Sreedhar Patil5/30/2013

Farming in India

Location of India in World Map

States in India

28 states and seven union territories

Bangalore,Karnataka, INDIA

Annual Rainfall in India

Rivers in India

River Ganga in the North India

River Cauvery in the South India

Types of Soil in India

Black Soil

Red Soil

Alluvial Soil

Major Food Crops in IndiaRice

Wheat

Ragi (Millet)

Jowar (Millet)

Major Commercial Crops in India Sugarcane

Cotton

Tea Leaves

Coffee Seeds

Jute

Food grainsWheatRiceJowarRagi and Bajra (millets)Corn

Vegetables

LemonsChickpeasOkraCauliflowersGreen peasPumpkinsPotatoesTomatoesCabbagesOnionsDry beansLimesPigeon peasBrinjal

Fruits

BananaMangoesGuavasSugarcaneGrapesPomegranateJack fruitPapayaMelonsChickooOrangePineappleApple

Nuts

Cashew nutsPeanutArecanutCoconut

Spices

CardamomCinnamonGarlicTurmericGingerDry chilies and peppersCorianderCloves

Seeds and pulses

Sunflower seedsCastor oil seedsPulsesSesame seedsCotton seedLentil (bean)MustardCuminSoybeans

Beverages

TeaCoffee

Major Food Crops in India

Cropping Seasons in IndiaIndia has many growing seasons due to prevalence of high temperature through a long period.

Different crop seasons are:

Kharif: Crops are sown at the beginning of the south-west monsoon (May to July) and harvested at the end of thesouth-west monsoon (September to October).

Important crops: Rice, Jowar, corn, cotton, peanut, sunflower, sugarcane, chilies, onions, tomatoes,pulses, beans, bajra, ragi etc.

Rabi: Crops need relatively cool climate during the period of growth but warm climate during the germination oftheir seed and maturation. Sowing season - October to December. Harvesting season – February to April

Important crops: wheat, barley, gram, mustard, masoor (lentils), peas and potatoes.

Zaid: Certain crops which are being raised throughout the year due to artificial irrigation.

Zaid kharif: sown in August-September and harvested in December-January.

Important crops: rice, jowar, rapeseed (canola), cotton, oilseeds.

Zaid rabi: sown in February-March. Harvesting is in April-May.

Important crops: watermelon, cucumber, leafy and other vegetables.

Cultivation Methods in India

Agriculture vs Horticulture:

What is agriculture? – Oldest method

Agri means field and cultura which means cultivation,

Agriculture is the cultivation of fields for production of food and goodsmono cropping or the mono culture

Example: Rice, wheat, seeds, sugarcane, corn, pulses etc

What is horticulture? – New cultivating method

Hortus means garden and cultura which means cultivation that means plant cultivation.

Small scale enclosed plots using special techniques and is multi-cropping

Example: fruits, berries, nuts, vegetables, flowers, trees, shrubs, and turf

Agriculture

Hoticulture

Canal irrigation:

Perennial canals - Artificial reservoirs or dams across rivers for perennial canals.

Inundation canals - During flood, the extra water flows in the canals rising from the rivers.Such canals are effective only during floods

Tank irrigation: Storage tanks of any sizeIndividuals or groups of farmers by raising bonds across seasonal streams.

Well irrigation: Accessing ground water through wells

Check Basin Method - Rice, Sugarcane etc

Furrows watering - Corn, Jowar, Wheat, seeds, pulses etc

Sprinkler irrigation - Sugarcane, vegetables etc

Drip irrigation - vegetables, plantations, gardens etc

Irrigation Systems in India

Watering methods in India

Canal

Check dam (tank)

Irrigation Systems in IndiaDam

Tank

Canal

Pulley water lifting system from well

Old fashioned water lifting method from wellWatering lifting using pumps

from wells/bore wells

Old fashioned water lifting method from well

Watering lifting using submersible pumps

Watering Methods in India

Furrows for wateringFurrows for watering

Check Basin watering

Drip irrigation

Sprinkler irrigation

1. Preparation of the soil: Ploughing & turning the soil loose with the help of ploughs,cultivators and spade & other mechanical implements

2. Sowing the seeds: treating the seeds with fungicides & sowing them with handor using a seed drill.

preparing a seed bed & growing seedlings when plants aretransplanted like paddy

adding weedicides to remove the weeds.

3. Adding fertilizers: chemical fertilizer, organic manure and compost manure

4. Irrigation: supply water

5. Spraying pesticides to protect crops

6. Harvesting: using sickle, mechanical harvesters, combines

7. Storage drying the crops in case of cereals & pulses & storing in airtight containers like gunny bags in moisture proof, rat proofgodowns.

Common Steps followed in Indian Agriculture

Preparation of Land with Animal Drawn Equipment in India

Oxen Ploughing Oxen Ploughing

Leveling Leveling

Oxen ploughing in rice fields Leveling in rice fields

Sowing Methods in IndiaManual drawn sowing equipment

Oxen drawn sowing equipment

Oxen drawn sowing equipment

Planting paddy seedlings Transplanting paddy seedlingsSowing sugarcane seeds

Agriculture using Machinery in India

Cultivators

Ploughs

Cage WheelsSowing equipment

Intercultural Operations during Farming in India

Watering Watering

Weeds control Weeds control

Adding fertilizers Spraying pesticides

Manual Harvesting in IndiaPaddy harvesting

Paddy threshing

Paddy Drying Peanut harvesting

Tea leaves harvesting

Coffee seeds harvestingSugarcane harvesting

Corn harvesting

Mustard harvesting

Paddy (Rice) Harvesting using Paddy Harvester in India

Paddy ready for harvesting

Women working in Agricultural Fields in India

Vegetable market

Cleaning

Livestock associated with farming in India

Murra Buffalo farm

Murra Buffalo farm

Sahiwal cow breed

Kankrej cow breed

Hybrid cow breeds

Sheep Herd

Ram fightGoat Herd

Broiler Chicken

Poultry for eggs

Indian Chicken

Common Farming Tools used in India

Animal Drawn Farming Equipment used in India

Levelers

CageWheel

Tractor Drawn Farming Equipment used in India

Harvesting Equipment used in India

My Farm Pictures

Areca nut farm

Bore Well

Areca nuts

Areca nut farm

New born

Dairy barn

Banana b/w areca plants

Hay for dairy farm

Paddy Straw fordairy farm

Paddy fields

Sheep

Fields and Plantations

Paddy (Rice) Fields in India

Coconut Plantations in India

Tea Plantations in India

Coffee Plantations in India

Black Pepper

Coffee plants grown along with silver oak trees

Mustard Fields in India

Thank You