FCAT Science Vocabulary Rev
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Transcript of FCAT Science Vocabulary Rev
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FCAT Science Vocabulary
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An environmental factor notassociated with livingorganism. Example rocks ,air , sun and weather
Abiotic
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Rate of change in velocity, usually
expressed in m/s2
Acceleration
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A substance that increases theH+ (positive ion) concentrationwhen added to a water solution.*T
aste Sour*Turns blue litmus paper red.
Acid
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Amount of energy required tostart a particular chemicalreaction.
Activation Energy
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A particular development, behavior, or
physiological change in a population oforganisms, in response to changes in theenvironment.
Adaptation
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Any alternate form of a genethat an organism may have fora particular trait.
Allele
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An organic molecules thatmakes up proteins.* there are 20 of them.
Amino Acids
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In any periodic function (e.g., awave) the distance betweenthe position of rest and the highest
point of a wave.
Amplitude
* The amplitude is the power of a signal. The greater theamplitude, the greater the energy carried.
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A solution containing water.
Aqueous
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New identical individuals areformed without the involvement of gametes.
*Budding*Binary Fission
Asexual Reproduction
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The average distance from
Earth to the Sun, approximately150 million kilometers or(93 million miles)
Astronomical Unit
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The layers of gas that surroundEarth, other planets, or stars
Atmosphere
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The smallest unit of matter
Atom
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The total protons in an atoms
nucleus
Atomic Number
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A substance that increases the OH-
concentration of a solution; a protonacceptor.* make your hands feel slippery.* turns red litmus paper blue.
Base
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The existence of different species in a given area or specific period of time.
Biodiversity
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A community characterized by theinteraction of living organisms andclimate factors.
Biome
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Factors in anenvironment relating to
livingorganisms.
Biotic
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Unit of energy; theamount of heat neededto raise one gram of
water one degreeCelsius at standardatmospheric pressure.
Calorie
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Animal or plant that consume orobtains nutrients from animals.*meat-eater
Carnivore
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A substance that speedsup or slows down the rateof a reaction.* the substance is not used up.
Catalyst
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The motionpushing away fromcenter or axis.
Centrifugal Force
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Centripetal Force
The force on an object toward the center of the circle.
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Change of State A.K.A Phase change.
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A change in a substance thatresults in producing a differentchemical.* Rusty Nail
Chemical Change
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Connection of electrical elements
forming a complete path forthe flow of current.
Circuit
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All thepopulationsbelonging todifferent speciesand sharingthe same area.
Community
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A substance made up of at leasttwo different elements heldtogether by chemical bonds.
Compound
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The processof changingfrom a gasto a liquid.
Condensation
How Rain Forms.
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Direct heating; thetransmission of heat
through a medium and
without the motion ofthe medium.
Conduction
OUCH !
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A fundamental principle statingenergy cannot be created ordestroyed but only change form.
*The 1st
Law of Thermodynamics.
Conservation of Energy
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The principle that mass cannotbe created or destroyed.
Conservation of Mass
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A star pattern identifiedand named as a definitegroup; usually thoughtof as forming certain
shapes or figures in aspecific region of thesky.
Constellation
Capricorn
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An organism that feeds on anotherorganism for food.* Heterotroph
Consumer
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Heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation ofcurrents from one region to another.
Convection
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Area where two tectonic platescollide.
Convergent Boundary
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A chemical link between two
atoms of the same or differentelements in which each atomshares an electron.
Covalent Bond
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The peak or highest point on a wave.
Crest
A
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Outermost layer
of Earth coveringthe mantle.* lithosphere
Crust
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Any organism that feeds or obtains
nutrients by breaking down organicmatter from dead organisms.
Decomposer
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Concentration of matter of an object;
number of individual in the samespecies that live in a given area; themass per unit volume of a substance in
a given area.* D=M/V
Density
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Factor being measured or
observed in an experiment.
Dependent Variable/Responding Variable
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Layering matter in a natural process.
D
eposition
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The bending of a wave aroundan obstruction.
Diffraction
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A nuclei acid that carriesgenetic material; present in all
cellular organisms.* Located on chromosomes in the nucleus.
DNA
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Tendency of certain alleles to mask
the expression of theircorresponding alleles.*The trait that is expressed.* Upper Case
Dominance
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Shaking of the ground caused by asudden release of energy in thecrust.
Earthquake
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An ecological community, together
with its environment, functioningas a unit.
Ecosystem
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Consisting of a coil of wire wrapped
around a core; becomesstrongly magnetized when currentflows through the coil producing amagnetic field.
Electromagnet
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The emission of the entire range of
electromagnetic spectrum including:gamma rays, x-rays, ultravioletradiation, visible light, microwaves,and radio waves.
Electromagnetic Radiation
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Generated by the oscillation of a
charged particle and characterized byperiodic variations of electric andmagnetic fields.
Electromagnetic Waves
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A stable elementary particle that is
negatively charged andorbits the nucleus of an atom.
Electron
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A substance that cannot bereduced by chemical means.
Element
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A quantity that describes thecapacity to do work; a source ofusable power.
Energy
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Diagram that compares the amount of
energy available at each position, orlevel, in the feeding order.
Energy Pyramid
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A change of energy from one form toanother (e.g., mechanical to electrical,solar to electrical).
Energy Transfer
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A measure of randomness ordisorder of a closed system.
Entropy
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Environment
The sum of conditions affecting an organism,including all living and nonliving things in anarea, such as plants, animal, water, soil,
weather, land forms, and air.
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The wearing away of Earths surface by
the breakdown and transportation ofrock and soil.
Erosion
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The process by which a liquid isconverted to its vapor phaseby heating the liquid.
Evaporation
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A rock fracture along which movement
or displacement of Earths crust hastaken place.
Fault
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Transfer of energy through various
stages as a result of feeding patternsof a series of organisms.
Food Chain
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The interconnected feedingrelationships in a food chain found in aparticular place and time.
Food Web (cycle)
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A quality that tends to produce
movement or acceleration of a body onthe direction of its application; a pushor pull.
*F=MA
Force
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A whole or part of a plant oranimal that has been preserved in
sedimentary rock.
Fossil
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The remains of animals or plant from
past geologic ages that are now in aform suitable for use as an energyresource(e.g., oil, coal, or natural gas)
Fossil Fuels
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The number of cycles orwaves per unit time.* measured in Hertz (Hz)
Frequency
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A force that
opposes therelative motionof two material
surfaces incontact with oneanother.
Friction
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A large collection of stars, gases, anddust that are part of the universe boundtogether by gravitational forces.
Galaxy
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One of the fundamentalstates of matter inwhich the molecules do
not have a fixed volumeor shape.
Gas
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A specific part of a chromosome or sequence
ofD
NA that determines a particular feature orcharacteristic in an organism.
Gene
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The sum total of the genetic
information contained in an organism.
Genotype
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A force of attraction
between two masses.
Gravitation
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A place in an ecosystem where an
organism normally lives.
Habitat
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The amount of time required for half of
an original sample of radioactivematerial to decay or undergoradioactive transformation.
Half-Life
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A form of energy resulting fromthe temperature difference
between a system and itssurroundings.
Heat
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The amount of heat energy required toconvert a unit mass of substance from a
solid to a liquid through melting at aconstant temperature and pressure.
Heat of Fusion
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The amount of heatenergy needed tochange a unit massof substance from aliquid to as gas at itsboiling point.
Heat of Vaporization
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FOR REVIEW
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An animal that feeds on plants.
Herbivore
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Cell or organism that has two differentalleles for a particular trait.
Heterozygous
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Cell or organism that has identical
alleles for a particular trait.
Homozygous
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It is formed from molten or partly moltenmaterial that cools and hardens.
Igneous Rock
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A type of simple
machine; aslanted surfacethat makes iteasier to move amass from alower point to ahigher point.
Inclined Plane
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The factor that is changed in anexperiment in order study changes
in the dependent (responding)variable.
Independent/Manipulated Variable
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A chemical compound that changescolor depending on the pH of the
solution or other chemical change.
Indicator
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Inertia
The property of an object, due to its mass, bywhich it resists any change in its position unlessovercome by force.
I t
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The form of an element with thesame number of protons but
a different number of neutrons.
Isotope
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Fundamental SI unit of temperaturewhere zero degrees is equal to
absolute zero.
Kelvin
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The energypossessed by a
body because ofits motion.
Kinetic Energy
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Electromagnetic radiation that lieswithin the visible range.
Light
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One of the fundamental states of
matter with a definite volume butno definite shape.
Liquid
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The region where magnetic force exists
around magnets or electric currents.
Magnetic Field
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M N b
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The total protonsand neutronsin a nucleus.
Mass Number
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A solid, liquid, or gas that possesses inertiaand is capable of occupying space.
Matter
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The process of nuclear division in cells
during which the number ofchromosomes is reduced by half.*sexual reproduction
Meiosis
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Forms because of extreme changes
caused by heat, pressure, or chemicalenvironments.
Metamorphic Rock
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A thin layer of tissue that
surrounds or lines a cell, a groupof cells, or a cavity; any barrier
separating two fluids.
Membrane
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A continuous, seismic mountain range extendingacross the floor of the worlds major oceans; area
where two oceanic plates are moving away from eachother releasing new crustal material.
Mid-Ocean Ridge
New Earth
Older Earth
Mitosis
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A process of nuclear division in eukaryoticcells during which the nucleus of a celldivides into two nuclei, each with the samenumber of chromosomes.
Mitosis
M l l
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The smallest unit of matter of a substance
that retains all the physical and chemicalproperties of that substance; consistsof a single atom or a group of atoms bondedtogether.
Molecule
M
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A vector quantity that is the product of
an objects mass and velocity; thegeneral effect of ongoing motion.
Momentum
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Indicates the fraction of the
Moons disc that is illuminated asseen from Earth.
Moon Phase
M t ti
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The process by which a geneundergoes a change in DNAsequence or a structural change.
Mutation
N t l S l ti
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The theory stating every organism displays slightvariations from other organisms of its kind, and the
struggle for limited natural resources results inindividuals with certain natural variations adaptedto their specific environments. * Charles Darwin
Natural Selection
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Periodic rise and fall of sea-level that occurstwice-monthly when the Sun, Moon, and Earth
are at right angles to each other.
Neap Tide
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A subatomic particle having zero charge,
found in the nucleus of an atom.
Neutron
Niche
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The unique position (job) of a speciesin terms of the area it inhabits and thefunction it performs within thecommunity.
Niche
N bl R
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A substance & or material that canonly be replenished over millions ofyears; cannot be reused (i.e., fossil fuels).
Nonrenewable Resource
Nuclear Fission
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The process by which an atomic nucleussplits into two or more large fragments,
producing vast amounts of energy andadditional neutrons.
Nuclear Fission
Nuclear Fusion
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The process by which two lighter atomicnuclei combine at extremely high
temperatures to release vast amounts ofenergy and form a heavier nucleus.
Nuclear Fusion
N l
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A cell structure that contains the cells
genetic material; also the center regionof an atom where protons and neutronsare located.
Nucleus
Permeability
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The capability of a porous substance ormembrane to allow a fluid or gas to enter it;the measure of degree to which a substance
can be penetrated by a liquid or gas.
*(semi-permeable, non-permeable.
Permeability
Organ
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A structure containing different tissues that
are organized to carry out a specific functionof the body.
Organ
H
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A symbol for the measure of the acidity(acid) or alkalinity (base) of a solution.
pH
Phenotype
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The physical characteristic
of an organism resultingfrom the interaction of itsgenetic makeup and itsenvironment.
Phenotype
Photosynthesis
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A chemical process by which plants trap lightenergy to convert carbon dioxide and waterinto carbohydrates (sugars)
Photosynthesis
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A reaction; a change in matter
from one form to another,without forming new substances.
Physical Change
Planet
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A large body in space that orbits a starand does not produce light of its own.
Planet
Terrestrial
Planets
Plate Tectonics
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Theory in which Earths crust is divided into
sections whose movements cause seismicactivity (i.e., earthquakes, volcanoes) alongtheir borders.
Plate Tectonics
Pollution
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Any alternation of the natural
environment producing a conditionharmful to living organisms; may occurnaturally or as a result of humanactivities.
Pollution
Population
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A group of organisms of the same speciesliving in a specific geographical area.
Population
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Precision
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The degree of accuracy or exactness ofa measurement or tool.
Precision
Predator
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An organism that preys on and eatsanimals; usually an animal.
Predator
Pressure
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The force exerted per unit area.
Pressure
Barometer
Prey
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An organism caught or hunted forfood by another organism.
Prey
Prism
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A piece of glassthat disperses abeam of white
light into itscomponentcolors.
Prism
P d
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An organism that makes its own food fromthe environment (by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis).
*Autotrophs
Producer
Product
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A substance or compound
resulting from a chemical reaction.
Product
Product
Protein
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A biological macromolecule composed
of one or more chains of amino acids.* produced by ribosomes
Protein
Protist
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Unicellularorganismsbelonging tothe KingdomProtista.
Protist
Proton
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A subatomic particle having apositive charge and which is
found in the nucleus of an atom.
Proton
Pulley
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A type of simple machine; circular
lever used to change thedirection of a force.
Pulley
P tt S
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A graphic check board used todetermine results from a particular
genetic cross.
Punnett Square
XX= Girl
Xy= Boy
Radiation
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Emission of energy in the form of
rays or waves.
Radiation
Reactant
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Any substance or molecule thatparticipates in a chemical reaction.
Reactant
Recessive
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An allele for a trait that will be maskedunless the organism is homozygous for
this trait.
Recessive
Reflection
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The bouncing off of light, sound,
or heat from a surface.
Reflection
Refraction
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A change in the direction of a
wave that occurs as it passesfrom one medium to another ofdifferent density.
Refraction
Renewable Resource
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A material or substance that is replaced orrestored, as it is used, by natural processes
in a reasonable amount of time.
Renewable Resource
RNA
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A single-stranded nuclei acid thatencodes information needed to
synthesize proteins.
RNA
Scientific Method
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A plan of inquiry
that uses scienceprocess skills astools togather, organize,
analyze, andcommunicateinformation.
Second Law ofTh d i
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States all natural processes proceed towards disorder.
Thermodynamics
Sedimentary Rock
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Formed from layers of sediment that overlayand squeeze together or are chemicallycombined.
Sedimentary Rock
Sexual Reproduction
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Involves the union of gametesproducing an offspring with traits from
both parents.
Sexual Reproduction
Solar System
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A star and all planets and otherbodies that orbit it; the region inspace where these bodies move.
Solar System
Solid
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Having a definite shape and a definite volume; one ofthe fundamental states of matter.
Solid
Solubility
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The ability ortendency of onesubstance todissolve inanother at a giventemperature andpressure.
y
Solution
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A mixture of two or more substancesuniformly dispersed throughout a
single phase.
Solution
Species
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A group of organisms
that are able toreproduce amongthemselves and
produce fertileoffspring.
Species
Speed
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Amount of distance traveled divided bytime taken; the time rate at which any
physical process takes place.
p
S
Spring Tide
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Increased range of the rise and fall ofsea level that occurs twice monthly atwhen the Earth, moon and sun arealigned.
Spring Tide
Star
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A large, self-luminous body heldtogether by gravity and powered bythermonuclear reactions.
Star
Stimulus
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A condition that produces a response.
Succession
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The progressive replacement, on asingle site, of one type of
community by another.
Succession
Lichen
Thermal Energy
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Thermal Energy
Is the kinetic energy of themovement of atoms and
molecules creating heat.
Topography
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The surface, shape, andcomposition of a land area.
Tropism
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The motion of an organism or part of anorganism toward or away from anexternal stimulus.
* phototropism
Tropism
Trough
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the lowest point on a wave.
Trough
Variable
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An event, condition, or factor that canbe changed or controlled in order to
study or test a hypothesis in ascientific experiment* only one
Velocity
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The time rate at which a bodychanges its position vector;
quantity whose magnitude isexpressed in units of distanceover time.
V
Water Cycle
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The path it takes as it is being cycled throughthe environment, including condensation,
evaporation, and precipitation.
Wave Length
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The distance between crests of a wave.
____ ? ___
Weathering
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The naturalprocesses thatbreak down andchange rock into
soil, sand, andother materials.
g
Set: FCAT Science Grade 11 Vocab
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Familiarize (practice the words)
L earn
Test (the test can be altered)
L earn, the most powerful study mode, requiresfree Quizlet
Play SCATTER - http://quizlet.com/scatter/167815/
http://quizlet.com/set/167815/
FCAT Science Vocabulary Baseball Rules Directions: 1. Divide the class into 2 equal teams. 2 Make a baseball diamond on the board along with an area to indicate outs and
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2. Make a baseball diamond on the board along with an area to indicate outs and runs scored. Also, a laminated baseball field can be ordered from the Teachers Discovery Science Catalog. 3. The teacher will ask one student at a time if they want a single, double, triple or home run. That student is up to bat. 4. A single means that the student will be able to define one vocabulary word correctly, a double would be two in a row, a triple, 3 in a row, and a home run would be four in a row. 5. If a student answers incorrectly, it will count as one out and then go on to the next student. If a student has decided to go for a double, triple, or home run, if at any time they answer a question incorrectly, they are out. 6. No one can help a student who is up to bat. If another student calls out an answer, it is an out for their team and that student is then given a book assignment and is out of the game. 7. If a student successfully answers the question/questions asked, mark a runner on the appropriate base. 8. The real rules of baseball are used to move runners and score runs. 9. Once a team has accumulated 3 outs, it is now the other teams turn. 10. Be sure that each team has been given the same number of times up to bat. 11. The team that has scored the most runs at the end of the game is the winner. 12. This game is best played the last 30 minutes of class. 13. If a student successfully completes a home run, I give that person an extra credit point and a jolly rancher candy.
14 The team that wins I give each team member a jolly rancher candy and/or an extra