Fauji fertilizer ratios
Transcript of Fauji fertilizer ratios
Fauji Fertilizers | Institute of Business Management I
Analysis of Financial Statements Final ReportSectorial Analysis of Fauji Fertilizers
2009
Submitted To: Sir Maqbool - Ur - RehmanFauji Fertilizers
12/29/2009
Acknowledgement
The compilation of this report could not have been realized without the blessings of Almighty
Allah. We are highly indebted to quite a few people who have been there from the beginning till
the completion of our research. Their undue support has been the source of inspiration for us to
complete it efficiently within time.
We would deeply like to thank our teacher Mr. Maqbool – Ur - Rehman, Assistant Professor,
Finance and Accounting, at I.o.B.M for his guidance during the project. His excessive support
has been the source of motivation to perform our best, regarding the report.
Fauji Fertilizers | II
ContentsCompany Profile..........................................................................................................................................1
Mission Statement...................................................................................................................................2
Corporate Vision.....................................................................................................................................2
Manufacturing.........................................................................................................................................2
Company Manufacturing Facilities..........................................................................................................3
Production Facilities................................................................................................................................3
Production Efficiency..............................................................................................................................4
Company Product Line................................................................................................................................5
Fertilizer SECTORAL OUTLOOK.............................................................................................................6
AGRICULTURE SECTOR.....................................................................................................................6
TYPES OF FERTILIZER........................................................................................................................7
GLOBAL SCENARIO............................................................................................................................7
PRICING...............................................................................................................................................10
International versus Local......................................................................................................................11
DAP Prices............................................................................................................................................12
DEMAND & SUPPLY..........................................................................................................................13
TAXES..................................................................................................................................................14
Future Outlook Sales & growth.................................................................................................................15
Company Financials..................................................................................................................................16
Balance Sheet........................................................................................................................................16
Income Statement..................................................................................................................................17
Horizontal & Vertical Analysis.................................................................................................................18
Vertical Analysis of Balance Sheet........................................................................................................18
Vertical Analysis of Income Statement.................................................................................................21
Horizontal Analysis of Balance Sheet...................................................................................................22
Horizontal Analysis of Income Statement.............................................................................................24
Component % age Analysis according to % age of Balance Sheet........................................................26
Component % age Analysis according to % age of Income Statement..................................................28
Component Percentage Analysis according to Pakistani Rupees of Balance Sheet...............................30
Fauji Fertilizers | III
Component Percentage Analysis according to Pakistani Rupees of Income Statement.........................32
Internal Ratio Analysis..............................................................................................................................33
LIQUIDITY RATIO..............................................................................................................................33
TURNOVER/EFFICIENCY RATIO....................................................................................................36
SOLVENCY/LEVERAGE RATIO.......................................................................................................39
COVERAGE RATIO............................................................................................................................41
PROFTABILITY RATIO......................................................................................................................44
MARKET RATIO.................................................................................................................................49
External Ratio Analysis.............................................................................................................................51
LIQUIDITY RATIO..............................................................................................................................51
TURNOVER/EFFICIENCY RATIO....................................................................................................55
SOLVENCY/LEVERAGE RATIO.......................................................................................................58
COVERAGE RATIO............................................................................................................................60
PROFTABILITY RATIO......................................................................................................................62
MARKET RATIO.................................................................................................................................66
DuPont Return on Equity..........................................................................................................................68
Insight for Investors & Creditors...............................................................................................................69
Future Projections......................................................................................................................................70
Problems & their proposed solutions with the firm...................................................................................71
References.................................................................................................................................................73
Appendix...................................................................................................................................................74
Internal Ratios of the Company.............................................................................................................74
External Ratios for Industry Average....................................................................................................76
Fauji Fertilizers | IV
Company Profile
The overall financial position of the company is stable, over the year which is one of the reason
of high efficiency and profitability of FFC. All the profitability ratios are also showing
increasing trend on the back of increasing Sales as well as Gross profit which is because of good
investments by the company in high yielding projects. Leverage and Liquidity ratios related to
FFC are also improving from past to present. If the company would be able to continue its
current stability and investments in profitable projects then the company would be able to
increase its market share as well as Profitability.
With a vision to acquire self sufficiency in fertilizer production in the country, FFC was
incorporated in 1978 as a private limited company. This was a joint venture between Fauji
Foundation (a leading charitable trust in Pakistan) and Haldor Topsoe A/S of Denmark.
The initial authorized capital of the company was 813.9 Million Rupees. The present share
capital of the company stands at Rs. 3.0 Billion. Additionally, FFC has Rs. 1.0 Billion stakes in
the subsidiary Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim Limited (formerly FFC-Jordan Fertilizer Company
Limited).
FFC commenced commercial production of urea in 1982 with annual capacity of 570,000 metric
tons.
Through De-Bottle Necking (DBN) program, the production capacity of the existing
plant increased to 695,000 metric tons per year.
Production capacity was enhanced by establishing a second plant in 1993 with annual
capacity of 635,000 metric tons of urea.
FFC participated as a major shareholder in a new DAPS/Urea manufacturing complex
with participation of major international/national institutions. The new company Fauji
Fertilizer Bin Qasim Limited (formerly FFC-Jordan Fertilizer Company Limited)
Fauji Fertilizers | Company Profile 1
commenced commercial production with effect from January 01, 2000. The facility is
designed to produce 551,000 metric tons of urea and 445,500 metric tons of DAP.
This excellent performance was due to hard work and dedication of all employees and the
progressive approach and support from the top management.
In the year 2002, FFC acquired ex Pak Saudi Fertilizers Limited (PSFL) Urea Plant
situated at Mirpur Mathelo, District Ghotki from National Fertilizer Corporation (NFC)
through privatization process of the Government of Pakistan.
This acquisition at Rs. 8,151 million represents one of the largest industrial sector transactions in
Pakistan.
Mission Statement
FFC is committed to play its leading role in industrial and agricultural advancement in Pakistan
by providing quality fertilizers and allied services to its customers and given the passion to excel,
take on fresh challenges, set new goals and take initiatives for development of profitable
business ventures.
Corporate VisionFFC vision for the 21st Century remains focused on harmonizing the Company with fresh
challenges and encompasses diversification and embarking on ventures within and beyond the
territorial limits of the Country in collaboration with leading business partners.
ManufacturingThe largest urea manufacturing facility of Pakistan consisting of two ammonia/urea units owned
by FFC is built at Goth Machhi in district Rahim Yar Khan. Goth Machhi is situated at a distance
of 2 kms from the main Lahore-Karachi highway and is adjacent to the main railway line.
Fauji Fertilizers | Company Profile 2
The two plants are based on natural gas from Mari Gas Fields and have an annual designed
production capacity of 1.3 million tons of urea.
Over the years, the plants have demonstrated an operational excellence which has become a
reference for the engineering companies whose process technologies are used here. Delegations
from China, Middle East and Far East keep visiting the plant site for gaining firsthand
knowledge before deciding to purchase a new plant.
Company Manufacturing Facilities
The Company has three plants and is a shareholder in FFBL. It markets the whole production of
FFBL.
PLANT-I Goth Machhi, Sadiqabad, Rahim Yar Khan
PLANT-I Goth Machhi, Sadiqabad, Rahim Yar Khan
PLANT-III Mirpur Mathelo
PLANT-IV Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim Limited
Production Facilities
BASE UNIT-GOTH MACHHI (FFC-1)
Start-up: June 1982
Design Capacity
Ammonia: 330,000 Met/Year
Urea: 570,000 Met/Year
REVAMPED BASE UNIT
Capacity Enhanced: 1992
Fauji Fertilizers | Company Profile 3
New Capacity
Ammonia: 403,000 Met/Year
Urea: 695,000 Met/Year
EXPANSION UNIT-GOTH MACHHI (FFC-2)
Start up: 1993
Design Capacity
Ammonia: 363,000 Met/Year
Urea: 635,000 Met/Year
MIRPUR MATHELO UNIT (FFC-3)
(EX-PAKSAUDI FERTILIZER LTD.)
Start up: Oct 1980
Acquition by FFC: 31 May, 2002
Merged with FFC: 1 July, 2002
Design Capacity
Ammonia: 330,000 Met/Year
Urea: 574,000 Met/Year
Production EfficiencyBoth the plants have been consistently operating in excess of designed capacity reaching as high
115% for the Base Unit and 119% for the Expansion Unit as a result of high efficient operations,
good maintenance and strong technical support.
Fauji Fertilizers | Company Profile 4
Company Product Line
FFC is a leading manufacturing company with over 60% shares of urea manufacturing and
marketing in Pakistan.
Urea, which represents 65% of total fertilizer consumed and di-ammonium phosphate (DAP),
which accounts for 18%, are the main types of fertilizer used in Pakistan, but there is a total of
eight different fertilizer products which fall into three categories.
Urea, along with calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) and ammonium sulphate (AS) together make
up almost three fourths of total fertilizer consumption and come under the nitrogenous category.
Under the phosphatic category which makes up about 27%, is DAP, triple super phosphate
(TSP), single super phosphate (SSP) and nitro phosphate (NP). And under the last category,
potassic is sulphate of potash which makes up only 1%.
Since the soil in Pakistan generally tends to be deficient in nitrogen, urea is the most used
fertilizer. DAP is used, as most phosphatic fertilizers are to counter the effect of the acidic urea
and maintain levels of fertility in the soil.
SONA Granular
o It produces 13% of total production
SONA DAP
o FFCL produces 31% of country’s demand. It is the sole producer of DAP.
Fauji Fertilizers | Company Product Line 5
Fertilizer SECTORAL OUTLOOK
AGRICULTURE SECTOR
The undeniable importance of the agriculture sector to the economy of Pakistan is reflected in its
contribution to national output, employment and export earnings. This sector contributes 22% to
the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employs 43% of total labor force. Growth in
this area of Economy is vital for poverty alleviation, as about 66 percent of rural population is
directly or indirectly dependent on the agriculture sector for sustenance. Pakistan’s major source
of foreign exchange earnings is the textile sector which also relies on agricultural performance.
The major crops of Pakistan are wheat, cotton, rice and sugarcane, which make up 7% of the
country’s GDP.
Fertilizer has a significant contribution in increasing crop yields and productivity. Proper
application of nutrients helps in efficient utilization of limited natural resources such as land and
water. Fertilizers improve crop yield by removing the deficiency of chemical elements taken
from the soil by harvesting, grazing, leaching or erosion. Coupled with improved seeds, better
insecticides and more effective fungicides, chemical fertilizers play a vital role in boosting
agricultural output. With proper farmer education and increased awareness, the fertilizer off-take
can improve substantially. Nutrient application in suitable quantities can further improve farm
productivity, thereby helping in eradicating poverty.
Fauji Fertilizers | Fertilizer SECTORAL OUTLOOK 6
TYPES OF FERTILIZER
Urea, which represents 65% of total fertilizer consumed and di-ammonium phosphate (DAP),
which accounts for 18%, are the main types of fertilizer used in Pakistan, but there is a total of
eight different fertilizer products which fall into three categories.
Urea, along with calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) and ammonium sulphate (AS) together make
up almost three fourths of total fertilizer consumption and come under the nitrogenous category.
Under the phosphatic category which makes up about 27%, is DAP, triple super phosphate
(TSP), single super phosphate (SSP) and nitro phosphate (NP). And under the last category,
potassic is sulphate of potash which makes up only 1%. Since the soil in Pakistan generally
tends to be deficient in nitrogen, urea is the most used fertilizer. DAP is used, as most phosphatic
fertilizers are to counter the effect of the acidic urea and maintain levels of fertility in the soil.
GLOBAL SCENARIO
The world grain consumption has outpaced production in six of the last seven years, with 2005
being the only exception, in which production superseded supply due to favorable weather in
almost all the major grain producing countries. With the growing demand of food and rapid
Fauji Fertilizers | Fertilizer SECTORAL OUTLOOK 7
increase in demand for biofuels, the grain consumption growth has witnessed an increase of 2%
in 2007 from the historical average rate of 1.2% p.a. This has led to a widening gap between
consumption and production resulting in sharp increase in food prices in the global market.
During 2007, total global production of grains was recorded at 2.3bn tons, up 4% YoY. Despite,
the increase in production the global commodity prices have climbed significantly during the
past twelve months on the back of rising demand from emerging economies. Corn, wheat, and
rice account for about 85% of the global grain harvest (in terms of weight), while sorghum,
millet, barley, oats, and other less common grains make up the rest. China, India, and the United
States alone account for 46% of global grain production; Europe, including the former Soviet
states, grow another 21%.
In 2007, a 200mn ton jump in the global coarse grain harvest was responsible for nearly all of the
increase in the total grain harvest. Production of coarse grains a group that includes corn, barley,
sorghum, and other grains fed mainly to animals increased 10% from 985mn tons in 2006 to
1,080mn tons in 2007. During 2007, a significant amount of global corn production was used in
producing biofuels, the use of which is being promoted in developed countries (mainly EU and
USA). Governments in developed countries have been encouraging the use of biofuels primarily
due to (1) Increasing price of international crude oil and (2) Bio-fuels are environment friendly.
Out of a total of 784mn tons of corn harvested during 2007, about 255mn tons or 32.5% was
used in extracting biofuels which has resulted in sharp increase in price of the commodity.
Higher corn prices prompted many a farmers in various countries (China, Brazil and the United
States) to switch to corn harvesting. Another major consumer of grains is the livestock sector,
which accounted for approximately 627mn tons (27%) in the form of feed for the cattle. Demand
of grains from this sector has grown rapidly over the past few years on account of higher
consumption of dairy products and meat by the developing countries especially China, India and
Brazil.
The amount of grain stored by governments, a good measure of the global cushion against poor
harvests and rising prices continues to decline. Global cereal stocks were expected to stand at
318mn tons by the close of the 2007 season, equivalent to about 14 percent of annual
Fauji Fertilizers | Fertilizer SECTORAL OUTLOOK 8
consumption, lowest since many years. In comparison to the global scenario, Pakistan’s food
grain production has witnessed a rising trend over the years registering a 4-year CAGR (FY02-
06) of 5.7% on the back of good harvest of major crops (wheat & rice) which account for almost
84% of the total grain production of the country.
Fauji Fertilizers | Fertilizer SECTORAL OUTLOOK 9
PRICING
Local Arena
Urea prices have shown a positive trend over the last few years on the back of step-wise increase
in feedstock gas prices, the primary raw-material for urea manufacturing. Government heavily
subsidizes feedstock prices in Pakistan, to keep the urea prices within affordable limits of the
farmers. A 50kg bag of urea is sold at PKR 558-565 (prices were revised upwards in Dec’07)
versus a price of approximately PKR 1000 per bag in the international market. DAP prices on the
other hand have undergone a radical increase during 2007, due to record high phosphoric acid
prices in the international market (a major raw material). Local prices of DAP are highly
correlated with their global rates since over 70% of the commodity used in the country is
imported. As a result, domestic DAP prices have surged during CY07, rising from PKR 800 per
bag at the start of the year to touch PKR 1,680 by Dec’07.
Fauji Fertilizers | Fertilizer SECTORAL OUTLOOK 10
International versus Local
Urea Prices
International urea prices have escalated at a healthy 4-year CAGR (FY03-07) of 19.6%, driven
by its increased usage globally from 128mntpa in 2005 to 138mntpa in 2007. On the other hand
local urea prices have risen at a 4-year CAGR of 6.8% from FY03 to FY07. GOP heavily
subsidizes the feedstock gas prices in order to make available the fertilizer to the local farmers at
an affordable cost. Urea prices are primarily linked to the increase in feedstock gas prices, which
are expected to rise at a next 4-year CAGR of 11% going forward. Consequently we expect local
urea prices to increase at a 4-year CAGR of 5.5% for the period FY07-FY11.
Fauji Fertilizers | Fertilizer SECTORAL OUTLOOK 11
DAP Prices
International DAP prices have risen sharply during 2007 (+143% YoY) on the back of rising
demand for the phosphatic fertilizer for harvesting of crops used in production of biofuels. In the
local market, price of DAP fertilizer too has followed suit and has gone up from PKR 873 per
50kg bag at the start of 2007 to around PKR 1,680 per bag at present. Despite the PKR 470 per
bag subsidy by the GOP, the hefty rise in DAP prices has caused its off-take to drop significantly
during the past few months with many farmers reverting to the use of urea. FFBL the only
producer of DAP and caters to only 31% of the DAP demand of Pakistan while the rest of the
demand is met through imports. Since the local prices are highly correlated to global prices we
estimate DAP prices to increase at a 4-year CAGR (CY07-11E) of 6.3%.
Fauji Fertilizers | Fertilizer SECTORAL OUTLOOK 12
DEMAND & SUPPLY
There are nine fertilizer plants in Pakistan with a total installed capacity of 4.35mn tons
including urea, Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP), single super phosphate (SSP), calcium
ammonium nitrate (CAN), nitro phosphate (NP) and ammonium sulfate (AS). Total demand of
these fertilizers is estimated to grow at an average of 4% per annum in the medium term. The
shortfall of approximately 1.1mntpa is met through import on which GOP provides subsidies.
During FY08, the GOP allocated a sum of PKR 13.5bn for import of various fertilizers.
The graph above shows the demand trend of both major fertilizers, urea and DAP, which has
increased at a 4-year CAGR (CY02-06) of 4.6% and 7.7% respectively. Given the increase in
crop prices, low per acre usage of fertilizers, increasing awareness among the farming
community and vast cultivable land, we estimate demand growth of fertilizers to average over
4% per annum over the next 4 years.
Fauji Fertilizers | Fertilizer SECTORAL OUTLOOK 13
TAXES
The government has privatized and deregulated fertilizer imports and prices. In 1986, all
subsidies on nitrogenous fertilizers were abolished followed by phosphates in 1993 and potash in
1997. Provincial quotas were abolished, provincial supply organizations in the public sector
abandoned and import controls were lifted. All imports are affected by the private sector. In
2001, the government imposed a 15 percent general sales tax on all fertilizer products. Farmers
have to pay international prices for imported products, apart from urea.
The share of the private sector in fertilizer marketing is 89 percent, compared to 11 percent for
the public sector. The private sector handles about 90 percent of the urea and 100 percent of the
DAP, the two major fertilizer products consumed in the country. A dealer network of about 8
000 retailers exists in the country. Fertilizer companies select and train the dealers. There is no
government intervention. However, under ‘Fertilizer Acts’ promulgated by provinces, fertilizer
quality is monitored by the provincial governments.
Fauji Fertilizers | Fertilizer SECTORAL OUTLOOK 14
Future Outlook Sales & growth
The future outlook of the fertilizer sector is very strong because of supportive government
policies, favorable climatic conditions and gas pricing. The Economic Coordination Committee
(ECC) has directed Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited (SNGPL) to market an additional 100
million cubic feet a day of natural gas from the Qadirpur gas field, close to both Engro and the
FFC.
Short term outlook appears encouraging with significant projections for strong demand for our
fertilizers. In the long term, the Company is committed to achieve sustained levels of operations
at demonstrated operating efficiencies through focus on their fundamental strengths.
Customs duty of 5% was withdrawn from imported urea. A similar withdrawal was done on
imported DAP fertilizer last year this will not affect local manufacturers The medium to long
term projected demand supply gap situation together with commissioning of their BMR projects
with enhanced urea production capacities would further consolidate their market presence and
allow improved returns to the Company and its stakeholders.
Fauji Fertilizers | Future Outlook Sales & growth 15
Company Financials
Balance Sheet
2001(000’
Rupees)
2002(000’
Rupees)
2003(000’
Rupees)
2004(000’
Rupees)
2005(000’
Rupees)
2006(000’
Rupees)
2007(000’
Rupees)
2008(000’
Rupees)SHARE CAPITAL & RESERVESShare capital 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000
Issued, subscribed and fully paid 2,564,959 2,564,959 2,564,959 2,949,703 4,934,742 4,934,742 4,934,742 4,934,742
Capital reserve 160,000 160,000 160,000 160,000 160,000 160,000 160,000 160,000
Reserve for issue of bonus shares
Revenue reserves 6,776,673 8,038,098 8,797,753 8,742,749 7,346,166 7,861,801 7,635,303 7,190,471
Total Shareholder’s Equity 9,501,632 10,736,057 11,522,712 12,294,907 12,440,908 12,956,543 12,730,045 12,285,213
Redeemable Capital 4,420,014 3,730,650
NON CURRENT LIABILITIES
Long Term Liabilities 223,867 1,283,481 784,570 2,868,403 981,078 1,193,750 2,671,250 5,378,214
DEFERRED TAXATION 86,000 2,690,000 2,522,000 2,407,000 2,401,000 2,396,000 2,363,526 2,431,895
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Trade and other payables 769,488 897,736 1,218,355 5,831,105 6,737,803 4,025,926 5,815,276 5,993,674
Interest and mark - up accrued 74,233 74,233 81,644 134,039 184,430 194,570
Short term borrowings 800,000 3,388,897 2,972,333 100,000 2,504,963 4,531,090 3,141,081 3,114,000
Creditors, accrued & other liabilities
1,561,004 2,829,008 2,606,854
Current portion of L.T Fin 503,151 917991 704,821 2269162 1887325 887,327 1,022,500 743,036
Taxation 527,083 975,960 329,910 598,297 1,414,418 1,305,606 1,313,106 1,778,361
Total Liabilities 4,160,726 9,009,592 8,659,536 8,872,797 12,626,153 10,883,988 11,476,393 11,823,641
Total Liab. & SHE 13,972,225 28,166,144 27,219,468 26,443,107 28,449,139 27,430,281 29,241,214 31,918,963
Prop, PLANT & Equip 1,527,227 9,516,474 9,136,537 9,180,716 9,184,727 9,607,957 10,390,490 12,730,813
GOODWILL 1,987,694 1,883,079 1,778,464 1,673,849 1,569,234 1,569,234 1,569,234
LONG TERM INVESTMENTS 2,491,364 7,077,892 7,083,151 5,765,699 6,058,006 6,409,382 6,325,129 7,744,779
L.T LOANS & ADVANCES 45,369 50,137 63,920 67,328 64,545 76,647 142,782 163,102
L.T Dep. & Prep 161,881 128,495 125,511 3,492 3,435 2,474 2,144 1,524
CURRENT ASSETS
Stores, spares and loose tools 1,229,557 1,618,373 1,686,980 1,727,309 2,154,318 2,202,053 2,407,988 3,034,268
Stock in trade 614,327 630,808 681,297 219,180 560,472 952,905 642,836 258,094
Trade debts 880,298 1,400,893 1,876,381 1,407,736 659,713 961,427 1,722,602 495,929
Loans & advances Dep. Other 1,025,100 1068419 647619 671,896 722,709 1,572,123 1,660,345 1,477,792
Short term investments 3,726,744 2,792,279 2,200,845 4,565,457 6,195,252 2,452,850 3,027,664 3,511,563
Fauji Fertilizers | Company Financials 16
Cash and bank balances 2,270,358 1,894,680 1,834,148 1,055,830 1,172,113 1,623,229 1,350,000 931,865
9,746,384 9,405,452 8,927,270 9,647,408 11,464,577 9,764,587 10,811,435 9,709,511
Total Assets 13,972,225 28,166,144 27,219,468 26,443,107 28,449,139 27,430,281 29,241,214 31,918,963
Income Statement
2001(000’
Rupees)
2002(000’
Rupees)
2003(000’
Rupees)
2004(000’
Rupees)
2005(000’
Rupees)
2006(000’
Rupees)
2007(000’
Rupees)
2008(000’
Rupees)
Sales 11,982,414 16,786,699 21,034,629 21,027,030 25,481,121 29,950,873 28,429,005 30,592,806
Cost of sales 6,362,616 10,109,117 13,701,319 13,157,653 16,382,714 20,242,194 18,311,525 18,234,692
GROSS PROFIT 5,619,798 6,677,582 7,333,310 7,869,377 9,098,407 9,708,679 10,117,480 12,358,114
Distribution cost 1,022,139 1,457,797 1,851,170 1,766,652 2,371,208 2,746,782 2,418,793 2,668,571
Operating Profit 4,597,659 5,219,785 5,482,140 6,102,725 6,727,199 6,961,897 7,698,687 9,689,543
Finance cost 275,271 668,213 520,838 372,949 325,999 501,241 703,612 695,371
Other expenses 390,520 496,073 488,206 560,494 626,819 735,331 845,327 895,647
3,931,868 4,055,499 4,473,096 5,169,282 5,774,381 5,725,325 6,149,748 8,098,525
Other income 1,061,844 783,922 457,413 933,762 1,439,955 1,259,819 1,665,205 1,942,558
NET PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION
4,993,712 4,839,421 4,930,509 6,103,044 7,214,336 6,985,144 7,814,953 10,041,083
Provision for taxation 1,790,000 1,766,000 1,786,000 2,099,000 2,317,000 2,349,000 2,454,000 3,516,000
NET PROFIT AFTER TAXATION
3,203,712 3,073,421 3,144,509 4,004,044 4,897,336 4,636,144 5,360,953 6,525,083
Earnings per share 12.49 11.98 12.26 8.11 9.92 9.39 10.86 13.22
No. of Shares Outstanding 256,496 256,496 256,496 493,474 493,474 493,474 493,474 493,474
Horizontal & Vertical Analysis
Fauji Fertilizers | Horizontal & Vertical Analysis 17
Vertical Analysis of Balance Sheet
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
SHARE CAPITAL & RESERVESShare capital 21.47% 10.65% 11.02% 11.35% 17.58% 18.23% 17.10% 15.66%Issued, subscribed and fully paid 18.36% 9.11% 9.42% 11.15% 17.35% 17.99% 16.88% 15.46%Capital reserve 1.15% 0.57% 0.59% 0.61% 0.56% 0.58% 0.55% 0.50%Reserve for issue of bonus shares
Revenue reserves 48.50% 28.54% 32.32% 33.06% 25.82% 28.66% 26.11% 22.53%Total Shareholder’s Equity 68.00% 38.12% 42.33% 46.50% 43.73% 47.23% 43.53% 38.49%Redeemable Capital 31.63% 13.25%
NON CURRENT LIABILITIES
Long Term Liabilities 1.60% 4.56% 2.88% 10.85% 3.45% 4.35% 9.14% 16.85%DEFERRED TAXATION 0.62% 9.55% 9.27% 9.10% 8.44% 8.73% 8.08% 7.62%CURRENT LIABILITIES
Trade and other payables 5.51% 3.19% 4.48% 22.05% 23.68% 14.68% 19.89% 18.78%Interest and mark - up accrued 0.00% 0.00% 0.27% 0.28% 0.29% 0.49% 0.63% 0.61%Short term borrowings 5.73% 12.03% 10.92% 0.38% 8.81% 16.52% 10.74% 9.76%Creditors, accrued & other liabilities
11.17% 10.04% 9.58%
Current portion of L.T Fin 3.60% 3.26% 2.59% 8.58% 6.63% 3.23% 3.50% 2.33%Taxation 3.77% 3.47% 1.21% 2.26% 4.97% 4.76% 4.49% 5.57%
29.78% 31.99% 31.81% 33.55% 44.38% 39.68% 39.25% 37.04%Total L & SHE 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
As we know that FFC is a leading manufacturing company with over 60% shares of urea
manufacturing and marketing in Pakistan. Let see how they progressed in perspective of all their
Assets and liabilities over the years.
The number of shares issued till 2004 was same after which they increased. The company after
2004 raised some share capital to raise fund as their value was Going Up. Although the
shareholder’s equity section was increasing but it was reducing in percentage as compared to the
assets section. The reduction was around 20 to 30 percent.
Fauji Fertilizers | Horizontal & Vertical Analysis 18
The long term liabilities also started increasing from year to year and till 2008 it almost doubles
from the previous years. The amount of deferred taxation also was being reduced which seems
that the company started paying off their deferred tax instead to defer it to the next upcoming
years.
In the year 2001 and 2002 we see the redeemable capital which vanished in the upcoming years
which tells us the story that the company position is getting good and strong after year 2002 that
they were not in the need of urgent funds by issuing some temporary shares.
The trade and other payables increased by a huge amount in percentage from year 2004 which
tells the company increased the liabilities in greater proportion of percentage over the last six
years.
The short term borrowing was also been seen but they did not increased that much as the trade
and other payables and remained consistent over the years.
Creditors, accrued & other liabilities was just seen in the year 2001 and 2002 after which
company completely get rid of this liability.
The taxation amount was quiet high as around 30 to 40 percent all of the years being analyzed.
The current liability section was around 30 to 40 percent which tells that the company is been
paying most of their liabilities in the one year’s period for the last eight years.
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008Prop, PLANT & Equip 10.93% 33.79% 33.57% 34.72% 32.28% 35.03% 35.53% 39.88%GOODWILL 7.06% 6.92% 6.73% 5.88% 5.72% 5.37% 4.92%LONG TERM INVESTMENTS 17.83% 25.13% 26.02% 21.80% 21.29% 23.37% 21.63% 24.26%
Fauji Fertilizers | Horizontal & Vertical Analysis 19
L.T LOANS & ADVANCES 0.32% 0.18% 0.23% 0.25% 0.23% 0.28% 0.49% 0.51%L.T Dep. & Prep 1.16% 0.46% 0.46% 0.01% 0.01% 0.01% 0.01% 0.00%CURRENT ASSETSStores, spares and loose tools
8.80% 5.75% 6.20% 6.53% 7.57% 8.03% 8.23% 9.51%
Stock in trade 4.40% 2.24% 2.50% 0.83% 1.97% 3.47% 2.20% 0.81%Trade debts 6.30% 4.97% 6.89% 5.32% 2.32% 3.50% 5.89% 1.55%Loans & advances Dep. Other 7.34% 3.79% 2.38% 2.54% 2.54% 5.73% 5.68% 4.63%Short term investments 26.67% 9.91% 8.09% 17.27% 21.78% 8.94% 10.35% 11.00%Cash and bank balances 16.25% 6.73% 6.74% 3.99% 4.12% 5.92% 4.62% 2.92%
69.76% 33.39% 32.80% 36.48% 40.30% 35.60% 36.97% 30.42%Total Assets 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
Since the company position starts getting better from year 2002 the Fixed assets section
increased in huge amount which tells us that the company really invested In the buying of the
fixed assets for much better capacity and storage so they can improve and increase their
production.
The company position as it start getting better and better from year 2002 they also invested lot of
their money in the long term investments which tells how better the company is and how much
better they are improving financially.
The current assets section as it is clear that the stores, spares and loose tools and stock in trade
were almost just enough as much they needed. It seems that the company is utilizing their
inventory as much they needed.
The company also made a lot of percentage in short term investment which tells how much the
company is in investing in short term projects to raise more money and this amount was much
better in percentage.
The current assets section was in the greater proportion as compared to rest of assets that how
well the company not in the long term but also in short term is keeping it better in the market and
improved their position over the last few years.
Fauji Fertilizers | Horizontal & Vertical Analysis 20
Vertical Analysis of Income Statement
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Sales 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%Cost of sales 53.10% 60.22% 65.14% 62.57% 64.29% 67.58% 64.41% 59.60%GROSS PROFIT 46.90% 39.78% 34.86% 37.43% 35.71% 32.42% 35.59% 40.40%Distribution cost 8.53% 8.68% 8.80% 8.40% 9.31% 9.17% 8.51% 8.72%Operating Profit 38.37% 31.09% 26.06% 29.02% 26.40% 23.24% 27.08% 31.67%Finance cost 2.30% 3.98% 2.48% 1.77% 1.28% 1.67% 2.47% 2.27%Other expenses 3.26% 2.96% 2.32% 2.67% 2.46% 2.46% 2.97% 2.93%
32.81% 24.16% 21.27% 24.58% 22.66% 19.12% 21.63% 26.47%Other income 8.86% 4.67% 2.17% 4.44% 5.65% 4.21% 5.86% 6.35%NET PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION
41.68% 28.83% 23.44% 29.02% 28.31% 23.32% 27.49% 32.82%
Provision for taxation 14.94% 10.52% 8.49% 9.98% 9.09% 7.84% 8.63% 11.49%NET PROFIT AFTER TAXATION
26.74% 18.31% 14.95% 19.04% 19.22% 15.48% 18.86% 21.33%
As we seen the company’s strengthens from year 2002 it improved in all kinds of section. If we
talk about their sales are increasing a lot year after years. So because of this the cost of goods
sold also increased in much greater amount but in the year 2008 they not only increased their
sales but also reduced the cost of sales expense by around 5 percent which is quiet good for
future sales growth the profits.
The company also improved year after year in the gross profit section as well which better tells
the company how much they improved over the past few years and the big reason for that in not
only better sales but also a decline in cost of sales percentage.
The company maintained its distribution cost over all the past years which were around 8 to 9
percent.
As the company improved in increasing sales and decreasing their cost of sales and maintain
their distribution cost they also made a healthier operating profit over the last few years.
Fauji Fertilizers | Horizontal & Vertical Analysis 21
So because all these reason the company improved in maintain their before tax and after tax
profit to a much better position.
Horizontal Analysis of Balance Sheet2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
SHARE CAPITAL & RESERVESShare capital 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 166.67% 166.67% 166.67% 166.67%Issued, subscribed and fully paid 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 115.00% 192.39% 192.39% 192.39% 192.39%Capital reserve 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%Reserve for issue of bonus sharesRevenue reserves 100.00% 118.61% 129.82% 129.01% 108.40% 116.01% 112.67% 106.11%Total Shareholder’s Equity 100.00% 112.99% 121.27% 129.40% 130.93% 136.36% 133.98% 129.30%Redeemable Capital 100.00% 84.40%
NON CURRENT LIABILITIES 100.00% 61.13% 223.49% 76.44% 93.01% 208.13% 419.03%Long Term Liabilities 100.00% 573.32% 350.46% 1281.30% 438.24% 533.24% 1193.23% 2402.41%DEFERRED TAXATION 100.00% 3127.91% 2932.56% 2798.84% 2791.86% 2786.05% 2748.29% 2827.78%CURRENT LIABILITIESTrade and other payables 100.00% 116.67% 158.33% 757.79% 875.62% 523.20% 755.73% 778.92%Interest and mark - up accrued 100.00% 100.00% 109.98% 180.57% 248.45% 262.11%Short term borrowings 100.00% 423.61% 371.54% 12.50% 313.12% 566.39% 392.64% 389.25%Creditors, accrued & other liabilities 100.00% 181.23% 167.00%Current portion of L.T Fin 100.00% 182.45% 140.08% 450.99% 375.10% 176.35% 203.22% 147.68%Taxation 100.00% 185.16% 62.59% 113.51% 268.35% 247.70% 249.13% 337.40%Total Liabilities 100.00% 216.54% 208.13% 213.25% 303.46% 261.59% 275.83% 284.17%Total Liab. & SHE 100.00% 201.59% 194.81% 189.25% 203.61% 196.32% 209.28% 228.45%
Prop, PLANT & Equip 100.00% 623.12% 598.24% 601.14% 601.40% 629.11% 680.35% 833.59%GOODWILL 100.00% 94.74% 89.47% 84.21% 78.95% 78.95% 78.95%LONG TERM INVESTMENTS 100.00% 284.10% 284.31% 231.43% 243.16% 257.26% 253.88% 310.87%L.T LOANS & ADVANCES 100.00% 110.51% 140.89% 148.40% 142.27% 168.94% 314.71% 359.50%L.T Dep. & Prep 100.00% 79.38% 77.53% 2.16% 2.12% 1.53% 1.32% 0.94%CURRENT ASSETSStores, spares and loose tools 100.00% 131.62% 137.20% 140.48% 175.21% 179.09% 195.84% 246.78%Stock in trade 100.00% 102.68% 110.90% 35.68% 91.23% 155.11% 104.64% 42.01%Trade debts 100.00% 159.14% 213.15% 159.92% 74.94% 109.22% 195.68% 56.34%Loans & advances Dep. Other 100.00% 104.23% 63.18% 65.54% 70.50% 153.36% 161.97% 144.16%Short term investments 100.00% 74.93% 59.06% 122.51% 166.24% 65.82% 81.24% 94.23%
Fauji Fertilizers | Horizontal & Vertical Analysis 22
Cash and bank balances 100.00% 83.45% 80.79% 46.51% 51.63% 71.50% 59.46% 41.04%Total Current Assets 100.00% 96.50% 91.60% 98.98% 117.63% 100.19% 110.93% 99.62%Total Assets 100.00% 201.59% 194.81% 189.25% 203.61% 196.32% 209.28% 228.45%
The company increased their share capital in the year 2005 and it is still the same until now.
Because of this the company’s issued, subscribed and fully paid section also increased. The total
shareholder equity section increased from year 2002 because from year 2002 the company
position was becoming better in all perspective.
The company’s noncurrent liabilities increased in huge amount from year 2007 and in year 2008.
The Long Term Liabilities and deferred taxation also increased by a huge amount in percentage
over the last two to three years as compared to last eight years.
The trade and other payable section also increased by a huge amount especially from year 2004
so the company increased most of their liabilities in this section. The company also increased the
short term borrowing amount by a much greater percentage from year 2005 until now which tells
the company really increased most of their liabilities in this particular section.
So overall the taxation, total liabilities and SHE section increased in much greater percentage
from year 2002 and until now which tells how much the company increased their liabilities.
The fixed assets section increased by a very greater proportion in percentage as the company’s
position started getting better from year 2002 until now. The percentage increase in the fixed
assets was very huge which tells how much the company has invested to buy more fixed assets to
increase their production and sales.
The company also invested a lot in the long term investments from year 2002 which was also by
a greater proportion which tells how much the company is trying to make money from greater
long term projects. The company also made lot of short term investments over the last 7 years as
well just like long term investments.
Fauji Fertilizers | Horizontal & Vertical Analysis 23
So over the last seven years we see how much the FFC has improved in perspective of all kinds
of noncurrent and especially current assets and how better they are managing it.
Horizontal Analysis of Income Statement
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Sales 100.00% 140.09% 175.55% 175.48% 212.65% 249.96% 237.26% 255.31%Cost of sales 100.00% 158.88% 215.34% 206.80% 257.48% 318.14% 287.80% 286.59%GROSS PROFIT 100.00% 118.82% 130.49% 140.03% 161.90% 172.76% 180.03% 219.90%Distribution cost 100.00% 142.62% 181.11% 172.84% 231.98% 268.73% 236.64% 261.08%Operating Profit 100.00% 113.53% 119.24% 132.74% 146.32% 151.42% 167.45% 210.75%Finance cost 100.00% 242.75% 189.21% 135.48% 118.43% 182.09% 255.61% 252.61%Other expenses 100.00% 127.03% 125.01% 143.53% 160.51% 188.30% 216.46% 229.35%
100.00% 103.14% 113.77% 131.47% 146.86% 145.61% 156.41% 205.97%Other income 100.00% 73.83% 43.08% 87.94% 135.61% 118.64% 156.82% 182.94%NET PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION
100.00% 96.91% 98.73% 122.21% 144.47% 139.88% 156.50% 201.07%
Provision for taxation 100.00% 98.66% 99.78% 117.26% 129.44% 131.23% 137.09% 196.42%NET PROFIT AFTER TAXATION
100.00% 95.93% 98.15% 124.98% 152.86% 144.71% 167.34% 203.67%
As we know the FFC’S position started getting stronger and stronger from year 2002 they
improved in almost all kinds of sections in which they can earn profit increase their sales and
make more money by every ways by buying assets, short term investments and long term
investment and huge amount of loans.
Since the company bought lot of fixed assets that definitely have improved their production
capacity and this was definitely due to much bigger demand and supply. So the company really
improved in much greater proportion in increasing their sales from year 2002 and continued their
progress until now.
As the increase in the sales we know the cost of sales also increased so the amount of cost of
sales was also quiet high but the company did make some efforts in year 2008 to reduce its cost
of sales in order to make much more profit.
Fauji Fertilizers | Horizontal & Vertical Analysis 24
Since the increase in sales much in greater proportion as compare to cost of sales the company’s
gross profit also rose year after year.
With all the increase in the sales and cost of sales the distribution cost also rose with greater
proportion as compare to last eight years.
Due to all the steps taken by the company to reduce their expenses with the increase in the sales
that company also made a huge amount of operating profit which better tells the company’s
position that how better they are getting year after year. This progress tells us also one more
thing that the company will really earn a lot of profit with increased sales the future as well.
Other expense also rose with the increase in the sales and as compared to the country’s condition
this up and down will continue in upcoming years so the company should be aware of it and
should have primitive measures for it.
Other income also rose which tells how better they are managing in almost neglecting the
increase in other expense means that although the other expense also rose but the other income is
playing a big role in order to decreases its effects so the overall before tax and after tax profit
should be good.
The before tax profit was also high year after year from year 2002 and still rising over the last
eight years.
The taxation amount also rose especially in the year 2008 due to the increased taxes but the
company’s good progress is not affected by it.
The FFC’s net profit after taxation also rose to much greater proportion over all the last eight
years but raised much in year 2008 as compare to the last few years due to the increased demand
and supply.
Fauji Fertilizers | Horizontal & Vertical Analysis 25
Component % age Analysis according to % age of Balance Sheet2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
SHARE CAPITAL & RESERVESShare capital 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 166.67% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%Issued, subscribed and fully paid 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 115.00% 167.30% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%Capital reserve 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%Reserve for issue of bonus sharesRevenue reserves 100.00% 18.61% 9.45% -0.63% -15.97% 7.02% -2.88% -5.83%Total Shareholder’s Equity 100.00% 12.99% 7.33% 6.70% 1.19% 4.14% -1.75% -3.49%Redeemable Capital 100.00% -15.60%
NON CURRENT LIABILITIESLong Term Liabilities 100.00% 473.32% -38.87% 265.60% -65.80% 21.68% 123.77% 101.34%DEFERRED TAXATION 100.00% 3027.91% -6.25% -4.56% -0.25% -0.21% -1.36% 2.89%CURRENT LIABILITIESTrade and other payables 100.00% 16.67% 35.71% 378.60% 15.55% -40.25% 44.45% 3.07%Interest and mark - up accrued 100.00% 0.00% 9.98% 64.17% 37.59% 5.50%Short term borrowings 100.00% 323.61% -12.29% -96.64% 2404.96% 80.88% -30.68% -0.86%Creditors, accrued & other liabilities 100.00% 81.23% -7.85% -
100.00%Current portion of L.T Fin 100.00% 82.45% -23.22% 221.95% -16.83% -52.98% 15.23% -27.33%Taxation 100.00% 85.16% -66.20% 81.35% 136.41% -7.69% 0.57% 35.43%
100.00% 116.54% -3.89% 2.46% 42.30% -13.80% 5.44% 3.03%Total L & SHE 100.00% 101.59% -3.36% -2.85% 7.59% -3.58% 6.60% 9.16%
Prop, PLANT & Equip 100.00% 523.12% -3.99% 0.48% 0.04% 4.61% 8.14% 22.52%GOODWILL -5.26% -5.56% -5.88% -6.25% 0.00% 0.00%LONG TERM INVESTMENTS 100.00% 184.10% 0.07% -18.60% 5.07% 5.80% -1.31% 22.44%L.T LOANS & ADVANCES 100.00% 10.51% 27.49% 5.33% -4.13% 18.75% 86.29% 14.23%L.T Dep. & Prep 100.00% -20.62% -2.32% -97.22% -1.63% -27.98% -13.34% -28.92%CURRENT ASSETSStores, spares and loose tools 100.00% 31.62% 4.24% 2.39% 24.72% 2.22% 9.35% 26.01%Stock in trade 100.00% 2.68% 8.00% -67.83% 155.71% 70.02% -32.54% -59.85%Trade debts 100.00% 59.14% 33.94% -24.98% -53.14% 45.73% 79.17% -71.21%Loans & advances Dep. Other 100.00% 4.23% -39.39% 3.75% 7.56% 117.53% 5.61% -10.99%Short term investments 100.00% -25.07% -21.18% 107.44% 35.70% -60.41% 23.43% 15.98%Cash and bank balances 100.00% -16.55% -3.19% -42.43% 11.01% 38.49% -16.83% -30.97%
100.00% -3.50% -5.08% 8.07% 18.84% -14.83% 10.72% -10.19%Total Assets 100.00% 101.59% -3.36% -2.85% 7.59% -3.58% 6.60% 9.16%
Fauji Fertilizers | Horizontal & Vertical Analysis 26
The revenue reserve is that part of profit that has not been given to the shareholder but retained
in the business for further growth. Hence the company increased it in the year 2002 and 2003 by
19 and 10 percent respectively but since the company’s position was getting better and better
year after year this revenue reserve declined a lot and still declining as the company is not
relying on this particular item.
The shareholder’s equity section did rise all the years but in the last two years it declined by 2
and 3.5 percent in year 2007 and 2008 respectively.
There was variation in the long term liabilities and deferred taxation but the long term liability
rose by a drastic percentage especially in the year 2008 as compared to deferred taxation which
rose only by a very fewer percentage.
The short term borrowings rose drastically in the year 2005 but later on they declined in the last
two years. The total Liability and SHE also rose drastically in the year 2002 but after that it
increased at very smaller percentage.
The fixed asset portion of the company also rose from year 2002 which was vey vast of around a
523 percent increase and later on it increased at a slow proportion in percentage. But this
particular section is still increasing.
The firm’s short term and long term investment rose also over the last eight years or so. But the
long term investment rose very much I the year 2002 which was almost around a 184 percent
increase and the short term investment rose very much in the year 2005 which was almost around
a 108 percent increase.
The firm’s Stock in trade and Trade debts also declined by a huge percent in the year 2008 which
was around 60 and 70 percent respectively. This tells how better the company is managing their
inventory and their decline in the account receivables section.
So overall the firm’s total assets rose over the last eight years but they raised much in the year
2002 by around 102 percent which tells that from year 2002 the firm’s position was getting very
strong in Pakistan.
Fauji Fertilizers | Horizontal & Vertical Analysis 27
Component % age Analysis according to % age of Income Statement
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Sales 100.00% 40.09% 25.31% -0.04% 21.18% 17.54% -5.08% 7.61%Cost of sales 100.00% 58.88% 35.53% -3.97% 24.51% 23.56% -9.54% -0.42%GROSS PROFIT 100.00% 18.82% 9.82% 7.31% 15.62% 6.71% 4.21% 22.15%Distribution cost 100.00% 42.62% 26.98% -4.57% 34.22% 15.84% -11.94% 10.33%
100.00% 13.53% 5.03% 11.32% 10.23% 3.49% 10.58% 25.86%Finance cost 100.00% 142.75% -22.06% -28.39% -12.59% 53.76% 40.37% -1.17%Other expenses 100.00% 27.03% -1.59% 14.81% 11.83% 17.31% 14.96% 5.95%
100.00% 3.14% 10.30% 15.56% 11.71% -0.85% 7.41% 31.69%Other income 100.00% -26.17% -41.65% 104.14% 54.21% -12.51% 32.18% 16.66%NET PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION
100.00% -3.09% 1.88% 23.78% 18.21% -3.18% 11.88% 28.49%
Provision for taxation 100.00% -1.34% 1.13% 17.53% 10.39% 1.38% 4.47% 43.28%NET PROFIT AFTER TAXATION 100.00% -4.07% 2.31% 27.33% 22.31% -5.33% 15.63% 21.71%
The firm’s position is quiet visible which we can measure from its sales which is rising year after
year especially from year 2002 which was 40 percent and continuing to increase over the last few
years or so.
Also with the increase in sales the cost of sales also rise but the company did really well in
reducing their cost of sales by almost 10 percent in the year 2007 and around 1 percent in year
2008 which tells that the company is really making efforts in order to increase their sales and
reduce their cost of sales in order to increase the gross profit for the longer term and so far they
have been successful.
The firm’s distribution cost also rose a lot but the company did very well especially in the year
2004 and year 2007 in which they reduced their distributing cost but since in the year 2008 it
rose much due to rising oil prices and the deterioration of the economy of Pakistan which
affected every organization in Pakistan but the company still did well in order to cope such
challenges and did not let such kind of cost disturbs their profits.
Fauji Fertilizers | Horizontal & Vertical Analysis 28
The company did well in maintaining as well as increasing their operating profit over all the last
eight years and this tells us that the company is measuring such steps in order to increase the
profitability of the company.
The finance cost also rose too much all of the years since they really have taken lot of loans from
the creditors but overall this did not affected them that much because in the last few years the
short term investments income overcome such costs so the overall effect of this cost was
negligible especially since the last five years or so.
The other expense rose all over the years but the company did well I order that this particular
item do not increase much and effect their profitability and so far over the last eight years or so
they did well in order to keep it just enough that does not affect their profitability.
Since the firm’s did well in reducing most of their expense and increased sales the company did
very well especially in order make a before tax profit much high as compared to the after tax
profit. Since the firm is making more profit especially in the year 2008which was very tough for
all the organization in Pakistan but they did still very well although the taxation amount in the
year 2008 was quiet high around 44 percent but still made a heavy profit which was a very good
thing because the year 2008 was not much that good for most of the organization but they
maintained their journey of increased sales and profits and the reduction in most of the expense
like cost of sales, distribution expenses etc.
Component Percentage Analysis according to Pakistani Rupees of Balance Sheet
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008Revenue reserves 1261425 759655 (55004) (1396583) 515635 (226498) (444832)Total Shareholder’s Equity 1234425 786655 772195 146001 515635 (226498) (444832)
Fauji Fertilizers | Horizontal & Vertical Analysis 29
NON CURRENT LIABILITIES 1283481 (498911) 2083833 (1887325) 212672 1477500 2706964 Long Term Liabilities (223867) DEFERRED TAXATION 2604000 (168000) (115000) (6000) (5000) (32474) 68369 CURRENT LIABILITIES Trade and other payables 128248 320619 4612750 906698 (2711877) 1789350 178398 Interest and mark - up accrued 74233 7411 52395 50391 10140 Short term borrowings 2588897 (416564) (2872333) 2404963 2026127 (1390009) (27081)Creditors, accrued & other liabilities 1268004 (222154) (2606854) Current portion of L.T Fin 414840 (213170) 1564341 (381837) (999998) 135173 (279464)Taxation 448877 (646050) 268387 816121 (108812) 7500 465255 Total Liabilities 4848866 (350056) 213261 3753356 (1742165) 592405 347248 Total Liab. & SHE 14193919 (946676) (776361) 2006032 (1018858) 1810933 2677749 Prop, PLANT & Equip 7989247 (379937) 44179 4011 423230 782533 2340323 GOODWILL 1987694 (104615) (104615) (104615) (104615) LONG TERM INVESTMENTS 4586528 5259 (1317452) 292307 351376 (84253) 1419650 L.T LOANS & ADVANCES 4768 13783 3408 (2783) 12102 66135 20320 L.T Dep. & Prep (33386) (2984) (122019) (57) (961) (330) (620)CURRENT ASSETS Stores, spares and loose tools 388816 68607 40329 427009 47735 205935 626280 Stock in trade 16481 50489 (462117) 341292 392433 (310069) (384742)Trade debts 520595 475488 (468645) (748023) 301714 761175 (1226673)Loans & advances Dep. Other 43319 (420800) 24277 50813 849414 88222 (182553)Short term investments (934465) (591434) 2364612 1629795 (3742402) 574814 483899 Cash and bank balances (375678) (60532) (778318) 116283 451116 (273229) (418135) (340932) (478182) 720138 1817169 (1699990) 1046848 (1101924)Total Assets 14193919 (946676) (776361) 2006032 (1018858) 1810933 2677749
If we talk about the component percent analysis to dollar of balance sheet we see the revenue reserve section which declined a lot especially in the year 2004, 2005, 2007 and 2008. As we know that the revenue reserve is that part of profit that has not been given to the shareholder but retained in the business for further growth. But since the company started getting better in the early 90’s they started declining this particular item since they did not feel of keeping this particular item.
The total shareholder’s equity section also declined a lot especially in the year 2007 and year
2008 which was mostly due to the decline in the revenue reserve portion so this tells that the
Fauji Fertilizers | Horizontal & Vertical Analysis 30
company was totally shifting mostly towards the debts side as compared to equity portion of the
balance sheet.
The deferred taxation amount also declined to very big figures especially from year 2002 till
2007 which tells that company started paying mostly instead of deferring it on the next coming
years or so.
Overall the total liabilities and SHE section increased most of the year except year 2003, 2004
and year 2006.
The asset portion especially the fixed assets increased a lot which tells that the company really
invested a lot in order to get machineries properties in order to expand their business with the
increasing demand and supply of the country.
There was also a lot of long term and short term investment being made by the company in most
of the last eight years in order to make more profit and for the betterment of the organization.
There was a lot decline in the Cash and bank balances section probably due to the company
investing in the long term and short term projects in order to make more profits.
Overall the company’s assets rose very much especially in the last two year mean year 2007 and
2008 by almost 1,810,933,000 and 2,677,749,000 Pakistani rupees respectively.
Component Percentage Analysis according to Pakistani Rupees of Income Statement
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Sales 4804285 4247930 (7599) 4454091 4469752 (1521868) 2163801 Cost of sales 3746501 3592202 (543666) 3225061 3859480 (1930669) (76833)GROSS PROFIT 1057784 655728 536067 1229030 610272 408801 2240634 Distribution cost 435658 393373 (84518) 604556 375574 (327989) 249778 Operating Profit 622126 262355 620585 624474 234698 736790 1990856 Finance cost 392942 (147375) (147889) (46950) 175242 202371 (8241)
Fauji Fertilizers | Horizontal & Vertical Analysis 31
Other expenses 105553 (7867) 72288 66325 108512 109996 50320 123631 417597 696186 605099 (49056) 424423 1948777
Other income (277922) (326509) 476349 506193 (180136) 405386 277353 NET PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION
(154291) 91088 1172535 1111292 (229192) 829809 2226130
Provision for taxation (24000) 20000 313000 218000 32000 105000 1062000 NET PROFIT AFTER TAXATION (130291) 71088 859535 893292 (261192) 724809 1164130
If we see the income statement percentage analysis to dollars amount we see that how much the
sales amount rose over the last few year or so especially the most sales rose in the year 2003,
2005, 2006 and 2008. Especially in the year 2008 we know how much this difficult year was
that for every organization in Pakistan.
The cost of sales also rose much is amount but as we see that in year 2007 and 2008 the company
did really well in order to reduce the amount with a very greater proportion.
Since there was an increase in sales mostly and a reduction in the cost of sales the gross profit
rose to vast proportion especially over the last year.
The company really made a very good operating profit which in some of the years line 2003,
2004, 2005 and 2008 the finance cost was also less which tells that the company was getting rid
from most of their liabilities and wanted to stand on their own. Overall the company enjoyed lot
of profits as compared to expense and the company did all the last eight years or so.
Internal Ratio Analysis
LIQUIDITY RATIO
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008CURRENT RATIO 2.34 1.04 1.03 1.09 0.91 0.90 0.94 0.82QUICK RATIO 2.19 0.97 0.95 1.06 0.86 0.81 0.89 0.80
Fauji Fertilizers | Internal Ratio Analysis 32
CASH FLOW LIQUIDITY RATIO 1.88 1.04 0.70 1.49 1.07 0.34 0.90 1.07AVERAGE COLLECTION PERIOD 26.82 30.46 32.56 24.44 9.45 11.72 22.12 5.92AVERAGE INVENTORY DAYS 35.24 22.78 18.15 6.08 12.49 17.18 12.81 5.17PAYABLE DAYS 89.55 102.14 89.43 161.76 150.12 72.59 115.91 119.97
Current Ratio:
The current ratio deteriorated from the last four years. The reasons for this are that the current
liabilities increased in much greater proportion as compared to current assets. The biggest reason
is that the company started the company started increasing more liabilities and the reduction in
assets was mostly due to cash and cash balances, trade debts and stock in trade.
Quick Ratio:
Fauji Fertilizers | Internal Ratio Analysis 33
The quick ratio as it is clear from the ratios over the last eight years which tells that the company
was really quiet good in managing their cash but it is not very good but they maintained it over
the last six years or so.
Cash Flow Liquidity Ratio:
As we know this ratio is the best ratio for the measure of liquidity of the firm. This tells how
much the firm is better in managing their cash and cash equivalents in managing against their
current liabilities so overall the last eight years the company did very well in not only
maintaining their cash against the company’s current liabilities.
Fauji Fertilizers | Internal Ratio Analysis 34
Average Collection Period:
The company was very good in drastic improvement in this particular ratio. One particular
reason for this one was the reduction the net account receivables and an increase in sales. The
company’s receivables collection came to almost 6 days which phenomenal thing for any
organization to improve that much.
Average Inventory Days:
The company was very superior in extreme improvement in this particular ratio as well. One
particular reason for this one was the reduction the inventory and an increase in cost of sales. The
Fauji Fertilizers | Internal Ratio Analysis 35
company’s inventory came to 5 days which is also a dream to achieve as well because we usually
do not see such improvement.
Payable Days:
The payable days rose too much which tells that the company increased their payables as
compared to cost of sales which was declining a little bit since the last two years. The company
was not good in managing their payables that much as compared to other two ratios like average
inventory days and average collection period.
TURNOVER/EFFICIENCY RATIO
TURNOVER/EFFICIENCY RATIO
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008RECEIVABLE TURNOVER 13.61 11.98 11.21 14.94 38.62 31.15 16.50 61.69INVENTORY TURNOVER 10.36 16.03 20.11 60.03 29.23 21.24 28.49 70.65PAYABLE TURNOVER 4.08 3.57 4.08 2.26 2.43 5.03 3.15 3.04FIXED ASSET TURNOVER 7.93 1.79 2.34 2.29 2.77 3.12 2.74 2.40TOTAL ASSET TURNOVER 0.86 0.60 0.77 0.80 0.90 1.09 0.97 0.96
Fauji Fertilizers | Internal Ratio Analysis 36
Receivables Turnover:
The receivables improved phenomenally by almost 45 times in a year which was a very big
improvement as compared to last eight years. This tells how much better the company has
improved in managing their receivables into cash. This also tells that the company is very good
in receivables collection. It is an important indicator of a company’s financial and operational
performance.
Inventory Turnover:
The same was with the inventory turnover which also improved severely just like the receivables
collection. This tells how much better the company has improved in managing their efficient
Fauji Fertilizers | Internal Ratio Analysis 37
management of inventory. This also ensures that the company is very good in managing their
inventory as much as been required according the requirements.
Payable Turnover:
The payable turnover declined a lot as compared to other two turnover ratios. It is not good for long
term as compared to their position and the way they are going this ratio also should be improved so
they can better improve this ratio as well.
Fixed Asset Turnover:
Fauji Fertilizers | Internal Ratio Analysis 38
The fixed asset turnover was just fine which tells that the company is just fine in managing their
fixed assets. The big reason for this that this ratio did not increased that much is due to that the
company from the last few years was increasing their fixed asset portion as compared to sales.
So the company still was good in managing their assets as compared to sales.
Total Asset Turnover:
The total asset turnover was just good which tells that how better the company is efficient in the
management of all their assets as compared to sales. The reason for this was because of the
increased in both the things one is the sales and the other are the total assets but the total assets
increased in much percentage as compared to sales.
SOLVENCY/LEVERAGE RATIOSOLVENCY/LEVERAGE RATIO
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008DEBT RATIO 32% 62% 58% 54% 56% 53% 56% 62%LTD TO CAPITALIZATION 2% 11% 6% 19% 7% 8% 17% 30%DEBT TO EQUITY 47% 162% 136% 115% 129% 112% 130% 160%
Fauji Fertilizers | Internal Ratio Analysis 39
Debt Ratio:
This tells how better the company the how better the company is good in order to pay off their
loan in times. The percentage increased in a percentage in as compared from the last five years.
This tells that the company increased their debt as compared to total assets.
LTD to Capitalization:
This ratio also rose from the last few six years which tells the company increased the long term
debts in permanent financing of the firm. Debt implies risk but the company still did very well
overall the past few years.
Fauji Fertilizers | Internal Ratio Analysis 40
Debt to Equity:
The capital structure of the firm tells us that it is more debt financed as compared to equity
financed. There were two reasons for that one is the increase in debt and the other was the
decrease in equity.
COVERAGE RATIO
COVERAGE RATIO
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
TIMES INTEREST EARNED 16.70 7.81 10.53 16.36 20.64 13.89 10.94 13.93
FIXED CHARGE COVERAGE RATIO 6.67 7.07 3.89 20.31 18.95 -0.79 8.40 11.74
CASH COVERAGE 13.81 12.39 9.43 24.20 25.66 5.89 13.88 17.23
CASH FLOW ADEQUACY RATIO 0.61 1.56 0.71 3.50 2.02 -0.06 0.69 0.72
Fauji Fertilizers | Internal Ratio Analysis 41
Times Interest Earned:
The times interest earned increased in the last few years. This tells that the company was
covering their interest expense almost 14 times in a year which is good. The reason for the
increase was mostly due to the increase in operating profit as compared to interest expense.
Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio:
Fauji Fertilizers | Internal Ratio Analysis 42
The fixed charge coverage ratio tells how better the company is good in managing the interest
expense from the cash flow from operations. This ratio increased not only because of the
increase in cash generated from operations but also because of the reduction in interest expense.
Cash Coverage:
The cash coverage was also very good. The company improved very much too almost 17 times
to pay the interest paid by the company. So this tells that the company’s ability of the firm to
cover its interest payment on taxes by cash improved very much.
Fauji Fertilizers | Internal Ratio Analysis 43
Cash Flow Adequacy Ratio:
The cash flow adequacy ratio was just satisfactory as which tells that the company was just not
able to pay dividends, capital expenditure and debt repayments from the cash generated by their
operations.
PROFTABILITY RATIO
PROFTABILITY RATIO
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
GPM 46.90% 39.78% 34.86% 37.43% 35.71% 32.42% 35.59% 40.40%
OPM 38.37% 31.09% 26.06% 29.02% 26.40% 23.24% 27.08% 31.67%
NPM 26.74% 18.31% 14.95% 19.04% 19.22% 15.48% 18.86% 21.33%
CASH FLOW MARGIN 15.33% 28.15% 9.64% 36.02% 24.24% -1.32% 20.80% 26.69%
ROE 33.72% 28.56% 27.29% 32.57% 39.36% 35.78% 42.11% 53.11%
ROA 32.91% 18.53% 20.14% 23.08% 23.65% 25.38% 26.33% 30.36%
Fauji Fertilizers | Internal Ratio Analysis 44
GPM:
The company’s GPM rose to much greater percentage year after year over the last six years. The
biggest reason for this was mostly due to the increased profit as compared to the increase in
sales. The most reason is mostly due to that the most of the expense reduced over the last two
years.
OPM:
Fauji Fertilizers | Internal Ratio Analysis 45
The operating profit also rose to much greater percentage over the last six years. The major
reason for this was mostly due to the amplified profit as compared to the increase in sales. The
most reason for this is same which is mostly due to that the most of the expense reduced over the
last two to three years.
NPM:
The net profit margin also rose over the past few years. The reason for this is mostly because of
reduction in cost of sales and distribution expense. So overall the company did very well in
managing and improving their almost all their profits by a much better percentage.
Fauji Fertilizers | Internal Ratio Analysis 46
Cash Flow Margin:
This particular ratio also improved especially over the last two years or so and this trend is
continuing. The sales were increasing in much proportion as compared to cash flow generated
from operations so this ratio does not seems to be increasing that much as compared to other
ratios.
ROE:
Fauji Fertilizers | Internal Ratio Analysis 47
This particular ratio also increased to a much greater portion as with the other profitability ratios.
One reason was same as the increase in net income over the last four years or so and also a
decline in the shareholder’s equity section. Roe measures a firm's efficiency at generating profits
from every unit of shareholders' equity. The company’s ROE shows how well a company uses
investment funds to generate earnings growth.
ROA:
This ratio also improved over all the past years but not that much because of the increase in total
assets and the operating profit did not rose that much as the total assets. This ratio is a useful
number for comparing competing companies in the same industry. Return on assets is an
indicator of how profitable a company is before leverage, and is compared with companies in the
same industry.
Fauji Fertilizers | Internal Ratio Analysis 48
MARKET RATIO
MARKET RATIO
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
EPS 12.49 11.98 12.26 8.11 9.92 9.39 10.86 13.22
DPS 9.44 8.48 8.81 7.63 9.84 7.63 12.11 14.24
DIVIDEND PAYOUT 76% 71% 72% 94% 99% 81% 112% 108%
EPS:
Earnings per share (EPS) are the earnings returned on the initial investment amount. The EPS as
it is clear from the above chart that this ratio improved over the last five years or so and still
continuing as far seen the position of the company.
Fauji Fertilizers | Internal Ratio Analysis 49
DPS:
Dividends Per share also rose to very greater proportion in percentage over the last three years
but this is a good improvement especially after year 2003 from which the dividend percentage
rose.
Dividend Payout:
The dividend payout ratio also raised much from year 2003 and until now it was still rising
which tells how much better the company is giving their Dividend over earnings per share. The
trend from the chart seems to be reasonable and the investors will be happy from the company so
as the management of the company because year after year they have been earning profits and
increasing every year.
Fauji Fertilizers | Internal Ratio Analysis 50
External Ratio Analysis
LIQUIDITY RATIO
LIQUIDITY RATIO 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008CURRENT RATIO 2.34 1.04 1.03 1.09 0.91 0.90 0.94 0.82Sectorial Average 1.62 2.94 2.09 2.15 1.99 1.27 2.09 1.91QUICK RATIO 2.19 0.97 0.95 1.06 0.86 0.81 0.89 0.80Sectorial Average 1.45 2.72 1.90 2.01 1.67 1.08 1.81 1.59CASH FLOW LIQUIDITY RATIO 1.88 1.04 0.70 1.49 1.07 0.34 0.90 1.07Sectorial Average 1.28 2.67 1.71 1.76 1.50 0.88 1.49 1.09AVERAGE COLLECTION PERIOD 26.82 30.46 32.56 24.44 9.45 11.72 22.12 5.92Sectorial Average 25.37 26.73 40.54 32.76 17.97 14.21 21.71 4.28AVERAGE INVENTORY DAYS 35.24 22.78 18.15 6.08 12.49 17.18 12.81 5.17Sectorial Average 38.97 35.89 23.77 17.45 32.73 31.83 53.75 48.08PAYABLE DAYS 89.55 102.14 89.43 161.76 150.12 72.59 115.91 119.97Sectorial Average 64.647 58.339 84.203 89.511 95.178 67.831 83.748 72.044
If we compare the liquidity ratio of this company with the fertilizer sector we see that the current
ratio during the last six years is been 50 percent of the sector which means that the company is
way behind the industry average.
Fauji Fertilizers | External Ratio Analysis 51
But this is not only with the current ratio the past performance of quick ratio is also the same its
trend was also 50 percent during the last six years or so. So both the current ratio and the quick
ratio seem to lag behind the industry average. As far the position of the company the
management should also take some steps to match the industry average so they can lead in every
term in Pakistan.
Fauji Fertilizers | External Ratio Analysis 52
From the cash flow liquidity ratio we can say that the company did very well specially over in
the year 2008 to match with the industry average. Since this ratio cash flow liquidity ratio is the
best measure of the liquidity of the company. The company did well to at least come towards the
industry level.
The average collection period also seems to be very good of the FFC’s which from the graph is
visible that the company is meeting the industry average and also competing which is very good
for the organization which tells that the company is very good in receivables collection.
Fauji Fertilizers | External Ratio Analysis 53
But in the average inventory days the company lags behinds very much as compared to the
industry average. In the early 90’s the company was good but later on the company lag behind
the industry average by more than 50 percent which is not good especially over the last two
years.
In the payable days the company led from the front and from the above chart it is clear that the
company was way better than the industry average which is very good. So after watching all the
liquidity ratios performance the company was fine overall in which they performed well with the
industry average but they should try to improve their current and quick ratio as well since there
ratios tells how much risky the company is but company position is so good that they should not
be doing things like because they are already leading.
Fauji Fertilizers | External Ratio Analysis 54
TURNOVER/EFFICIENCY RATIO
TURNOVER/EFFICIENCY RATIO 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008RECEIVABLE TURNOVER 13.61 11.98 11.21 14.94 38.62 31.15 16.50 61.69Sectorial Average 16.36 23.00 11.28 17.97 33.15 39.33 23.67 88.76INVENTORY TURNOVER 10.36 16.03 20.11 60.03 29.23 21.24 28.49 70.65Sectorial Average 10.18 11.84 16.20 29.72 15.68 13.37 14.44 23.16PAYABLE TURNOVER 4.08 3.57 4.08 2.26 2.43 5.03 3.15 3.04Sectorial Average 7.36 7.02 9.12 10.73 7.56 9.69 12.51 14.33FIXED ASSET TURNOVER 7.93 1.79 2.34 2.29 2.77 3.12 2.74 2.40Sectorial Average 4.25 3.18 2.84 2.41 2.63 2.17 2.05 2.48TOTAL ASSET TURNOVER 0.86 0.60 0.77 0.80 0.90 1.09 0.97 0.96Sectorial Average 0.625 0.5302 0.5792 0.6263 0.757 0.7409 0.5428 0.5513
From the receivable turnover it is clear that over the last eight years the company performed very
well to meet the industry average which is god for the company as they led and matched the
industry average most of the time.
Fauji Fertilizers | External Ratio Analysis 55
The inventory turnover for the company from the last four years was not that good. The company
should make some efficient steps in order to better maintain their inventory as well as come at
least to the industry average because the ratios like inventory turnover should be better and
should meet the industry average.
The payable turnover of the company was good as compared to the industry average. The
company led from the front and from the above chart it is clear that the company was way better
than the industry average which is very good.
Fauji Fertilizers | External Ratio Analysis 56
This particular ratio was meeting the industry average over the last 7 years which tells how better
and efficient is the company is managing their fixed assets. That is a good achievement to at least
maintain from several years to the industry average.
The total asset turnover of the company was a bit higher as compared to the industry average. So
after seeing the turnover ratios we can conclude that the company mostly did very well in not
only meeting the industry average but also maintaining from couple of years which is not good
Fauji Fertilizers | External Ratio Analysis 57
especially in Pakistan to show some consistent performance as far as the economy and condition
of Pakistan from some two to three years.
SOLVENCY/LEVERAGE RATIO
SOLVENCY/LEVERAGE RATIO 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008DEBT RATIO 32% 62% 58% 54% 56% 53% 56% 62%Sectorial Average 27% 54% 53% 52% 50% 51% 55% 58%LTD TO CAPITALIZATION 2% 11% 6% 19% 7% 8% 17% 30%Sectorial Average 13% 30% 25% 25% 21% 17% 33% 36%DEBT TO EQUITY 47% 162% 136% 115% 129% 112% 130% 160%Sectorial Average 92% 136% 110% 91% 92% 79% 122% 129%
The debt ratio of the company seems to meet the industry average and fractionally over the
industry average. The percentage increased in a percentage in as compared from the last five
years. This tells that the company increased their debt as compared to total assets. But the
industry average is almost the same as the FFC’s so it seems that the company is meeting the
average industry.
Fauji Fertilizers | External Ratio Analysis 58
The LTD to capitalization of the company is less than the industry average over the last eight
years. This tells the company increased the long term debts in permanent financing of the firm
but they kept this ratio a bit less than the industry average.
Fauji Fertilizers | External Ratio Analysis 59
The debt to equity show the capital structure of the company which is more debt financed than
equity financed and the company was bit forward as compared to the industry average over the
last seven years.
COVERAGE RATIO
COVERAGE RATIO 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008TIMES INTEREST EARNED 16.70 7.81 10.53 16.36 20.64 13.89 10.94 13.93Sectorial Average 20.16 5.93 11.53 15.58 11.56 7.77 6.22 4.92FIXED CHARGE COVERAGE RATIO 6.67 7.07 3.89 20.31 18.95 -0.79 8.40 11.74Sectorial Average 23.31 8.30 27.25 13.43 13.23 4.96 8.29 7.50CASH FLOW ADEQUACY RATIO 0.61 1.56 0.71 3.50 2.02 -0.06 0.69 0.72Sectorial Average 0.76 1.12 0.76 1.52 1.05 0.25 0.25 1.22
Fauji Fertilizers | External Ratio Analysis 60
The time interest earned of the company is way better than the industry average. This tells that
the company was covering their interest expense almost better than the industry average which is
very good for the company to not only matching industry requirements but also exceeding their
levels.
The fixed charge coverage ratio tells how better the company is good in managing the interest
expense from the cash flow from operations. As compared to the industry average they are quiet
competent as they are meeting the industry average.
Fauji Fertilizers | External Ratio Analysis 61
The cash flow adequacy ratio of the company was comparable to the industry average. The cash
flow adequacy ratio was just satisfactory as which tells that the company was just not able to pay
dividends, capital expenditure and debt repayments from the cash generated by their operations.
PROFTABILITY RATIO
PROFTABILITY RATIO 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008GPM 46.90% 39.78% 34.86% 37.43% 35.71% 32.42% 35.59% 40.40%Sectorial Average 30.10% 33.64% 31.16% 30.43% 31.85% 30.53% 33.34% 34.90%OPM 38.37% 31.09% 26.06% 29.02% 26.40% 23.24% 27.08% 31.67%Sectorial Average 17.53% 23.85% 21.69% 22.53% 23.84% 22.02% 25.54% 27.78%NPM 26.74% 18.31% 14.95% 19.04% 19.22% 15.48% 18.86% 21.33%Sectorial Average 2.25% 21.39% 24.30% 23.39% 34.07% 24.87% 63.86% 22.90%CASH FLOW MARGIN 15.33% 28.15% 9.64% 36.02% 24.24% -1.32% 20.80% 26.69%Sectorial Average 12.19% 15.65% 19.96% 21.88% 19.88% 6.86% 14.07% 3.42%ROE 33.72% 28.56% 27.29% 32.57% 39.36% 35.78% 42.11% 53.11%Sectorial Average 9.49% 12.49% 12.81% 12.91% 17.65% 15.30% 19.17% 13.68%ROA 32.91% 18.53% 20.14% 23.08% 23.65% 25.38% 26.33% 30.36%Sectorial Average 18% 24% 24% 25% 33% 28% 37% 29%
Fauji Fertilizers | External Ratio Analysis 62
The company’s GPM rose to much greater percentage year after year over the last six years. This
tells that all the year the company was ahead of the industry average and enjoying profit every
year more than the industry average.
The operating profit was also high This tells that all the year the company was ahead of the
industry average and enjoying profit every year more than the industry average. The operating
profit also rose to much greater percentage over the last six years.
Fauji Fertilizers | External Ratio Analysis 63
The net profit margin also rose over the past few years more than the industry average except
year 2007 in which the industry made more use of it but overall the industry was inconsistent in
performance and maintaining their NPM. The net profit margin also rose over the past few years.
The reason for this is mostly because of reduction in cost of sales and distribution expense. So
overall the company did very well in managing and improving their almost all their profits by a
much better percentage.
Fauji Fertilizers | External Ratio Analysis 64
This particular ratio also improved especially over the last two years or so and this trend is
continuing and it is still better mostly all over the years if compared to the industry average.
This particular ratio also increased to a much greater portion as with the other profitability ratios.
The company also led all the last eight years from the front and really exceeded the industry
average by quiet a big margin which is not easy to do when your competitors are not that bad.
Fauji Fertilizers | External Ratio Analysis 65
ROA also kept and maintained the industry average which was good for the company which
showed how consistent they were in meeting and mostly exceeding in maintaining the
profitability of the company as compared to the industry during the last eight years or so.
MARKET RATIO
MARKET RATIO 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008EPS 12.49 11.98 12.26 8.11 9.92 9.39 10.86 13.22Sectorial Average 11.46 14.87 18.36 17.36 28.25 24.67 51.14 31.58DIVIDEND PAYOUT 76% 71% 72% 94% 99% 81% 112% 108%Sectorial Average 82.48% 85.94% 65.29% 64.24% 64.04% 61.82% 44.99% 43.37%
Fauji Fertilizers | External Ratio Analysis 66
EPS of the company was not that good as compared to the industry average which tells that they
were not earnings on returned on the initial investment amount. Earnings per share (EPS) are the
earnings returned on the initial investment amount. The EPS as it is clear from the above chart
that this ratio improved over the last five years or so and still continuing as far seen the position
of the company.
The dividend payout ratio also quiet high over all the years as compared to the industry average.
The dividend payout ratio also raised much from year 2004 and until now it was still rising
which tells how much better the company is giving their Dividend over earnings per share. The
trend from the chart seems to be reasonable and the investors will be happy from the company so
as the management of the company because year after year they have been earning profits and
increasing every year.
Fauji Fertilizers | External Ratio Analysis 67
DuPont Return on Equity
Five Component Disaggregation
Profitability Turnover Solvency ROE
Taxes Financing Operations
N.I/EBT EBT/EBIT EBIT/Sales N.I/Sales Sales/Avg.T.A N.I/Avg.
T.A
Avg. T.A/Avg.
S.E
N.I/Avg.
S.E
2001
0.64 1.09 38.37% 26.74% 0.57 15.21% 2.22 33.72%
2002
0.64 0.93 31.09% 18.31% 0.80 14.59% 1.96 28.56%
2003
0.64 0.90 26.06% 14.95% 0.76 11.35% 2.40 27.29%
2004
0.66 1.00 29.02% 19.04% 0.78 14.92% 2.18 32.57%
2005
0.68 1.07 26.40% 19.22% 0.93 17.84% 2.21 39.36%
2006
0.66 1.00 23.24% 15.48% 1.07 16.59% 2.16 35.78%
2007
0.69 1.02 27.08% 18.86% 1.00 18.92% 2.23 42.11%
2008
0.65 1.04 31.67% 21.33% 1.00 21.34% 2.49 53.11%
The Du Pont identity breaks down Return on Equity five distinct elements. The return on equity
(ROE) ratio is a measure of the rate of return to stockholders. From the above table it is clear
from the above DuPont analysis that over the past few years the return on equity section of the
company rose very much.
We see the N.I/EBT column over the last eight years remained consistent and the same was with
the EBT/EBIT section and we did not see much bigger changes in this column as well. If we now
talk about EBIT/Sales and N.I/Sales this section was sound as well as it is clear from the above
table that overall the last eight years the company did well in maintaining it as well.
Fauji Fertilizers | DuPont Return on Equity 68
Although the Sales/Avg. totals assets section we saw changes but they also became to better
position during the last few years. The N.I/Avg. T.A, Avg. T.A/Avg. S.E we also see that there
was no problem in these two columns as well they were consistent and became better and better
over the last two years especially. So the DuPont analysis of this company tells us the company
is very good in all kinds of distinct elements and this tells how better the company is.
Insight for Investors & Creditors
Looking at Pakistan's corporate earnings over the past year and the story they tell for the future
leaves investors with a lot left to hope for. Most sectors of the economy proved disappointing for
shareholders, with some sectors being completely inactive. Amidst such a market, however, the
fertilizer sector has shown stable and consistent results; with the key players performing
extremely well in terms of profitability and being spurred on by racing demand.
The government is likely to keep input costs low for some time to come because local
manufacturers are determined to pass on all such increases to consumers. This will preserve the
industry's growth, expansion and move towards self-sufficiency; the entry barriers for new firms
have already been discussed.
This sector has offered excellent shareholder returns and demand is still on the rise as
manufacturers expand aggressively to accommodate this increase. So it is probably fair to
conclude that the industry has sound fundamentals and significant potential for the future.
A particularly bright spot for the sector is the capacity for the export of fertilizer; if investors are
worried about over-supply in the next few years, both India and China are the world's largest
urea importers, and other markets such as Iran, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Thailand are also not
too far away.
Fauji Fertilizers | Insight for Investors & Creditors 69
Future Projections
FFC has progressed remarkably from its inception in 1978 till to date. Three projects in a Span of
less than 20 years have been set up. Each of these have incurred an investment of Over 300
million US$ amounting to one of the largest investments in Pakistan. This Performance record is
considered unparalleled in the country and matches high standards anywhere in the world. At
this point in time, the company is preparing to harmonize itself with new century. Building on
the foundations of the last 20 years, the company is confident to take on the new challenges.
FFC’s vision for the 21st century looks for diversification and establishing projects beyond the
territorial limits of the country in collaboration with world famous international industrial
holdings. The list of different projects that are being evaluated at present are:
Oil Refinery
Paper Mill Project
Software Development House
Off-Shore Fertilizer Complex
Mineral Acid Production
Petrochemical
refurbish of existing FFC facilities
Fauji Fertilizers | Future Projections 70
Problems & their proposed solutions with the firm
During the peak demand period the three urea manufacturers, Engro, Fauji and Pak Saudi, face
serious logistic problems. This include availability of trucks and railway wagons, heavy traffic
and frequent traffic jams on National Highway as all these units are located within a radius of
100 kilometers. The manufacturers have been demanding, for a long time, of the government to
expand the roads but the problem still persists.
Size of the company is very large which produces administrative problems. The company should
focus on this particular problem because if this one is improved the company will improve more
financially.
There are new competitors in the industry. Adding some new unit can enhance the production
capacity of the plants. Company is in a position to set up a new plant in the country. Having a
strong financial position company can start production of the new product line.
No availability of railway wagons. The company should take some steps with the government in
order to improve their distribution and reduce their expense more as they are doing it without it.
There is an unstable use of fertilizer.
Due to rising demand the company is importing urea instead of producing. The company should
try to increase their capacity by adding more units. Adding some new unit can enhance the
production capacity of the plants. Having a strong financial position company can start
Fauji Fertilizers | Problems & their proposed solutions with the firm 71
production of the new product line. If FFC decides for the export of Urea it can earn much better
revenues. Availability of natural gas from Iran can help setting up a new Urea plant in that
vicinity and thus meeting the demand of Urea in the country at cheap Rates.
There is a phenomenal increase in the prices of basic feedstock’s. Of this problem there is no
such solution because since there is a lot of global disorder going all over the world this
particular effect will be solved later.
There is a difficult coexistence between public and private fertilizer producer/importer.
Future fertilizer demand the company’s position is so better that they should try to add more
units as the company is financially very strong. Company is having strong dealer network all
over country that helps in proper availability even in far-flung areas.FFC has developed a well
planned network of 170 field warehouses to ensure that fertilizers is available to the farmers
uninterrupted.
Fauji Fertilizers | Problems & their proposed solutions with the firm 72
References
http://www.ffc.com.pk/contents/annualrep.htm
http://www.google.com.pk
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPS
http://www.kse.com.pk/market-data/history_by_date.php?id=1&sid=1.20
http://www.sbp.org.pk/
http://www.brecorder.com/
Fauji Fertilizers | References 73
Appendix
Internal Ratios of the Company
LIQUIDITY RATIO
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008CURRENT RATIO 2.34 1.04 1.03 1.09 0.91 0.90 0.94 0.82QUICK RATIO 2.19 0.97 0.95 1.06 0.86 0.81 0.89 0.80CASH FLOW LIQUIDITY RATIO 1.88 1.04 0.70 1.49 1.07 0.34 0.90 1.07AVERAGE COLLECTION PERIOD 26.82 30.46 32.56 24.44 9.45 11.72 22.12 5.92AVERAGE INVENTORY DAYS 35.24 22.78 18.15 6.08 12.49 17.18 12.81 5.17PAYABLE DAYS 89.55 102.14 89.43 161.76 150.12 72.59 115.91 119.97
TURNOVER/EFFICIENCY RATIO2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
RECEIVABLE TURNOVER 13.61 11.98 11.21 14.94 38.62 31.15 16.50 61.69INVENTORY TURNOVER 10.36 16.03 20.11 60.03 29.23 21.24 28.49 70.65PAYABLE TURNOVER 4.08 3.57 4.08 2.26 2.43 5.03 3.15 3.04FIXED ASSET TURNOVER 7.93 1.79 2.34 2.29 2.77 3.12 2.74 2.40TOTAL ASSET TURNOVER 0.86 0.60 0.77 0.80 0.90 1.09 0.97 0.96
SOLVENCY/LEVERAGE RATIO2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
DEBT RATIO 32% 62% 58% 54% 56% 53% 56% 62%LTD TO CAPITALIZATION 2% 11% 6% 19% 7% 8% 17% 30%DEBT TO EQUITY 47% 162% 136% 115% 129% 112% 130% 160%
Fauji Fertilizers | Appendix 74
COVERAGE RATIO2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
TIMES INTEREST EARNED 16.70 7.81 10.53 16.36 20.64 13.89 10.94 13.93FIXED CHARGE COVERAGE RATIO
6.67 7.07 3.89 20.31 18.95 -0.79 8.40 11.74
CASH COVERAGE 13.81 12.39 9.43 24.20 25.66 5.89 13.88 17.23CASH FLOW ADEQUACY RATIO 0.61 1.56 0.71 3.50 2.02 -0.06 0.69 0.72
PROFTABILITY RATIO2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
GPM 46.90% 39.78% 34.86% 37.43% 35.71% 32.42% 35.59% 40.40%OPM 38.37% 31.09% 26.06% 29.02% 26.40% 23.24% 27.08% 31.67%NPM 26.74% 18.31% 14.95% 19.04% 19.22% 15.48% 18.86% 21.33%CASH FLOW MARGIN 15.33% 28.15% 9.64% 36.02% 24.24% -1.32% 20.80% 26.69%ROE 33.72% 28.56% 27.29% 32.57% 39.36% 35.78% 42.11% 53.11%ROA 32.91% 18.53% 20.14% 23.08% 23.65% 25.38% 26.33% 30.36%
MARKET RATIO2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
EPS 12.49 11.98 12.26 8.11 9.92 9.39 10.86 13.22DPS 9.44 8.48 8.81 7.63 9.84 7.63 12.11 14.24DIVIDEND PAYOUT 76% 71% 72% 94% 99% 81% 112% 108%
Fauji Fertilizers | Appendix 75
External Ratios for Industry Average
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
LIQUIDITYCurrent Ratio 1.62 2.94 2.09 2.15 1.99 1.27 2.09 1.91Quick Ratio 1.45 2.72 1.90 2.01 1.67 1.08 1.81 1.59Cash Flow Liquidity Ratio 1.28 2.67 1.71 1.76 1.50 0.88 1.49 1.09Average Collection Period 25.37 26.73 40.54 32.76 17.97 14.21 21.71 4.28Average Inventory Days 38.97 35.89 23.77 17.45 32.73 31.83 53.75 48.08Average Payable Days 64.65 58.34 84.20 89.51 95.18 67.83 83.75 72.04
TURNOVER/EFFICIENCYReceivables Turnover 16.36 23.00 11.28 17.97 33.15 39.33 23.67 88.76Inventory Turnover 10.18 11.84 16.20 29.72 15.68 13.37 14.44 23.16Payable Turnover 7.36 7.02 9.12 10.73 7.56 9.69 12.51 14.33Fixed Asset Turnover 4.25 3.18 2.84 2.41 2.63 2.17 2.05 2.48Total Asset Turnover 0.63 0.53 0.58 0.63 0.76 0.74 0.54 0.55
SOLVENCY/LEVERAGEDebt Ratio 27.28% 54.00% 53.17% 51.83% 49.85% 51.48% 55.49% 58.25%Long Term Debt To Capitalization
12.88% 30.01% 25.18% 24.76% 20.86% 16.89% 33.47% 36.16%
Debt To Equity Ratio 92.07% 135.56% 109.79% 91.43% 92.33% 79.42% 121.75% 129.36%
COVERAGE Times Interest Earned 20.16 5.93 11.53 15.58 11.56 7.77 6.22 4.92Cash Coverage Ratio 23.31 8.30 27.25 13.43 13.23 4.96 8.29 7.50Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio 23.88 486.61 14.67 14.10 11.52 0.57 5.24 4.36Cash Flow Adequacy Ratio 0.76 1.12 0.76 1.52 1.05 0.25 0.25 1.22
PROFTABILITY
Fauji Fertilizers | Appendix 76
Gross Profit Margin 30.10% 33.64% 31.16% 30.43% 31.85% 30.53% 33.34% 34.90%Operating Margin 17.53% 23.85% 21.69% 22.53% 23.84% 22.02% 25.54% 27.78%Net Profit Margin 2.25% 21.39% 24.30% 23.39% 34.07% 24.87% 63.86% 22.90%Cash Flow Margin 12.19% 15.65% 19.96% 21.88% 19.88% 6.86% 14.07% 3.42%Return On Asset 9.49% 12.49% 12.81% 12.91% 17.65% 15.30% 19.17% 13.68%Return On Equity 17.71% 24.30% 24.10% 24.62% 33.29% 28.44% 36.50% 29.20%Cash Return On Asset 8.50% 8.36% 10.39% 8.88% 8.31% 8.98% 7.30% -2.89%
MARKET Earnings Per Share 11.46 14.87 18.36 17.36 28.25 24.67 51.14 31.58Price to Earning 4.12 7.00 9.24 10.60 8.46 8.69 7.58 4.86Dividend Payout 82.48% 85.94% 65.29% 64.24% 64.04% 61.82% 44.99% 43.37%Dividend Yield 12.75% 7.30% 7.10% 29.97% 5.01% 16.19% 1.68% 3.60%
Fauji Fertilizers | Appendix 77