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"Fascism did not even what he has achieved capitalism"

"Even Fascism got what capitalism has achieved" the historian Josep Fontana reviews the evolution of the West since the end of World War II 'For the good of the empire "and concludes that this crisis is the result of neoliberalism unleashed for 40 years Today is an important day for questioning. Why are the rights of workers have been on tenterhooks for the past four

years? What happened in the last 50 years in the world? What happened to fair distribution and social cohesion? Is this economic crisis is an isolated occurrence or the consequence of unbridled rapacious attitude or rules? How have conquered the richest sovereignty? It is a convenient day to throw all matters of history, waiting for a rebound lucidez.Es easy to trust the skills of history to clarify this, if he is Josep Fontana lights (Barcelona, 1931). From the first page ofFor the good of the empire. A world history since 1945 (just released by the publisher Past and Present) the author recognizes that the work, which has spent the last 15 years, has its origin in the frustration of not achieving a better world the false promises that his 14 years with the World War II ended, they had been released. "We ensured, among other things, all men of all countries free existence without fear and poverty. When you have already served 70 years on those p

romises, frustration can not be greater," says this historian, teacher of historians , entenderel essential reference for nineteenth century and now the twentieth Six decades later, Germany again dominate Europe and the United States sees China threatens their hegemony. Why a nineteenth century historian analyzes the events of the second half of the twentieth century and includes in this dramaticstudy of nearly 1,300 pages, the last hour of this economic crisis? "For a historian, the first thing to do is be open, and interested me much more than the nineteenth century. When I started writing the book, teaching at the University mundocontemporneo was very low and rather poor. I wondered what ticipated had to what was then promised to be a bright future no fruit set, "says this peridico.Reconoce that the crisis of 2008 opened the eyes of many, because they understood that" it was a phenomenon of a much larger scale. " So added to read several newspapers a day is necessary to understand the world you live. "How can you understand the nineteenth century if you do not understand today's world?". "Since the seventies we lived an involution, which broke with the evolution that began with the crisis of the thirty," he says. "Much of the social concessions were achieved

by the dominant groups fear that massive popular unrest provoked a revolutionary threat to tear down the system," describes Fontana. "It's been 70 years of the

promises of World War II and today there is only frustration, "" From the seventies, the rich lose their fear. And today, what revolution will fear the bankers? have lost their fear, and trigger global impoverishment and enrichment of their group. Because it is unequal crisis, which affects only the poorest, "he says.

To demonstrate this point to the benefits achieved by groups such as Citigroupor the luxury conglomerate LVMH (Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton "The ruling classes

have always lived with ghosts: the Jacobins, the Carbonari, the Freemasons, ana

rchists, communists. They feared a dark forces that thrived for one day change the world and take away everything. They were ghostly threats, but the fears werereal, "he explains. With those fears workers got government grants, and the rul

ing classes to maintain social order. Elprimero to introduce measures of socialinsurance in Europe was, precisely, Bismarck, with the aim of calming the achievements nimos.Siglo So, for the teacher, the factor that triggers the critical phase, now spanning the welfare state is loss of fear of the ruling classes to a popular revolt. Until the seventies lived allow the momentumti equitable sharing of its fruits and freedoms some progress. "" The model built

in Europe as a result of century of social struggles was destroyed. Fascism didnot even what he has achieved capitalism, "sentencia.La proof is that" there isa time when the threat of revolution and communist subversive and powerful ther

e are no longer understand that threat. "Such intimidation for Fontana, allowedto transform European society from the French Revolution to the seventies of the

twentieth century. Precisely, one of the key ideas of the work of unprecedentedambition in Spanish historiography Esla creation of the economic apparatus of b

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usiness organizations that are come together to stand up to the stirring "The social concessions were achieved by the fear of massive popular discontent and revolutionary" President Jimmy Carter achieved the first victories for the rich, preventing the creation of an agency to protect consumers, " one of the things they most fear, "and prevents unions live with independence with which until then had worked." Democrats are beginning to receive support from employers, previously received money especially the unions, "explains . "With Reagan becomes the first tax cut and the first battles with the unions. Mrs. Margaret Thatcher will fight against the miners' union, "says Elaborating on the idea of social control, he

said that" fascism arose in times when it seemed that the ability of capitalismto continue to maintain internal law and order was failing " . That is, it appe

ars as a stopgap measure against the danger of social breakdown. "Put in some way: Roosevelt's New Deal is an alternative to fascism." Is the fear of fascism left field open for capitalism? "Yes but the things he has done what the covenant.

"resignacin.La Against History is a call to action, the awakening of conscienceas understood by Josep Fontana. claims to have learned from Vicens Vives, who believed that History served "to help make things work." In that sense, Fontana is

a second opportunity for historians in these moments of disorientation. "Havingmissed the certainties of the models that economists like Greenspan, articulate

d the future, we must ask historians what went wrong to mend certainties. "Warning: this function will only happen if you accept its critical function, if not dedicated to" supply the established order with legitimacy, which is what academic historiography has done. "And he complains of the lack of accountability of science:" Since 1945 this part, the historiography has focused on convincing people that any attempt to change social norms leads to disaster, which is an incomparable lesson of resignation. But that's not what history should do, at some point must move toward change. An ounce of sense can help change things. "" You have

to ask historians what went wrong to mend certainty "that gram goes for not creating false hope to keep walking. Fontana prefer to see the situation to call irreversible change. "We must fight against the crisis hypnosis, which suggests that a short term phenomenon, which seremediar. But that has lasted over 40 years and has no easy remedy. The illusion that being frugal will happen is a hoax! When Esperanza Aguirre argues that education can not be free for all during the crisis, not thinking about the future rather than just education who receive pay. The austerity measures will not achieve the five million unemployed in this country go back to find employment, "he says. Draw a picture really hard for the generation that is now 20 and 30," have no future. "The protest is inevitable. But there are differences in these terms: "It's not like May 68. The protesters thenfinished integratingsociety. Protestors today have no possibility of integration. "Of course, it also has words for the movements," fully justified "by global outrage. Although warns that these movements should not become entrenched in the old anti-noise, because" generate fear in the same population. "" The only possibility of change atthis time is in them, only they can make the system re-negotiated to allow a situation a little more fair, as there were between thirty and seventy, to return to the less civilized conditions, "explains convinced.ti equitable sharing of its fruits and freedoms some progress. "" The model built

in Europe as a result of century of social struggles was destroyed. Fascism didnot even what he has achieved capitalism, "sentencia.La proof is that" there isa time when the threat of revolution and communism subversivadel and powerful t

here are no longer understand that threat. "Such intimidation, for Fontana, allowed to transform European society from the French Revolution to the seventies of

the twentieth century. Precisely, ONE of the key ideas of the work of unprecedented ambition in Spanish historiography Esla creation of the economic apparatusof business organizations that combine to stand up to the stirring "The social concessions were achieved by the fear of massive popular discontent and revolutionary" President Jimmy Carter achieved the first victories for the rich, preventi

ng the creation of an agency to protect consumers, "one of things they most fear, "and prevents unions live with independence with which until then had worked."

Democrats are beginning to receive support from employers, previously received

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money especially the unions, "he explains." With Reagan comes the first tax cutand the first battles with the unions. Mrs. Margaret Thatcher will fight against

the miners' union, "says Elaborating on the idea of social control, he said that"fascism arose in times when it seemed that the ability of capitalism to continu

e to maintain internal law and order was failing " . That is, it appears as a stopgap measure against the danger of social breakdown. "Put in some way: Roosevelt's New Deal is an alternative to fascism." Is the fear of fascism left field open for capitalism? "Yes , kettles things it has achieved agreement. "resignacin.La Against History is a call to action, the awakening of conscience as understood

by Josep Fontana. claims to have learned from Vicens Vives, who believed that History served "to help make things work." In that sense, Fontana is a second opportunity for historians in these moments of disorientation. "Having missed the certainties of the models that economists, like Greenspan, articulated the future

, should be asked to historians what went wrong to mend certainties. "Warning:this function will only happen if you accept its critical function, if not dedicated to" supply the established order with legitimacy, which is what has made academic historiography. "And he complains of the lack of accountability of science:" Since 1945 this part, the historiography has focused on convincing people that any attempt to change social norms leads to disaster, which is an incomparabl

e lesson of resignation. But that's not what history should do, at some point must move toward change. An ounce of sense can help change things. "" You have toask historians what went wrong to mend certainty "that gram goes for not creating false hope to keep walking. Fontana prefer to see the situation to call irreversible change. "We must fight against the crisis hypnosis, which suggests that a

short-term phenomenon that will be remedied. But that has lasted over 40 yearsand has no easy remedy. The illusion that being frugal will happen is a hoax! When Esperanza Aguirre argues that education can not be free for all during the crisis, not thinking about the future rather than just education who receive pay.The austerity measures will not achieve the five million unemployed in this country go back to find employment, "he says. Draw a picture really hard for the generation that is now 20 and 30," have no future. "The protest is inevitable. Butthere are differences in these terms: "It's not like May 68. The protesters then

finished integratingsociety. Protestors today have no possibility of integration. "Of course, it also has words for the movements," fully justified "by global outrage. Although warns that these movements should not become entrenched in the old anti-noise, because" generate fear in the same population. "" The only possibility of change atthis time is in them, only make the system ellospueden again allow a situation to negotiate for a fair Pocomam, as there were between thirty and seventy, to return aunas at least civilized conditions, "explains convinced. A left frustratednever begin to understand why a history book was so present. He esperabamucho over Western civilization and that he feels that somehow, we've been ripped off."I come from a left frustrated several times. Frustrated Transition inthis country, because when we were in hiding expecting much more than the type of agreement

that was then, "he says. Among the painful truths that we know from him is thehistory that is not even a continuous process of progress. History can not be used for propaganda purposes, he says. Does the Spanish Biographical Dictionary falls into that category? "The Dictionary is an example of the incompetence of those who tried to mount it and institutions such as the Academia.Lo has left is asample of what the house can give: nonsense. For starters, the project itself is

nonsense. Today it makes no sense to do that. There's no need. It's like makingan encyclopedia, who now makes an encyclopedia? We are in a very different worl

d, "and he continues to monitor and analyze