USING GSM TO DETECT Fault IN MICROCONTROLLER BASED POWER

TRANSFORMER

Group members E. MUBRAK 14F25A0209 G. VARUN KUMAR 13F21A0289 V. SREEVANI 14F25A0218 K. YASASWINI 13F21A0294 D. SHAHENSHAH 13F21A0275

Project On

Agenda

ABSTRACT Components used in the Project Block Diagram Working Features Advantages & DIS ADVANTAGES Area of Application Precautions References

THE AIM OF THE PROJECT IS TO DESIGN A FAULT RECOGNITION PROTECTION SYSTEM IN AC TRANSMISSION LINES USING GSM TECHNOLOGY.IN THIS PROJECT WE ARE USING STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMERS TO MIMIC THE CONVENTIONAL DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS WHOSE ACTIVENESS IS CHECKED BY THE MICRO CONTROLLER. A BULB IS CONNECTED AT THE INPUT OF TRANSFORMER TO INDICATE THAT THE TRANSFORMER IS ACTIVE. AND THE OUTPUT OF THE TRANSFORMER IS FED TO A FAULT INDICATOR CIRCUIT AND CONTROLLER CHECK THE OUTPUT. DEPENDING ON THE OUTPUT OF THE INDICATOR, WE WILL BE TURNING ON THE CORRESPONDING RELAY TO WHICH THE LOAD WILL BE CONNECTED, SO THAT WE CAN KNOW THE STATUS OF TRANSFORMER WHETHER IT IS ACTIVE OR NOT. AND THE CORRESPONDING DATA WILL BE SENT TO THE USER MOBILE THROUGH GSM MODEM WHICH IS INTERFACED TO THE CONTROLLER SERIALLY. THE BUZZER WILL BE ACTIVATE WHEN FAULT OCCURS. A GSM MODEM PROVIDES THE COMMUNICATION INTERFACE. IT TRANSPORTS DEVICE PROTOCOLS TRANSPARENTLY OVER THE NETWORK THROUGH A SERIAL INTERFACE. A GSM MODEM IS A WIRELESS MODEM THAT WORKS WITH A GSM WIRELESS NETWORK. THIS GSM MODEM CAN ACCEPT ANY GSM NETWORK OPERATOR SIM CARD AND ACT JUST LIKE A MOBILE PHONE WITH ITS OWN UNIQUE PHONE NUMBER. ADVANTAGE OF USING THIS MODEM WILL BE THAT YOU CAN USE ITS RS232 PORT TO COMMUNICATE AND DEVELOP EMBEDDED APPLICATIONS. THE MODEM CAN EITHER BE CONNECTED TO PC SERIAL PORT DIRECTLY OR TO ANY MICROCONTROLLER. WE ALSO INTERFACE AN LCD TO THE CONTROLLER ON WHICH THE STATUS OF THE POWER LINE WILL BE DISPLAYED.THIS PROJECT USES REGULATED 5V, 500MA POWER SUPPLY. UNREGULATED 5V DC IS USED FOR RELAY. 7805 THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REGULATOR IS USED FOR VOLTAGE REGULATION. FULL WAVE BRIDGE RECTIFIER IS USED TO RECTIFY THE AC OUTPUT OF SECONDARY OF 230/12V STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER. 

ABSTRCT

COMPONENTS USED

POWER SUPPLY FAULT INDICATOR MICRO controller LCD Relay GSM modem AX232

AX232AX232AX232

POWER SUPPLY

FAULT INDICATOR

MICRO controller

LCD

Relay LOAD

BUZZER

MAX232 GSM modem

BLOCK DIAGRAM:-

WORKING

We are giving power supply through adapter. Bridge rectifier is used to convert AC into DC. Filter circuit is used to removes the unwanted

repulses and its output is fed at the input terminal of AX232 series regulator.

The 12V constant Voltage is fed to Relay & 5V is fed to the Modem & Microcontroller.

Step down transformer

Filter Regulator Output Bridge rectifier

Power supply

Block diagram:-

FAULT INDICATER

The first fault indicators came onto the market from Horstmann (Germany) in 1946. The E.O. Schweitzer Manufacturing Company, .) introduced a product to the U.S.A in 1948

A fault indicator is a device which provides visual or remote indication of a fault on the electric power system. Also called a faulted circuit indicator (FCI).

the device is used in electric power distribution networks as a means of automatically detecting and identifying faults to reduce outage time

Recent developments include a remotely programmable overhead line indicator, fault indication for paper-insulated lead cable, and an overhead fault indicator for mesh networks.

8051 Microcontroller

The following are some of the capabilities of 8051 Microcontroller-

1. Internal ROM and RAM 2. I/O ports with programmable

pins 3. Timers and counters 4. Serial data communication

L C D

A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals.

LCDs are used in a wide range of applications including computer monitors, televisions, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, and indoor and outdoor signage. Small LCD screens are common in portable consumer devices such as digital cameras, watches, calculators, and mobile telephones, including smartphones

.. LCD screens are also used on consumer electronics products such as DVD players, video game devices and clocks LCD screens have replaced heavy, bulky cathode ray tube (CRT) displays in nearly all applications

Relay Unit

Relay unit has been designed to operate in accordance with the switching signal and controlled quantity.

Following are the points upon which relay has been selected: Operating voltage- Should lie

between 5V – 12V Low loss Instantaneous operation. Compact size Equipped with NO an NC contacts.

Buzzer A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device.There are two types of buzzers :-1. Electromechanical2. Mechanical3. piezoelectricElectromechanical:-1) Early devices were based on an electromechanical system identical to an electric bell without the metal gong.Mechanical:-1) A joy buzzer is an example of a purely mechanical buzzer.

Piezoelectric:-1) A piezoelectric element may be driven by an oscillating electronic circuit or other

audio signal source, driven with a piezoelectric audio amplifier. 2) Sounds commonly used to indicate that a button has been pressed are a click, a ring or

a beep.

1. The MAX232 is an integrated circuit first created in 1987 by Maxim Integrated Products that converts signals from a TIA-232 (RS-232) serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL-compatible digital logic circuits.

2. The MAX232 is a dual transmitter / dual receiver that typically is used to convert the RX, TX, CTS, RTS signals.

3. The MAX232(A) has two receivers that convert from RS-232 to TTL voltage levels, and two drivers that convert from TTL logic to RS-232 voltage levels.

MAX232

GSM MODEM

In this Project GSM Modem is used to develop a Interface between Mobile & Microcontroller by using GSM Sim.

It connects Microcontroller to network provider to send the SMS.

Features

A message will be sent on the number of Supervisor when the fault occur in the transmission system.

Long life No need to monitor from the Relay room. Negligible electricity consumption Easy to Install No Maintenance Required Very affordable price

ADVANTAGES

No need to monitor from relay room.System can be monitored and controlled from

anywhere.Save time.Save men work.Mobile number can be changed at any time.

Area of Application

The major areas captured by it are : Power Grid Factories Industrial Area Home Automation. And many more…………..

Precautions

All the components must be as per the circuit specification.

Microcontroller & LM78XX should be mounted on the IC base.

Modem tower must be in vertical position for good network.

I. C. should not be heated much while soldering; too much heat can destroy the I.C.

Opposite polarity of Supply can destroy I.C so please check the polarity before switching ON the circuit.

Conclusion & Results

Hence by this project we can Monitor the fault at power grids using GSM Based Mobile by means of SMS.

Grid status will not be lost in power failure condition.

References

^ The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms (IEEE 100) (seventh edition ed.). Piscataway, New Jersey: IEEE Press. 2000. ISBN 0-7381-2601-2.

^ a b Ulaby, p.168 ^ Ulaby, p.157 ^ a b Ulaby, p.169 ^ "Capacitor charging and discharging : DC CIRCUITS". All About Circuits.

http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_6/chpt_3/17.html. Retrieved 2009-02-19.  ^ a b "Nick Holonyak, Jr. 2004 Lemelson-MIT Prize Winner". Lemenson-MIT

Program. Retrieved 2007-08-13. ^ Moreno, Ivan; Sun, Ching-Cherng (2008). "Modeling the radiation pattern of

LEDs". Optics Express 16 (3): 1808. doi:10.1364/OE.16.001808. PMID 18542260. www.google.com www.wikipedia.org http://phoenixnavigation.com/ptbc/home.htm

Thank you!