End Plate Connection Parametric Studies Model
Beam: IPE300 / S275Column: HEA300 / S275
6 M
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time [Min.]
Axia
l D
efl
ecti
on
[m
m]
0.7W-03%K (6M)
0.7W-10%K (6M)
0.7W-15%K (6M)
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 19
Flexible End Plate Connection Parametric Studies Model
Beam: IPE300 / S275Column: HEA300 / S275
6 M
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Time [Min.]
Axia
l F
orc
e [
kN
]
0.7W-03%K (6M)
0.7W-10%K (6M)
0.7W-15%K (6M)
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 20
Flexible End Plate Connection Parametric Studies Model
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 21
Flexible End Plate Connection Parametric Studies Model
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 22
Flexible End Plate Connection Parametric Studies Model
Beam: IPE550 / S235Column: HEM300 / S275
12 M
-1200
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time [Min.]
Vert
ical
Defl
ecti
on
[m
m]
0.7W-03%K (6M)
0.7W-10%K (6M)
0.7W-15%K (6M)
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 23
Flexible End Plate Connection Parametric Studies Model
Beam: IPE550 / S235Column: HEM300 / S275
12 M
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time [Min.]
Axia
l D
efl
ecti
on
[m
m]
0.7W-03%K (6M)
0.7W-10%K (6M)
0.7W-15%K (6M)
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 24
Flexible End Plate Connection Parametric Studies Model
Beam: IPE550 / S235Column: HEM300 / S275
12 M
-1200
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Time [Min.]
Axia
l F
orc
e [
kN
]
0.7W-03%K (12M)
0.7W-10%K (12M)
0.7W-15%K (12M)
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Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 25
Conclusions
• The FEM of End-Plate connection has been validated
successfully to the test data.
• Most flexible end plate connection failure initiated by
material tear off, either in plate or beam web next to the
weld.
• The failure seem to be initiated in the heating phase
rather than in the cooling phase.
• It does not seem to be realistic to use S235 for 12 m
beam span.