FAVELAS OF BRAZIL
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Transcript of FAVELAS OF BRAZIL
FAVELAS OF BRAZIL
RIO DE JANEIRO• MEANS RIVER OF JANUARY
(PORTUGUESE)• CAPTIAL OF STATE OF RIO DE
JANEIRO• 2ND LARGEST CITY IN BRAZIL (SAO
PAULO- 1ST)• 3RD LARGEST METORPOLITAN AREA
IN SOUTH AMERICA• 6TH LARGEST IN THE AMERICAS• 26TH IN THE WORLD
RIO DE JANEIRO• CAPITAL OF BRAZIL FROM 1763-
1815 (PORTUGUESE COLONISM)• 1815-1821 UK OF PORTUGAL,
BRAZIL & ALGARVES• 1822-1960 INDEPENDENT COUNTRY
RIO DE JANEIRO• NICKNAME “CIDADE
MARAVIHOSA” MARVELOUS CITY
• 2ND LARGEST GDP IN BRAZIL
• 30TH IN THE WORLD
RIO DE JANEIRO• HEADQUARTERS OF TWO
MAJOR COUNTRIES (VALE – nickel producers, PETROBRAS - oil)
RIO DE JANEIRO• OIL, TELEPHONE, MEDIA
AND COMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES
• LOCATION OF MANY UNIVERSITIS AND INSTITUTES
• 2ND LARGEST CENTRE OF R&D IN BRAZIL
RIO DE JANEIRO• ATTRACTS THE MOST
TOURISTS IN S. HEMISPHERE
• ATTRACTIONS – NATURAL, CARNIVALS, SAMBA, BOSS NONVA, BEACHES (BARRA DA TIJUCA, COPACABANA, IPANEMA, LEBLON
RIO DE JANEIRO• CHRIST THE REDEEMER STATUTE,
SUGAR LOAF MOUNTAIN (CORCOVADO)
RIO DE JANEIRO• MARACANA STADIUM (ONE FO
WORLD’S LARGEST FOOTBALL STADIUMS (2014 HOST OF FIFA WORLD CUP)
RIO DE JANEIRO• SITE OF 2016 SUMMER OLYMPICS• Olympics
GEOGRAPHY (SITE)• ON ATLANTIC OCEAN NEAR
TROPIC OF CANCER• LOCATED ON INLET OF COAST OF
GUANABARA BAY • ENTRACE MARKED BY SUGAR
LOAF MOUNTAIN
GEOGRAPHY (SITE)
GEOGRAPHY (SITE)• CORE OF CITY PLAINS OF
WESTERN SHORE OF GUANABARA BAY
• HILLS AND ROCKY MOUNTAINS WITHIN CITY
• AREA - 1,182.3 KM2
GEOGRAPHY (SITE)• TROPICAL SAVANNA CLIMATE • DECEMBER TO MARCH RAINY
PERIOD• TEMPS. DURING SUMMER 40°C
(104°F) • AVERAGE MONTHLY TEMPS.
ABOVE 28°C (82°F)
GEOGRAPHY (HUMAN)• JANUARY 1ST, 1502 FIRST
EUROPEAN CONTACT • PORTUGUESE EXPLORER
GASPAR DE LEMOS• RIO FOUNDED BY
PORTUGUESE ON MARCH 1ST, 1565 AND NAME SAO SEBASTIAO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
GEOGRAPHY (HUMAN)• 17TH CENTURY RIO – PORT FOR
EXPORTING GOLD AND SUGAR• 1819 145,000 AFRICAN SLAVES
IN RIO• BY 1840 # OF SLAVES
INCREASED TO 220,000
GEOGRAPHY (HUMAN)• POP. OF RIO 6.1 MILLION• METRO AREA 11.5 MILLION• POP. DENSITY 6180 PEOPLE/KM²• WHITE (53.43%)• MULTIRACIAL (35.08%)• BLACK (11.6%)• ASIA (0.18%)• AMERINDIAN (0.14%)
GEOGRAPHY (HUMAN)• RIO HOME TO LARGEST
PORTUGUESE POPULATION OUTSIDE OF LISBON, PORTUGAL
• AFTER BRAZIL’S INDEPENDENCE THOUSANDS OF IMMIGRANTS FROM PORTUGAL DURING 20TH CENTURY
GEOGRAPHY (HUMAN)• BLACK COMMUNITY FORMED
FROM SLAVE TRADE (ANGOLA AND MOZAMBIQUE)
• HUGE DISPARITIES B/T RICH AND POOR
FAVELAS• FIRST FAVELAS WERE ORIGINALLY
QUILOMBOS INDEPENDENT SETTLEMENTS OF AFRICAN SLAVES THAT ESCAPED THEIR OWNERS
• LOCATED ALONG THE HILLY TERRAIN OF THE AREA SURROUNDIG RIO
• AS SLAVES WERE LIBERATED IN 1888 THEY WERE ATTRACTED TO THESE SETTLEMENTS AS THERE WAS NO WHERE ELSE FOR THEM TO LIVE
FAVELAS
FAVELAS• TERM USED FOR SHANTY TOWN IN
BRAZIL• 18TH CENTURY 1ST SETTLEMENTS
APPEAR CLOSE TO THE CITY• CALLED BAIRROS AFRICANOS
(AFRICAN NEIGHOBURHOODS)• PLACE WERE FORMER SLAVES WITH
NO LAND OWNERSHIP AND NO EMPLOYMENT OPTIONS LIVED
FAVELAS• THESE NEIGHBOURHOODS
ATTRACTED MANY FREED SLAVES FROM 19TH CENTURY TO EARLY 20TH CENTURY
• EVENTUALLY POOR BLACK CITIZENS WERE PUSHED FROM DOWNTOWN INTO MOUNTAINS FAR FROM DT
FAVELAS• FAVELAS REPLACED
BARRIOS AFRICANOS IN THE 1970S
• MANY LEFT RURAL AREAS AND FLOCKED TO CITIES
• WITHOUT PROPER HOUSING THEY ENDED UP IN A FAVELA
FAVELAS• 20,000 VETERAN SOLDIERS
WERE BROUGHT TO RIO FROM EASTERN PROVINCE OF BAHIA (DURING CONFLICT AGAINST THE SETTLERS OF CANUDOS)
FAVELAS• WITH NO PLACE TO LIVE • WHEN IN THE ARMY IN
BAHIA FAVELAS HILL (FAVELA TREE THAT IRRITATES SKIN
• SETTLED ON PROVIDENCE HILL IN RIO AND CALLED IT FAVELA HILL
FAVELAS• 100S OF SHANTYTOWNS
ERECTED IN SUBURBS AS A RESPONSE TO HOUSING CRISIS OF 1940S
• DURING THIS TIME FAVELAS REPLACED TENEMENTS AS MAIN TYPE OF RESIDENCE FOR RESIDENTS OF RIO
FAVELAS• 1970S NEW GROWTH AS
RESULT OF CONSTRUCTION BOOM IN RICHER AREAS LED TO MIGRATION FROM RURAL AREAS (JOBS)
• HEAVING FLOODING IN LOW-LYING AREAS FORCED MANY TO MOVE TO FAVELAS ALONG HILLSIDES
FAVELAS• INDUSTRILIZATION OF
1940S-1970S CONTRIBUTED TO THE GROWTH OF FAVELAS THOUSANDS OF MIGRANTS MOVED TO THE AREA FOR JOBS
BRAZILIAN CITIES WITH MOST FAVELAS
FAVELAS• BRAZIL MOST ECONOMICALLY
UNEQUAL COUNTRIES IN WORLD
• TOP 10% OF POP. EARNS 50% OF NATIONAL INCOME
• 34% OF POP. LIVING BELOW POVERTY LINE
FAVELAS• 1969 -~300 FAVELAS IN RIO
NOW OVER 600• 1950 – 7% OF RIO’S POP.
LIVED IN FAVELAS (NOW 19%) 1 IN 5 LIVE IN A FAVELA
•