Fates of end‐‐of‐‐life concrete and · Fates of end‐‐of‐‐life concrete and their...

Fates of end‐of‐life concrete andFates of end‐of‐life concrete and their economic implications

Mingming HuSESSION 5A: Workshop on Demolition Waste Recycling, 13th Mar. 2012, Philadelphia, PA, USAS SS O 5 o s op o e o t o aste ecyc g, 3 a 0 , ade p a, , US

Leiden University. The university to discover.

THE PROBLEMWhere will EOL concrete go?

THE PROBLEM


NL – as a recycling society32Mt2021C&DW95% rec.Mt/y

20

2524Mt, 2006C&DW95% recycled

95% rec.

Landfill

Incineration

Reuse22Mt2025

15

Reuse 2025EOL concrete

10Mt-> Road12Mt->?????

5

1010.5Mt, 2003EOL concrete97%-> Road constr.3%-> Concrete prod.

01985 1990 1995 1997 1998* 1999* 2000* 2001*


Generation and disposal of C&D waste and EOL concrete in NL(Source: EDC 2002; VROM 2008; ICE 2003 )

DISMANTLING & DEMOLITIONDISMANTLING & DEMOLITIONWill EOL concrete affect recycling?Will EOL concrete affect recycling?

DISMANTLING & DEMOLITIONDISMANTLING & DEMOLITION


C2CA case study

KB2

KB6


brick

metal4%

others 4%

5%

Tower

concrete87%

6,525m2 GFA14,211 t CDW6,525m2 GFA14,211 t CDW

Ground

,,


P4.Dismantling & Demolition processesOn sitebreaker

P1.Removal of

asbestos

P2.Dismantling

P3.Demolition

Steel recycling

(++)

asbestos

P5P5.Clean EoLconcrete

Roof felt recycling

(---)

Gypsum recycling

(--)

C&DW mix recycling

(--)

Asbestos to Landfill

(---)

Wood recycling

(-)

Plastic recycling

(-)

Steel recycling

(++)

Steel recycling

(++)


Dismantlingg

Cost items: Labour Equipment + Energy


Cost items: Labour Equipment + Energy

Roof felt Gypsum Plastics Wood

CDW mix Ferrous and non-ferrous


Cost items: Waste management Benefit item: metals

DemolitionDemolition

Leiden University. The university to discover.Cost items: Cost items: Equipment + Energy LabourEquipment + Energy Labour

Clean concreteClean concrete BrickBrick--concrete mixconcrete mix

OnOn--site breakersite breaker


COST PROFIT A) dismantling

per t CDW €88,200 6.2 €/t capital goods(1) 2€/t

(2)

E) metals(6)

per t CDW€138,843 10 €/t

energy(2) 0.6€/t labour(3) 3.6€/t

B) demolition €186 032 F) concrete(7) x €/t * 12 357tB) demolition per t CDW

€186,03213 €/t capital goods 7.1€/t

energy 1.6€/t labour 4.3€/t

F) concreteper t CDW

x €/t 12,357t0.9x €/t

C) waste management(4)

per t CDW €38,499 3 €/t

D) company management(5) €37,528) p y gD=12%*(A+B+C) per t CDW

,2.6 €/t

Total Cost per t CDW

€350,259 25 €/t

Total Profitper t CDW

€138,843 + 12,357x 10+0.9x €/t

(1) initial cost of equipment (bobcat, wire crane, sorting crane, excavator, etc.)(2) diesel consumption cost; dismantling equipment uses red diesel (1.07 €/l, tax excl.)(3) machinist 27 €/phour, dismantler 22 €/phour(4) f ( €/ f f l €/ €/ d €/ )

14,211 t CDW14,211 t CDW


(4) cost for waste treatment (CDW mix 90 €/t, roofing felt 170 €/t, gypsum 55 €/t, wood 25 €/t etc.)(5) 12% of direct cost, including 2% of overhead, 5% of management and 5% of profit & loss(6) sales of recycled ferrous 200 €/t, non-ferrous 1000 €/t(7) x denotes the market value of 1 t of EOL concrete (12,357 t); bricks (720 t) are buried on-site for free

Road BaseAggregate

Fines toLandfill

2010 base flow

2020 surplus flow

Dry-for-Road

+ -

EOL concrete on siteX = -8 ~ 4 €/t

Dismantling & Demolition

EoL ConcreteBuilding

ConcreteBreaker

ConcreteAggregate

Sludge toLandfill

Wet-for-Concrete

+/

+/--

Hazard ResuableWaste to Landfill/

IncinerationConcrete

A tFines to

kil

Point 1:Recycling vs. Not Recycling

ADR-for-Concrete&Clinker

Point 2:Exist Technologyvs. Innovation

+++ - -+/-

-- - +

-

-

Incineration Aggregate kilnPoint 3:Which ADR?

2011 ADR(I) ++ -

2012 ADR(II) +++ +/-1. The profit driver is metal. 2013 ADR(III) +++ ++

ConcreteAggregate

Cement

Thermic-for-Concrete&Cement2. Even EOL concrete will be less profitable, good dismantling continues.

+++ +3. If concrete recycling becomes costly, waste

management will increase significantly. However, EOL concrete will not be


deliberately mixed into other wastes due to 10 times more expensive disposal fee.

FATES FOR EOL CONCRETEIs innovation needed?

FATES FOR EOL CONCRETE


[Wet route] COST PROFIT % of

throughput

Transport 2.5 €/t 100%

Breaker 2.5 €/t 100%

Washing 9 €/t 90% Residue 120 €/t 2%

Bre

aker

0-4mm 0 €/t 10% 4-32mm 11 €/t 88% Ferrous 1.5 €/t 100%

Total 15.5 €/t 11.2 €/t

[ADR route] COST PROFIT % of

th h t throughput

Transport 2.5 €/t 100%

Breaker 2.5 €/t 100%

ADR 2 5 €/t 50%ADR 2.5 €/t 50%

0-1mm, transport 2.5 €/t 20%

0-1mm, gate fee 0 €/t 20%

1-16mm 11 €/t 30%


16-32mm 11 €/t 50% Ferrous 1.5 €/t 100% Total 6.75 €/t 10.3 €/t

1. Need innovation.

2. Current wet process creates negative value, ADR can make it positive.

3 M bil ADR k li


3. Mobile ADR may make recycling more profitable than down-cycling.

QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS? QUESTIONS?

Mingming Hu

[email protected]; [email protected] University, NL; Chongqing University, CN

Acknowledge:This presentation is a realized thank to the financial support of the European Commission in theframework of the FP7 Collaborative project "Advanced Technologies for the Production of


framework of the FP7 Collaborative project Advanced Technologies for the Production ofCement and Clean Aggregates from Construction and Demolition Waste (C2CA)". GrantAgreement No 265189.

Fates of end‐‐of‐‐life concrete and · Fates of end‐‐of‐‐life concrete and their...

Documents

Transcript of Fates of end‐‐of‐‐life concrete and · Fates of end‐‐of‐‐life concrete and their...