FC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.)

Little expansion except conquest of Britain & Dacia Pax Romana:

200 years of nearly unbroken peace & prosperity throughout the

Mediterranean, with trade extending to China & India (FC. 33)

Bureaucr. reforms

Honest, efficient, & stable government in

the provinces

Regularly paid & trained officials

Equites trained for mid-level

jobs

Civil wars & turmoil of the late republic (FC. 31)

Romans’ traditional & conservative nature (FC.

26)

Octavian must create a strong one-man rule while making it look like good old days of the Republic

Efficient, loyal & honest provincial gov’s

Works to get more reliable provincial governors through:

Procurators, Augustus’ agents who watch gov’s

Using old Rep’s offices to train them

Regular pay No need for corruption

Still need reliable army, governors, & bureaucrats for provinces (FC. 30)

Augustan Principate where Octavian (aka Augustus) kept only harmless sounding republican powers that still gave him control of armies &making laws:

Proconsul’s powers to control milit. prov’s and army while leaving non-milit. provs to the Senate

Rome faces few outside threats for

200 yrs.

Medit’s central

position fast comm’s

Succession ensured by giving chosen successor tribunician & proconsular powers before Augustus died

Tribune’s powers to propose & veto laws while posing as the champion of the common people

Military reforms

Cheap, but highly trained & loyal army guarding frontiers

Aug. gave army its

pay & pensions

Reduced army from

60 to 28 legions

FC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.) a

FC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.) a

Civil wars & turmoil of the late republic (FC. 31)

FC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.) a

Civil wars & turmoil of the late republic (FC. 31)

Romans’ traditional & conservative nature (FC.

26)

FC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.) a

Civil wars & turmoil of the late republic (FC. 31)

Romans’ traditional & conservative nature (FC.

26)

Octavian must create a strong one-man rule while making it……?

FC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.) a

Civil wars & turmoil of the late republic (FC. 31)

Romans’ traditional & conservative nature (FC.

26)

Octavian must create a strong one-man rule while making it look like good old days of the Republic

What’s in a Name?

•Augustus

What’s in a Name?

•Augustus—implies devotion to Gods

What’s in a Name?

•Augustus—implies devotion to Gods•Princeps

What’s in a Name?

•Augustus—implies devotion to Gods•Princeps—“First Citizen” (Principate)

What’s in a Name?

•Augustus—implies devotion to Gods•Princeps—“First Citizen” (Principate)•Pater Patriae—

What’s in a Name?

•Augustus—implies devotion to Gods•Princeps—“First Citizen” (Principate)•Pater Patriae—“father of the country”

What’s in a Name?

•Augustus—implies devotion to Gods•Princeps—“First Citizen” (Principate)•Pater Patriae—“father of the country”•Imperator

What’s in a Name?

•Augustus—implies devotion to Gods•Princeps—“First Citizen” (Principate)•Pater Patriae—“father of the country”•Imperator—acclamation for victorious general

“Restoring the Republic”

•Propaganda• Poets

“Restoring the Republic”

•Propaganda• Poets• Public Art

In 13 BCE Augustus dedicated the Ara Pacis (Altar of Peace) to his own pietas and the Pax Romana he had established. Its relief sculptures were done in the style of Periclean Athens in the fifth century BCE, an era which Augustus and his age unquestionably emulated. In the center is Augustus, his head covered to indicate his role of pontifex maximus (high priest) and his special relationship with the gods.

“Restoring the Republic”

•Propaganda• Poets• Public Art• Coins

“Restoring the Republic”

•Propaganda• Poets• Public Art• Coins• “Res Gestae”

“Restoring the Republic”

•Propaganda• Poets• Public Art• Coins• “Res Gestae”

•DGP Source 6, Augustus

In my sixth and seventh consulships, after I had put an end to the civil wars, having attained supreme power by universal consent, I transferred the state from my own power to the control of the Roman senate and the people. For this service of mine I received the title of Augustus by decree of the senate...and a golden shield was set up in the Julian senate house, which, as the inscription on this shield testifies, the Roman senate and people gave me in recognition of my valor, clemency, justice, and devotion. After that time I excelled all in authority, but I possessed no more power than the others who were my colleagues in each magistracy (Res Gestae, 34).

“Restoring the Republic”

•Propaganda• Poets• Public Art• Coins• “Res Gestae”

•DGP Source 6, Augustus•DGP Source 7, Cassius Dio

• Why is it necessary for Emperors like Augustus to not present themselves as a king?

• How do emperors use the title imperator?• What powers do the emperors have? (underline)• What does “clothed themselves with all the powers

of government” mean?• In summary, how would Cassius Dio respond to

what Augustus said in Source 6?

FC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.) aFC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.)Civil wars & turmoil of the

late republic (FC. 31)

Romans’ traditional & conservative nature (FC.

26)

Octavian must create a strong one-man rule while making it look like good old days of the Republic

Augustan Principate where Octavian (aka Augustus) kept only harmless sounding republican powers that still gave him control of armies &making laws:

Proconsul’s powers to control milit. prov’s & army while leaving non-milit. provs to the Senate

Succession?

Tribune’s powers to propose & veto laws while posing as the champion of the common people

FC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.) aFC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.)Civil wars & turmoil of the

late republic (FC. 31)

Romans’ traditional & conservative nature (FC.

26)

Octavian must create a strong one-man rule while making it look like good old days of the Republic

Augustan Principate where Octavian (aka Augustus) kept only harmless sounding republican powers that still gave him control of armies &making laws:

Proconsul’s powers to control milit. prov’s & army while leaving non-milit. provs to the Senate

Succession?

Tribune’s powers to propose & veto laws while posing as the champion of the common people

aFC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.)Civil wars & turmoil of the

late republic (FC. 31)

Romans’ traditional & conservative nature (FC.

26)

Octavian must create a strong one-man rule while making it look like good old days of the Republic

Succession ensured by giving chosen successor tribunician & proconsular powers before Augustus died

Augustan Principate where Octavian (aka Augustus) kept only harmless sounding republican powers that still gave him control of armies &making laws:

Proconsul’s powers to control milit. prov’s & army while leaving non-milit. provs to the Senate

Tribune’s powers to propose & veto laws while posing as the champion of the common people

aFC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.)Civil wars & turmoil of the

late republic (FC. 31)

Romans’ traditional & conservative nature (FC.

26)

Octavian must create a strong one-man rule while making it look like good old days of the Republic

3 main problems with governors during the late Republic?

Succession ensured by giving chosen successor tribunician & proconsular powers before Augustus died

Augustan Principate where Octavian (aka Augustus) kept only harmless sounding republican powers that still gave him control of armies &making laws:

Proconsul’s powers to control milit. prov’s & army while leaving non-milit. provs to the Senate

Tribune’s powers to propose & veto laws while posing as the champion of the common people

aFC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.)Civil wars & turmoil of the

late republic (FC. 31)

Romans’ traditional & conservative nature (FC.

26)

Octavian must create a strong one-man rule while making it look like good old days of the Republic

Efficient, loyal & honest provincial gov’s

Works to get more reliable provincial governors through:

Unsupervised? InexperiencedUnpaid?

Still need reliable army, governors, & bureaucrats for provinces (FC. 30)

Succession ensured by giving chosen successor tribunician & proconsular powers before Augustus died

Augustan Principate where Octavian (aka Augustus) kept only harmless sounding republican powers that still gave him control of armies &making laws:

Proconsul’s powers to control milit. prov’s & army while leaving non-milit. provs to the Senate

Tribune’s powers to propose & veto laws while posing as the champion of the common people

Supervision?

aFC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.)Civil wars & turmoil of the

late republic (FC. 31)

Romans’ traditional & conservative nature (FC.

26)

Octavian must create a strong one-man rule while making it look like good old days of the Republic

Efficient, loyal & honest provincial gov’s

Works to get more reliable provincial governors through:

Supervision? Experience?Regular pay

No need for corruption

Still need reliable army, governors, & bureaucrats for provinces (FC. 30)

Succession ensured by giving chosen successor tribunician & proconsular powers before Augustus died

Augustan Principate where Octavian (aka Augustus) kept only harmless sounding republican powers that still gave him control of armies &making laws:

Proconsul’s powers to control milit. prov’s & army while leaving non-milit. provs to the Senate

Tribune’s powers to propose & veto laws while posing as the champion of the common people

aFC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.)Civil wars & turmoil of the

late republic (FC. 31)

Romans’ traditional & conservative nature (FC.

26)

Octavian must create a strong one-man rule while making it look like good old days of the Republic

Efficient, loyal & honest provincial gov’s

Works to get more reliable provincial governors through:

Procurators, Augustus’ agents who watch gov’s

Experience?Regular pay

No need for corruption

Still need reliable army, governors, & bureaucrats for provinces (FC. 30)

Succession ensured by giving chosen successor tribunician & proconsular powers before Augustus died

Augustan Principate where Octavian (aka Augustus) kept only harmless sounding republican powers that still gave him control of armies &making laws:

Proconsul’s powers to control milit. prov’s & army while leaving non-milit. provs to the Senate

Tribune’s powers to propose & veto laws while posing as the champion of the common people

aFC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.)Civil wars & turmoil of the

late republic (FC. 31)

Romans’ traditional & conservative nature (FC.

26)

Octavian must create a strong one-man rule while making it look like good old days of the Republic

Efficient, loyal & honest provincial gov’s

Works to get more reliable provincial governors through:

Procurators, Augustus’ agents who watch gov’s

Using old Rep’s offices to train them

Regular pay No need for corruption

Still need reliable army, governors, & bureaucrats for provinces (FC. 30)

Succession ensured by giving chosen successor tribunician & proconsular powers before Augustus died

Augustan Principate where Octavian (aka Augustus) kept only harmless sounding republican powers that still gave him control of armies &making laws:

Proconsul’s powers to control milit. prov’s & army while leaving non-milit. provs to the Senate

Tribune’s powers to propose & veto laws while posing as the champion of the common people

aFC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.)

Bureaucr. Reforms?Regularly

paid & trained officials

Equites trained for mid-level

jobs

Civil wars & turmoil of the late republic (FC. 31)

Romans’ traditional & conservative nature (FC.

26)

Octavian must create a strong one-man rule while making it look like good old days of the Republic

Efficient, loyal & honest provincial gov’s

Works to get more reliable provincial governors through:

Still need reliable army, governors, & bureaucrats for provinces (FC. 30)

Succession ensured by giving chosen successor tribunician & proconsular powers before Augustus died

Augustan Principate where Octavian (aka Augustus) kept only harmless sounding republican powers that still gave him control of armies &making laws:

Proconsul’s powers to control milit. prov’s & army while leaving non-milit. provs to the Senate

Tribune’s powers to propose & veto laws while posing as the champion of the common people

Procurators, Augustus’ agents who watch gov’s

Using old Rep’s offices to train them

Regular pay No need for corruption

aFC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.)

Bureaucr. reforms

Regularly paid & trained officials

Equites trained for mid-level

jobs

Civil wars & turmoil of the late republic (FC. 31)

Romans’ traditional & conservative nature (FC.

26)

Octavian must create a strong one-man rule while making it look like good old days of the Republic

Efficient, loyal & honest provincial gov’s

Works to get more reliable provincial governors through:

Still need reliable army, governors, & bureaucrats for provinces (FC. 30)

Succession ensured by giving chosen successor tribunician & proconsular powers before Augustus died

Augustan Principate where Octavian (aka Augustus) kept only harmless sounding republican powers that still gave him control of armies &making laws:

Proconsul’s powers to control milit. prov’s & army while leaving non-milit. provs to the Senate

Tribune’s powers to propose & veto laws while posing as the champion of the common people

Procurators, Augustus’ agents who watch gov’s

Using old Rep’s offices to train them

Regular pay No need for corruption

aFC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.)

Bureaucr. reforms

Regularly paid & trained officials

Equites trained for mid-level

jobs

Civil wars & turmoil of the late republic (FC. 31)

Romans’ traditional & conservative nature (FC.

26)

Octavian must create a strong one-man rule while making it look like good old days of the Republic

Efficient, loyal & honest provincial gov’s

Works to get more reliable provincial governors through:

Still need reliable army, governors, & bureaucrats for provinces (FC. 30)

Succession ensured by giving chosen successor tribunician & proconsular powers before Augustus died

Augustan Principate where Octavian (aka Augustus) kept only harmless sounding republican powers that still gave him control of armies &making laws:

Proconsul’s powers to control milit. prov’s & army while leaving non-milit. provs to the Senate

Tribune’s powers to propose & veto laws while posing as the champion of the common people

Procurators, Augustus’ agents who watch gov’s

Using old Rep’s offices to train them

Regular pay No need for corruption

FC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.)

Bureaucr. reforms

Honest, efficient, & stable government in

the provinces

Regularly paid & trained officials

Equites trained for mid-level

jobs

Civil wars & turmoil of the late republic (FC. 31)

Romans’ traditional & conservative nature (FC.

26)

Octavian must create a strong one-man rule while making it look like good old days of the Republic

Efficient, loyal & honest provincial gov’s

Works to get more reliable provincial governors through:

Procurators, Augustus’ agents who watch gov’s

Using old Rep’s offices to train them

Regular pay No need for corruption

Still need reliable army, governors, & bureaucrats for provinces (FC. 30)

Succession ensured by giving chosen successor tribunician & proconsular powers before Augustus died

a

Augustan Principate where Octavian (aka Augustus) kept only harmless sounding republican powers that still gave him control of armies &making laws:

Proconsul’s powers to control milit. prov’s & army while leaving non-milit. provs to the Senate

Tribune’s powers to propose & veto laws while posing as the champion of the common people

aFC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.)

Bureaucr. reforms

Honest, efficient, & stable government in

the provinces

Regularly paid & trained officials

Equites trained for mid-level

jobs

Civil wars & turmoil of the late republic (FC. 31)

Romans’ traditional & conservative nature (FC.

26)

Octavian must create a strong one-man rule while making it look like good old days of the Republic

Efficient, loyal & honest provincial gov’s

Works to get more reliable provincial governors through:

Procurators, Augustus’ agents who watch gov’s

Using old Rep’s offices to train them

Regular pay No need for corruption

Still need reliable army, governors, & bureaucrats for provinces (FC. 30)

Succession ensured by giving chosen successor tribunician & proconsular powers before Augustus died

Military reforms

Cheap, but highly trained & loyal army guarding frontiers

Aug. gave army its

pay & pensions

How did Aug. keep

cost down?

Augustan Principate where Octavian (aka Augustus) kept only harmless sounding republican powers that still gave him control of armies &making laws:

Proconsul’s powers to control milit. prov’s & army while leaving non-milit. provs to the Senate

Tribune’s powers to propose & veto laws while posing as the champion of the common people

aFC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.)

Bureaucr. reforms

Honest, efficient, & stable government in

the provinces

Regularly paid & trained officials

Equites trained for mid-level

jobs

Civil wars & turmoil of the late republic (FC. 31)

Romans’ traditional & conservative nature (FC.

26)

Octavian must create a strong one-man rule while making it look like good old days of the Republic

Efficient, loyal & honest provincial gov’s

Works to get more reliable provincial governors through:

Procurators, Augustus’ agents who watch gov’s

Using old Rep’s offices to train them

Regular pay No need for corruption

Still need reliable army, governors, & bureaucrats for provinces (FC. 30)

Succession ensured by giving chosen successor tribunician & proconsular powers before Augustus died

Military reforms

Cheap, but highly trained & loyal army guarding frontiers

Aug. gave army its

pay & pensions

Reduced army from

60 to 28 legions

Augustan Principate where Octavian (aka Augustus) kept only harmless sounding republican powers that still gave him control of armies &making laws:

Proconsul’s powers to control milit. prov’s & army while leaving non-milit. provs to the Senate

Tribune’s powers to propose & veto laws while posing as the champion of the common people

aFC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.)

Bureaucr. reforms

Honest, efficient, & stable government in

the provinces

Regularly paid & trained officials

Equites trained for mid-level

jobs

Civil wars & turmoil of the late republic (FC. 31)

Romans’ traditional & conservative nature (FC.

26)

Octavian must create a strong one-man rule while making it look like good old days of the Republic

Efficient, loyal & honest provincial gov’s

Works to get more reliable provincial governors through:

Procurators, Augustus’ agents who watch gov’s

Using old Rep’s offices to train them

Regular pay No need for corruption

Still need reliable army, governors, & bureaucrats for provinces (FC. 30)

Succession ensured by giving chosen successor tribunician & proconsular powers before Augustus died

Military reforms

Cheap, but highly trained & loyal army guarding frontiers

Aug. gave army its

pay & pensions

Reduced army from

60 to 28 legions

Augustan Principate where Octavian (aka Augustus) kept only harmless sounding republican powers that still gave him control of armies &making laws:

Proconsul’s powers to control milit. prov’s & army while leaving non-milit. provs to the Senate

Tribune’s powers to propose & veto laws while posing as the champion of the common people

aFC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.)

Bureaucr. reforms

Honest, efficient, & stable government in

the provinces

Regularly paid & trained officials

Equites trained for mid-level

jobs

Civil wars & turmoil of the late republic (FC. 31)

Romans’ traditional & conservative nature (FC.

26)

Octavian must create a strong one-man rule while making it look like good old days of the Republic

Efficient, loyal & honest provincial gov’s

Works to get more reliable provincial governors through:

Procurators, Augustus’ agents who watch gov’s

Using old Rep’s offices to train them

Regular pay No need for corruption

Still need reliable army, governors, & bureaucrats for provinces (FC. 30)

How threatened was Rome by outside

powers?

Succession ensured by giving chosen successor tribunician & proconsular powers before Augustus died

Military reforms

Cheap, but highly trained & loyal army guarding frontiers

Aug. gave army its

pay & pensions

Reduced army from

60 to 28 legions

Augustan Principate where Octavian (aka Augustus) kept only harmless sounding republican powers that still gave him control of armies &making laws:

Proconsul’s powers to control milit. prov’s & army while leaving non-milit. provs to the Senate

Tribune’s powers to propose & veto laws while posing as the champion of the common people

aFC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.)

Bureaucr. reforms

Honest, efficient, & stable government in

the provinces

Regularly paid & trained officials

Equites trained for mid-level

jobs

Civil wars & turmoil of the late republic (FC. 31)

Romans’ traditional & conservative nature (FC.

26)

Octavian must create a strong one-man rule while making it look like good old days of the Republic

Efficient, loyal & honest provincial gov’s

Works to get more reliable provincial governors through:

Procurators, Augustus’ agents who watch gov’s

Using old Rep’s offices to train them

Regular pay No need for corruption

Still need reliable army, governors, & bureaucrats for provinces (FC. 30)

Rome faces few outside threats for

200 yrs.

Geographic Factor favoring Rome?

Succession ensured by giving chosen successor tribunician & proconsular powers before Augustus died

Military reforms

Cheap, but highly trained & loyal army guarding frontiers

Aug. gave army its

pay & pensions

Reduced army from

60 to 28 legions

Augustan Principate where Octavian (aka Augustus) kept only harmless sounding republican powers that still gave him control of armies &making laws:

Proconsul’s powers to control milit. prov’s & army while leaving non-milit. provs to the Senate

Tribune’s powers to propose & veto laws while posing as the champion of the common people

aFC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.)

Bureaucr. reforms

Honest, efficient, & stable government in

the provinces

Regularly paid & trained officials

Equites trained for mid-level

jobs

Civil wars & turmoil of the late republic (FC. 31)

Romans’ traditional & conservative nature (FC.

26)

Octavian must create a strong one-man rule while making it look like good old days of the Republic

Efficient, loyal & honest provincial gov’s

Works to get more reliable provincial governors through:

Procurators, Augustus’ agents who watch gov’s

Using old Rep’s offices to train them

Regular pay No need for corruption

Still need reliable army, governors, & bureaucrats for provinces (FC. 30)

Rome faces few outside threats for

200 yrs.

Medit’s central

position fast comm’s

Succession ensured by giving chosen successor tribunician & proconsular powers before Augustus died

Military reforms

Cheap, but highly trained & loyal army guarding frontiers

Aug. gave army its

pay & pensions

Reduced army from

60 to 28 legions

Augustan Principate where Octavian (aka Augustus) kept only harmless sounding republican powers that still gave him control of armies &making laws:

Proconsul’s powers to control milit. prov’s & army while leaving non-milit. provs to the Senate

Tribune’s powers to propose & veto laws while posing as the champion of the common people

aFC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.)

What was this period referred to & why?

Bureaucr. reforms

Honest, efficient, & stable government in

the provinces

Regularly paid & trained officials

Equites trained for mid-level

jobs

Civil wars & turmoil of the late republic (FC. 31)

Romans’ traditional & conservative nature (FC.

26)

Octavian must create a strong one-man rule while making it look like good old days of the Republic

Efficient, loyal & honest provincial gov’s

Works to get more reliable provincial governors through:

Procurators, Augustus’ agents who watch gov’s

Using old Rep’s offices to train them

Regular pay No need for corruption

Still need reliable army, governors, & bureaucrats for provinces (FC. 30)

Rome faces few outside threats for

200 yrs.

Medit’s central

position fast comm’s

Succession ensured by giving chosen successor tribunician & proconsular powers before Augustus died

Military reforms

Cheap, but highly trained & loyal army guarding frontiers

Aug. gave army its

pay & pensions

Reduced army from

60 to 28 legions

Augustan Principate where Octavian (aka Augustus) kept only harmless sounding republican powers that still gave him control of armies &making laws:

Proconsul’s powers to control milit. prov’s & army while leaving non-milit. provs to the Senate

Tribune’s powers to propose & veto laws while posing as the champion of the common people

FC.32 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE & PAX ROMANA (31 B.C.E.-180 C.E.)

Little expansion except conquest of Britain & Dacia Pax Romana:

200 years of nearly unbroken peace & prosperity throughout the

Mediterranean, with trade extending to China & India (FC. 33)

Bureaucr. reforms

Honest, efficient, & stable government in

the provinces

Regularly paid & trained officials

Equites trained for mid-level

jobs

Civil wars & turmoil of the late republic (FC. 31)

Romans’ traditional & conservative nature (FC.

26)

Octavian must create a strong one-man rule while making it look like good old days of the Republic

Efficient, loyal & honest provincial gov’s

Works to get more reliable provincial governors through:

Procurators, Augustus’ agents who watch gov’s

Using old Rep’s offices to train them

Regular pay No need for corruption

Still need reliable army, governors, & bureaucrats for provinces (FC. 30)

Rome faces few outside threats for

200 yrs.

Medit’s central

position fast comm’s

Succession ensured by giving chosen successor tribunician & proconsular powers before Augustus died

Military reforms

Cheap, but highly trained & loyal army guarding frontiers

Aug. gave army its

pay & pensions

Reduced army from

60 to 28 legions

a

Augustan Principate where Octavian (aka Augustus) kept only harmless sounding republican powers that still gave him control of armies &making laws:

Proconsul’s powers to control milit. prov’s & army while leaving non-milit. provs to the Senate

Tribune’s powers to propose & veto laws while posing as the champion of the common people