FCCSpectrumActivities:FuelingtheInternetofThings

MichaelHa,DeputyChiefPolicyandRulesDivision

OfficeofEngineeringandTechnology

IEEE5GWorldForumJuly9,2018

Note:TheviewsexpressedinthispresentationarethoseoftheauthorandmaynotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsoftheFederalCommunications Commission

Let’sStartwithanExam

Thehighestfrequencythatisviableformobileserviceis?

A)1GHzB)3GHzC)6GHzD)95GHzE)Noneoftheabove

TheCorrectAnswerDependsonWhentheQuestionWasAsked

Before 1980: 1 GHzPrivate Land Mobile

1980 - 2010: 3 GHzCellular Systems

2010: 1 GHzSmall Cells

2016: 95 GHz???MIMO & Adaptive Antennas

6 GHz 2018:

TheEverythingWirelessWorld

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Display at Home Improvement Store

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Demand for Access to Spectrum Continues to Grow

HowThisAllCameAbout:It’sAsSimpleas1,2,3...4

Access to Spectrum

Unlicensed UseLicensed Use

Flexible Rules

Industry Standards InnovationTechnology

Developments

KeyFCCSpectrumInitiatives&Proceedings

• LowFrequencySpectrum:– BroadcastIncentiveAuction(600MHzband)

• MidFrequencySpectrum:– 3.5GHz(3550-3700MHz)– Mid-BandSpectrumNoticeofInquiry(3.7GHzto24GHz)

• HighFrequencySpectrum:– SpectrumFrontiers(above24GHz)– SpectrumHorizons(above95GHz)

11 Megahertz“Duplex Gap”

6 megahertzWSD

UnlicensedMicrophones

Uplink

1 MHz buffer

Downlink

LicensedMics

LowBand:TVIncentiveAuction(600MHz)band)

How it Works

37 38333231 3635343029282726252724232221 39 42 44434140 700 MHz ULBA11 BA 112 42

37 38333231 3635343029282726252724232221 39 42 434140 700 MHz ULCBACBA7 11

37 38333231 3635343029282726252724232221 39 4140 700 MHz ULDCBADCBA9 11

3 48

4 60

37 38333231 3635343029282726252724232221 39 700 MHz ULEDCBAEDCBA5 72 1111

37 38333231 3635343029282726252724232221 700 MHz ULFEDCBFEDCB AA6 78 117

37 700 MHz UL26252724232221 30292827 333231 3534 GFEDC GFEDCBA BA36 117 384

9

108

37 700 MHz UL39

37 700 MHz UL302928 31 311

3

3 C HGFFD B11

G H JI JIHGFED11

A

CBA

BA C HGFED

FEDCBA

3226252724232221 278

37 700 MHz UL7 3 3 IHGFE IHGFEDC11 BADCBA302928 3126252724232221 27114

10 292826252724232221 27126

37 700 MHz UL3 3H I KJ KJIHGFE11 DCBGFEDCB26252724232221 27 A A

37 700 MHz UL3 3I J LK LKJIHGF11 EDCHGFEDCB BA A26252724232221

11 138

12 144

11

7

37 38333231 3635343029282726252724232221 39 42 44434140 47 49484645 5150 700 MHz UL

• Reverse Auction• Ended January 13, 2017 – Stage 4; 84 megahertz clearing target

• Forward Auction Ended 2/10/17• 39 month transition period began 4/13/17• First licenses were issued 6/15/17• Post-Incentive Auction Special Displacement

Window 4/10/18 – 6/1/18

Paired SpectrumBlocks Repurposed

Ten Phase Transition Plan

MidBandCitizen’sBroadbandRadioService(3.5GHz)

3550 MHz 3700 MHz 3650

Navy Ship Radars

Non-Federal FSS ES Fixed Satellite Service

Federalspectrum allocations Federal Ground-Based Radar

3600

Citizens Broadband Radio Service

Incumbent Access

Priority Access

General Authorized Access

Spectrum sharing across three tiers

Spectrum Access System (SAS) managesAccess to spectrum

Where We Are In The Process•Conditionally approved first Spectrum Access Administrators: Amdocs, Inc.; Comsearch, CTIA – The Wireless Association, Federated Wireless, Google, Inc.; Key Bridge; and Sony Electronics, Inc.•WinnForum Multi-stakeholder process developing implementation details (working with NTIA & DoD)•WinnForum completed ten standards comprising the baseline specifications for commercial operations within the 3.5 GHz Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) band - - allows the finalization of CBRS products already in various levels of testing and sets the stage for the rollout of commercial CBRS networks•NTIA Institute for Telecommunications Standards to perform SAS testing

MidBandNoticeofInquiry

• Soughtcommentonpotentialopportunities forflexibleuseinbandsbetween3.7and24GHz

• Askeddetailedquestionsabout threespecificmid-rangebands: 3.7-4.2GHz;5.925-6.425GHz;and,6.425-7.125GHz

• Askedcommenterstoidentifyothermid-rangebandsthatmightbesuitablecandidatesforexpandedflexiblewirelessuse

• Significance:3.7GHzisadjacentto3.5GHzband;6-7GHziscloseto5GHzunlicensedbands

TwoAreasofFocus:

3.7– 4.2GHz– LicensedaccesstoC-bandsatelliteDLspectrum?

6– 7GHz– UnlicensedsharingwithPt-2-Ptmicrowave&satelliteuplinks?

HighBandSpectrumFrontiers

SpectrumAllocations

q 12.55GHzofSpectrumaddedformobile

• LicensedBands(Total5.55GHz):24.25-24.45GHzand24.75-25.25GHz;47.2-48.2GHz;27.5-28.35GHz;37-38.6GHz;38.6-40GHz;

• UnlicensedBands(Total7GHz):64-71GHz

ServiceRules

q Part30:UpperMicrowaveFlexibleUseService(UMFUS)

q GeographicAreaLicensing,AreaSize,BandPlan,LicenseTerm,OverlayAuctions

q Technicalrulesq Performance

Requirements

Often Associated with “5G” – but 5G is not band specific

Key Milestones of Spectrum Frontiersq NOIonOctober2014:Sought commentonbandsabove24GHzq NPRMonOctober2015:Multiplebandswereproposed

q 24GHz,28GHz,31GHz,37GHz,39GHz,42GHz,48GHz,50GHz,60GHz,70/80GHz

q 1st R&OonJuly2016q 10.85GHzofSpectrumaddedformobile

q LicensedBands(3.85GHz):27.5-28.35GHz;37-38.6GHz;38.6-40GHz;

q UnlicensedBands(7GHz):64-71GHz

q 2nd R&OonNov2017:q 1700MHzofspectrumaddedforflexiblewirelessuse

q 24.25-24.45GHz;24.75-25.25GHz;47.2-48.2GHz

q 3rd R&O,MO&O,and3rd FNPRMonJune2018q Operabilityrequirementfortheentire24GHzband,FSSsharinginaportionof24GHz

band,abandplanfortheLower37GHzband,andspectrumaggregationrulesapplicabletocertainbands

q DenypetitionsforreconsiderationaskingforgeographicarealicensingintheLower37GHzbandandaskingtoallocatethe42GHzbandforsatelliteuse

q Seekcommentonmaking2.75GHzofadditionalspectruminthe26GHzband42GHzbands

11

WRC-19 1.13

Remaining &

3rd FNPRM

24.25 – 27.5 GHz

31.8 – 33.4 GHz

37 – 40.5 GHz

40.5 – 42.5 GHz

42.5 – 43.5 GHz45.5 – 47 GHz

47 – 47.2 GHz

47.2 – 50.2 GHz

50.4 – 52.6 GHz

66 – 76 GHz 81 – 86 GHz

…

31.8 – 33.4 GHz

40 – 42 GHz Core Satellite 48.2 – 50.2 GHz Core Satellite

81 – 86 GHz71 – 76 GHz

2016 1st R&O

38.6 – 40 GHz UMFUS37 – 38.6 GHz UMFUS27.5 – 28.35 GHz

UMFUS[57 - 64 GHz]

Existing Unlicensed64 – 71 GHz

New Unlicensed

50.4 – 52.6 GHz

2017 2nd R&O

24.75 – 25.25 GHz UMFUS24.25 – 24.45 GHz UMFUS 47.2 – 48.2 GHz UMFUS

42 – 42.5 GHz

Fixed and Other Innovative Uses

25.25 – 27.5 GHz

Overview of Spectrum Frontiers Bands

Spectrum Horizons(ETDocketNo.18-21;RM-11713;WTDocketNo.15-245;RM-11795 )

• Proposedtoexpandaccessabove95GHz– Totalof102.2GHztoforlicensed

point-to-pointservices• Similarto70/80/90GHzrules• Licensednationwide,non-exclusivebasis• Registerlinkswithdatabasemanager• Seekcommentonmobileuse

– Totalof15.2GHzforunlicenseduse• Similarto60GHzrules• Selectedhighabsorption bands

– Newtypeofexperimentallicenses>95GHz• Longerlicenseterms• Ability toselldevices

Achieve Fiber Capacity

Much of the spectrum above 95 GHz is

allocated for passive services

Source: IEEE ICC Plenary Presentation by Prof. T. Rappaport, 6/2013

Your mileage may vary:

Foliage loss at 80 GHz and 10m penetration = 23.5 dB (15dB higher than @ 3 GHz)

Heavy rain in 70/80/90 GHz band results in 10 dB/km fadeSource: Samsung

2013TACSlideonAtmosphericLoss

OmnibusAppropriationsActPublicLaw115-141(Enacted3.23.2018)

AKARayBaumAct(RepackAirwavesYieldingBetterAccessforUsersofModernServicesActof2018)

• ContainsnumerousprovisionsforactionsandreportsbyFCC,NTIA,etalrespectrum:

– Identifyatleast255MHzofspectrumformobileandfixedwirelessBBuse(100MHzbelow8GHzforunlicensed use;100MHzbelow6GHzforflexiblelicenseduse;55MHzbelow8GHzforlicensed/unlicensed orbothuse)by12/31/2022

– NTIAfeasibilityreportoncommercialwirelessusein3100-3550MHzbandby3/23/20– FCCfeasibility reportoncommercialwirelessusein3700-4200MHzbandby9/23/19– Publish NPRMtoauthorizemobileorfixedusein42-42.5GHzband.– NTIAreportonrecommendations toincentivizeFederalentitiestogiveuporsharespectrum– Collaboratew/NTIAtoconductbidirectional sharingstudyby9/23/19– Developnationalplanby9/23/19tomakeadd’lspectrumavailableforunlicensed orlicenseduse– Adoptrulestopermitunlicenseduseinguardbands (including duplexgaps)– EnsureFCCeffortsrelatedtounlicensedusepolicies arereasonableandinthepublicinterest

• Andmanyotherprovisions

The Internet of Things FCC Technological Advisory Council

Graphic Courtesy Bill Morelli, IHS Technologies

Wired WPAN WLAN WWAN

• 2G Cellular• 3G Cellular• 4G Cellular• 5G Cellular• Satellite

• 802.11a/b/g• 802.11n• 802.11ac• 802.11ad• Other 802.11• DECT ULE• Other 2.4GHz• Other Sub-GHz

• ANT+• Bluetooth –

Classic & Smart Ready

• Bluetooth Smart

• ZigBee PRO• ZigBee RF4CE• ZigBee Multi-

Protocol• EnOcean• ISA100.11a• WirelessHART• Z-Wave• Other 802.15.4

• Ethernet, Coax, Fiber, etc. considered as a single category

WidelyVaryingRequirementsandWaystoConnectforIoT

FactorsAffectingRequirements

• Spectrum&Bandwidth:– Video– high– RemoteControl– Itdepends

• Operatingrange:– Short– ThermostattoAP– Long– Remotemonitoring

• ManyotherCharacteristics:– DeviceSize– Batterylife– Requiredreliability– Antennamatch

ManyWaystoConnect

• Wired• Commercialwireless• Satellite• Otherradioservices• Unlicensed• Combinationsofalltheabove

IoT Does Not Lend Itself to a Single Approach

SignificantNetworkInvestmentsforIOT

• 5GNR(newradio)– Protocolssupporting machinecommunicationsandminimizebatteryusage– TwoFlavors

• Standalone:toextendIOTcapabilities to4Gsystems• Non-standalone:implementon5GRANs

• Networkimprovementsfor4G/5G– SDN/NFVtoallocaterequired resourcesfordifferentservicetypes

• Expansionof5Gdefinitiontoembracelow,midandhighbandspectrum

• DeploymentofnewLowPowerWideAreaNetworks(e.g.Sigfox,LoRA;Ingenu)targetedatIOTusingunlicensedspectrum

• PlannedsatelliteservicesspecifictoIOT

SpectrumAvailableforIoTLicensed

• Existingcommercialwirelessbandsallowflexibleuse

• Expansionofspectrum:– AWS-3– Auctioned 11/13/14– AWS-4–MobileSatelliteS-band

spectrumtoterrestrial– TVIncentiveAuction– 600MHz– 3.5GHz– Advancedsharing(Priority

AccessLicenses)– Newlicensedbands inmillimeter

wavespectrumat24GHz,28GHz,37GHz,39GHzand47GHz

Unlicensed• Existingunlicensedbandsallow

flexibleuse:– 915MHz(902– 928MHz)– 2.4GHz(2400– 2483MHz)– 5GHz(Totalof555MHz)– 57– 64GHz(7GHz)– Overlayinmanyotherbands

• Expansionofunlicensed:• Newbandat64– 71GHz• WhiteSpacesinTVand600MHzbands• 3.5GHz– Advancedsharing

(GeneralAuthorizedAccess)• Relaxedexisting5GHzrules• Considering additionalspectrumat5GHz

FCCRoleforIoT

• Providespectrumforlicensedandunlicenseduse

• Establishtechnicalrulestominimizetheriskofradiointerference(i.e.,frequency,power,spuriousemissions)

• Overseeequipmentauthorizationprogramtoensurecompliance

• HaverulesspecificallyaddressingIoT

• Establishprotocols/standards-- industrydevelopswithinframeworkofFCCrules

• RequirecompliancewithInternetprotocols

• Ensureinteroperabilityofnetworksordevices

FCC Does: FCC Doesn’t:

OtherSpectrumActivities

• 5.9GHzUnlicensed&Testing(ETDocketNo.13-49)

• TVWhiteSpace(ETDocketNo.14-165)

• NPRMonStreamliningLicensingProceduresforSmallSatellites(IBDocketNo.18-86)

• SixthFurtherNPRMon4.9GHz(WPDocketNo.07-100)

• NoItoReviewoftheCommission’sRulesGoverningthe896-901/935-940MHzBandtoCreateaPrivateEnterpriseBroadbandAllocation(WTDocketNo.17-200)

FCCTechnologicalAdvisoryCouncilTopicsfor2018

• 5GandtheInternetofThings• MobileDeviceTheftPrevention• AntennaTechnology• CommunicationStrategyforDrones• ComputationalPowerandStressontheNetworks

ProgressofSpectrumSharing

Early 1990’s

• Unlicensed PCS (etiquette)• Medical Implants

Late 1990’s

2000’s

2010’s

The Future

• Software Defined Radios• Wi-Fi & Bluetooth

• Dynamic Frequency Selection• TV White Space & Cognitive Radio

• Citizen’s Broadband Radio Service

New Opportunities

Future Game Changers

•Prove benefits = buy-in

•Artificial intelligence

•Interference management

Game Changers•SDR: Frequency agility

•Data bases & cognitive radio

•Internet: Ability to connect to & manage devices

Thank You!