FDRs 1 st New Deal Relief Programs Banks/Sto ck Market Farming Industry Debt Relief Bank Holiday...
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The Architect of Increased Government
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FDR’s 1st New Deal
Relief Programs
Banks/Stock
Market
Farming & Industry
Debt Relief
Bank HolidayEmergency Banking Relief Act
Securities and Exchange CommissionFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Agricultural Adjustment Admin.National Industrial Recovery Act
National Recovery AdministrationTennessee Valley Authority
Home Owners’ Loan CorporationFarm Credit Administration
Civilian Conservation CorpsPublic Works AdministrationCivil Works Administration
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The Three R’s
Relief
Recovery
Reform
Immediate Assistance to those Suffering
Begin changes to allow nation to recover
Enact permanent long-term reform and
change
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Focus on: Relief
Bank Holiday
Emergency Banking Act
•FDR orders all banks in US closed.•Government to determine which wouldreopen and which would close permanently
The Only Thing We have to Fear is Fear itself
Required government to check every bank
Licenses issued to banks that were sound andfinancially acceptable
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Focus on: ReliefCCC
Work relief program for men aged 18-25
Most work done in Western U.S.
Planting treesBuilding roadsFighting forest firesBuilding public parks
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Focus on: ReliefCWA
Established to create jobs for unemployed
Created for the Winter of 1933-34Ended Spring 1934
Employed over 4,000,000 worksCost over 1 billion dollars for5 months only
Laid sewer pipesBuilt 500,000 miles of roadsWorked on schools, airports, public buildings, etc
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Focus on: RecoveryAAA
Government determined howMuch could be producedby farmers
-corn-wheat-cotton-rice-milk-peanuts-tobacco
Farmers received Government checks to REDUCE their crops
Government could control supply and demand and therefore: PRICES
Eventually Ruled unconstitutional by Supreme Court
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Focus on: RecoveryNIRA
Two Parts
Part I: regulated labor and industry in America
-fair prices-fair pay-similar business practices-codes of working standards-established prices for certain products
Part II: Established the Public Works Administration
-explained projects to be created-funded projects
Was later ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court
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Focus on: RecoveryNRA
Industries in the US could create codes for fair competition in business
Attempted to:
-reduce competition-setting minimum wages/similar wages-setting hours of work-set prices with other businesses
The Blue Eagle Mascot of the NRA
The Blue Eagle was so popular with some
New franchise in the NFL was started:
PhiladelphiaEagles
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Focus on: RecoveryPWA
Creation of large scale building projects to employ workers
Some famous projects built by the PWA
Lincoln Tunnel: NY/NJ
Grand Coulee Dam: WA
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Focus on: Recovery WPA
Largest New Deal Agency
Construction of public buildings and roadsParks, bridges, schoolsArts and literary projects
Provide work for the unemployedTotal cost was 11 billion dollars
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Focus on: RecoveryTVA
Government controlled corporation to control flooding andprovide electricity for Tennessee Valley area
Series of dams built to control river
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Focus on: ReformSEC FDIC
Created to regulate the Stock Marketand protect consumers from fraud
Truthful reports on companies value
Provided insurance for bankdeposits up to set amounts.
Restored public confidence.
If a bank failed then individualsmoney would be insured by thefederal government
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SSAFocus on: Reform
Passed in 1935
Provide security and a paycheck for retired andunemployed
Created primarily as an Insurance bill
Workers pay monthly taxes to it/employers match payments
Monthly retirement checks at age 65 would begin
Also provide temporary unemployment insurance
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The Second New Deal1935-1937 Challenges to FDR’s New Deal
Huey
Lon
g • Huey Long
• Wanted more projects for poor
• Share Our Wealth program
Fath
er C
ough
lin • Father Coughlin
• Call for heavy taxes on rich and government takeover of banks
Dr. F
ranc
is To
wns
end • Francis
Townsend
• Pay everyone 60 and up $200 a month which had to be spent
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Election of 1936The New Democratic Party Coalition of Voters
-African Americans switch parties in huge numbers-Farmers and laborers-New immigrants-Women
-FDR appointed 1st woman to CabinetFrances Perkins
-
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FDR’s Second Term: 1937-1941Court Packing Plan
FDR proposed to increased number of justices on Court
Required retirement for a judge at 70 with 10 years on court
The President could then appoint an extra justice.
In 1937 the court may have grown from 9 to 16 justices
Why:
FDR not happy with Supreme Court blocking some of his New Deal Programs
Replace with ones that would accept his programs
Effects:
FDR appeared power hungry
US public feared too much power to thePresident
Supreme Court woke up and workedwith FDR more
It was NEVER passed at all.
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The Roosevelt Recession of 1937
FDR attempted to cut back government spending as economy looked better
FDR wanted to balance the budget
End Deficit Spending
WPA and PWA was cut heavilySocial Security taxes now removingmoney from economy
Result:
Economy fell hard, unemployment rose sharply
FDR finally accepted Keynesian Economics strategy
Spend heavily (deficit spending) during bad times.
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The Legacy of the New DealThe United States government began a new role in American History
Broker State:
Regulating all different interests in the nation
Modern Welfare State:
Government created safety nets for citizens during bad times
The New Government:
Role of government enlarged and heavily strengthened
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insThe Legacy of the New Deal
How did FDR’s New Deal completely change the role of the US government?
You must write a ONE sentence answer to the previous question and you muse use every one of the following terms/phrases below in your sentence.
ONE SENTENCE
Franklin D. Roosevelt relationshipNew Deal social1930’s economicUnemployment assistancegreatly dependentRoleexpandedDemocrats
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Key Review ItemsThe Dust Bowl: Drought and winds in Midwest, many moved from OK to California
John Steinbeck: The Grapes of Wrath, book about family leaving OK and moving toCalifornia
Wrote about the despair and dark mood of the 1930’s
Hoover’s view on helping during Depression: rugged individualism
1929: Stock Market Crash
1936 election: Large numbers of Black voters switch to Democratic Party
Bonus Army: Army veterans marched to DC to demand early bonus checks
Know how: “buying on margin” and overproduction were causes of Depression
Passage of tariffs had European nations pass tariffs, global trade slowed heavy.