FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81)...

FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600)Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81)

Decline of Portuguese Emp. B y 1600 Dutch take over Far East trade (FC.93)

Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia

Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources

Overpack ships with spices to make more $

Hire half-trained Native crews to replace lost

Eur. sailors

Cut corners by not maintaining

their ships

Expensive wars & hostility of Muslim

Mughal Emp. in India

Portugal expels Jews No MC to handle $ Spices

go to Antwerp

Costly & hard to maintain Asian forts & fleet from

Europe

Huge drain on Portugal’s ltd. popul. &

resources

Reach China (1513) & act as middlemen trading Spanish-Amer. Silver for Chinese silk

Seize Goa as their main base in India

Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf

Fail to seize Aden & cut off Red Sea

Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands

Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade:

Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade

Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods

Drastic cost-cutting measures:

Portugal controls much of Asian spice & silk trade, but at huge cost:

Costly shipwrecks


1494-Treaty of Tordesillas Line of Demarcation Spain explores W. & Portugal explores E

The line of Demarcation drawn by the pope for the Treaty of Tordesillas. Anything west of that line belonged to Spain to claim. Anything east of it was Portugal’s. The question was: where does it come out on the other side? To know that required knowing how large the earth really was (and still is).

Problems facing Port. in India?



Hostile Arabs control mkts





-Cabral's exped (1500) Disc. Brazil & hammock -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic

Portuguese solution?

Amazingly, just when things again looked hopeless for the Portuguese, Godzilla showed up and helped them sink the Arab fleet in return for an entire shipload of hawkbells that they ate for the zinc.

Lots of fish to eat

FC.59B AN ALTERNATE HISTORY OF JAPAN (4200 BCE-PRESENT) Lots of zinc Mild climate

Lots of volcanoes

Silvery coats for monsters

Get more datesDig up more zinc

Monster population rises

Competition w/stupid

humanoids

Good for hatching monster eggs






Geogr. Problem for Portuguese?







Portugal’s manpower & resources?








Name of Portuguese leader & what strategy did he follow?





How many ships did he do it with?







Main base in India?











Ormuz

1494-Treaty of Tordesillas Line of Demarcation Spain explores W. & Portugal explores E-Cabral's exped (1500) Disc. Brazil & hammock -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic

Alfonse de Albuquerque1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr. Controlled horse trade - Bad winds 1/2 yr

Goa

Persian Gulf

Did he successfully cut off Persian Gulf?











OrmuzAden


Alfonse de Albuquerque1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr. Controlled horse trade - Bad winds 1/2 yr

Ormuz


Although he took Ormuz in 1506, Albuquerque was forced to abandon it. He returned in 1515 with 27 ships and an army. After taking it a second time, he built the Fort of Our Lady of the Conception. The Portuguese held Ormuz until 1622 when combined Anglo-Persian force took it to open trade between England and Persia.












Alfonse de Albuquerque1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr. Controlled horse trade - Bad winds 1/2 yr -Took Ormuz w/6 ships

Ormuz

Did he successfully cut off Red Sea?

Aden

Socotra












Alfonse de Albuquerque1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr. Controlled horse trade - Bad winds 1/2 yr -Took Ormuz w/6 ships

Aden

Straits of Molucca

Molucca Straits & Spice Islands?












Alfonse de Albuquerque1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr. Controlled horse trade - Bad winds 1/2 yr -Took Ormuz w/6 ships1511- Took forces out of Goa to get Malacca Straits Moluccas (1513) Control Spice Trade -Blackmail & escorts














-3 way trade b/w Sp. In Phil’s w/Am. silver, China (silk & porcelain), & Portug. middlemen w/spices

Trade with China?

Map showing extent of the Portuguese Emp. in 1500s

Portuguese routes

Spanish routes

1.Portuguese sail to Spice Islands & trade Eur. goods for spices

1. Sp. take silver from Peru to Panama

Portuguese routes

Spanish routes

2. Sp. Take 1/2 silver across Pacific to Philippines

2. Portuguese sail to

Philippines


3. Sp. Trade Am. Silver to Port. For

Chin. Goods in Philippines

Portuguese routes

Spanish routes

Portuguese routes

Spanish routes

4. Portuguese sail to China & trade Sp-Am silver for Chinese goods

4.Sp. take spices back across Pacific in grueling 4-7 month voyage


Portuguese routes

Spanish routes

5.Portuguese sail to Spice Islands & trade

Sp-Am silver & Chinese goods for

spices5. Portage spices & 1./2 silver across Panama

6. Sp. take spices & 1/2 silver across Atl. to Sp.

6. Portuguese take spices back to Europe

for sale

Portuguese routes

Spanish routes

3. Sp. Trade Am. Silver to Port. For Chin. Goods in Philippines

5.Portuguese trade Sp-Am silver & Chinese goods for spices in Spice Islands

6. . take spices & 1/2 silver across Atl. to Sp.

5. Portage spices & 1./2 silver across Panama

6. Portuguese take spices back to Europe for sale

4. Portuguese trade Sp-Am silver for Chinese goods


1. Sp. take silver from Peru to Panama 1.Portuguese trade

Eur. goods for spices in Spice Islands


2. Portuguese sail to Philippines


2














-3 way trade b/w Sp. In Phil’s w/Am. silver, China (silk & porcelain), & Portug. middlemen w/spices

How long did it take the Spanish to cross the Pacific & how long to return?














-3 way trade b/w Sp. In Phil’s w/Am. silver, China (silk & porcelain), & Portug. middlemen w/spices -Acapulco to Manila: - 8-10 wks; - 4-7 months back -Late 1500s, 1/2 Amer silver went across Pac.










go to Antwerp


Europe


















go to Antwerp


Europe










Forts & ships?




Relations with the locals?

One thing that made matters harder for the Portuguese was their intolerance for other religions. Acts such as the destruction of an ancient Buddhist temple in Sri Lanka (AKA Ceylon) in 1507 depicted below unnecessarily made them more enemies than they needed.










go to Antwerp


Europe










Ability to handle money?







go to Antwerp


Europe










Forts & ships?




The Portuguese fort at Vasai, about 50 km north of modern Mumbai. After several damaging raids, the Portuguese overran the original fort and town, a thriving trade center, in 1534. Later in the century they rebuilt it in the best tradition of European forts of the day, giving it 10 bastions. This fort, renamed Baçaim, was especially expensive, since it encompassed the entire town.







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Europe













Portugal’s ability to handle this?







go to Antwerp


Europe


resources

















Eur. sailors


their ships




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Europe


resources











How did they deal w/ship maintenance?











Eur. sailors


their ships




go to Antwerp


Europe


resources











How did they deal w/lost crewmen?







To make up for low number of

ships?


Eur. sailors


their ships




go to Antwerp


Europe


resources
















Eur. sailors


their ships




go to Antwerp


Europe


resources















Decline of Portuguese Emp. by 1600 Who takes over?





Eur. sailors


their ships




go to Antwerp


Europe


resources











Costly shipwrecksDecline of Portuguese Emp. B y 1600 Who takes over?










Eur. sailors


their ships




go to Antwerp


Europe


resources











Costly shipwrecks




FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81)...

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