FARM INNOVATORS AND THEIR ROLE IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION

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WELCOME TO

SEMINAR17/05/2014

Department of Agricultural Extension

FARM INNOVATORS AND THEIR ROLE IN AGRICULTURAL

EXTENSION

PRESENTATION BY

GOPALA, Y.MPALB-1028

III Ph.D (Agril. Extn.)

FOURTH SEMINARON

Department of Agricultural Extension 3

Introduction

• Agriculture is one of the oldest professions practiced over centuries.

• The Indian farmers consistently tried to make this occupation more efficient and cost effective which resulted in numerous innovations.

• Obviously, these innovations have supported food security of the country.

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Contd…• Farmers have done commendable work on

Low cost processing technologiesGermplasm conservationPostharvest management Value addition.

• Since, farm innovations are evolved under specific agro-climatic and socio-economic conditions such innovations have been widely adopted and are sustained.

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NEED OF THE HOUR

• The innovations in agriculture from farmer innovators need to

be validated, integrated and scaled up.

• Hence, ICAR has come out with a popular slogan called as

‘Farmers First’ to reduce the gap exists in the quality of

research output required at the farm level.

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OBJECTIVES OF SEMINAR

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1• To understand the meaning of

farm innovators and innovations.

2• To study the role of farm

innovators as para-extension workers

3• To discuss the challenges

confronting the farm innovators

4• To review the studies related to

farm innovators


FARM INNOVATORS

“Farmer innovators are the individuals or groups

within a given locality who discover or develop and apply

improved ways of managing the available resources, building

on and expanding the boundaries of their indigenous

knowledge”

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Farm innovation

“The knowledge that grows within a social group,

incorporating learning from own experience over generations,

but also external knowledge internalized within the local ways

of thinking and doing”.

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Characteristics of innovators

Innovators are,

• Willing to take risk

• Have the highest social class

• They are very social

• Have closest contact to scientific sources

• Interaction with other innovators

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Farm innovation development process

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Classification of farm innovations

1. Innovation as application of knowledge

2. Innovation by type

Innovation as application of knowledge • New processes• New markets• New organizational arrangements or practices• New designs or arts of work

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Contd….

Innovation by type

• Changes in technology systems

Ex. Seed drill to seed cum fertilizer drill

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Condition necessitate the farmer led innovation

1. Diversity requires locally-specific practices

2. Rapidly changing conditions

3. High cost of purchasing improved technologies

4. Non availability of the technology

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Role of farm innovators as para-extension workers

1. Farm innovators serve as opinion leaders.

2. Serve as a feedback mechanism for technology refinement.

3. Source of input for researchers.

4. Increases the success of programs through mobilization of farmers.

5. Promotion of the knowledge sharing among the fellow farmers.

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1. Farm innovators serves as opinion leaders

• Farm innovators will be first to adopt the new technology

• Demonstrate the feasibility of the new technology

• Farm innovators pocess the knowledge regarding various

aspects of the farming.

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2. Farm innovators serves as feedback mechanism for technology refinement

• Feedback from the farm innovators helps in technology

refinement.

• Feedback helps in development of location specific

technology development

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3. Source of input for researchers

• Farm innovators have the knowledge regarding the deficiency

of the technology.

• Farm innovators helps the research to set research priorities.

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4. Increases the success of programs through mobilization of farmers.

• Farm innovators mobilize the farmers which will enhance the

peoples participation in the programmes.

• Consideration of farm innovators in developmental prgrammes

will increase the participation of the fellow farmers.

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5. Promotion of the knowledge sharing among the farmers

• Farm innovators can serve as medium to share the information

about technology developed in the research system.

• Information regarding the developmental programmes

• Information regarding different marketing opportunities.

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Importance of linking farm innovators with research and extension system

• Effective communication between extension agents and

farmers through innovators.

• Helps in social learning of the stakeholders.

• Promotion of farmers research.

• Helping resource poor farmers.

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Effect of farm innovation on rate of adoption of technology

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• Increased relative advantage • High Compatibility• Lower Complexity• Easily trialable • Enhanced Observability


Recent approaches to encourage farm innovators in India

• Farm Innovators meet-2010 by ICAR

• Farm Innovation and Promotion Fund (FIPF) of NABARD

• Farm innovations museum by KVK, Kannur.

• ‘Farmers first’ project of ICAR.

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National farm innovators meet-2010

• Held at JSS KVK, Suttur of Mysore district

• 200 farm innovations were depicted

• 60 farm innovators displayed live specimens and models

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Farm Innovation and Promotion Fund (FIPF)

• The Fund has been created in NABARD with an initial corpus of Rs.5 crores from out of its operating surplus in the year 2004-05.

Objectives of the Fund

1. To demonstrate new concepts in agriculture and farm sector.

2. To extend support for developing proto-types and for further development to make it commercial.

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Eligibility for getting fund

1. New and viable concepts in agriculture and allied sectors.

2. Development of proto-types to make it commercial.

3. Activities connected with marketing, dissemination of knowledge relating to new products/ processes, etc.

4. Obtaining patents for innovative technology/designs/products/ processes.

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Farm innovation museum

• Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kannur established farm innovation

museum at Panniyur.

• Named after innovative farmer late Joseph, an innovative

farmer and the inventor of the coconut climbing machine.

Objectives

1. Aims at highlighting the important innovations of the district

2. Motivating fellow farmers to adopt the innovations.

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Advantages of farm innovation museum

• The museum offers a forum for the farmer researchers to share

their findings with other fellow farmer.

• Visitors could learn more about the inventions for

commercializing and popularizing.

• Serve as an alternative source of farm information.

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“FARMERS FIRST”

• Research system is not getting adequate feedback to plan and

conduct demand driven research.

• Purpose is the involvement of farmers throughout the

technology development process.

• To reduce the gap exists between the quality of the research

out put required at farm level.

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FOCUS OF FARMERS FIRST

1. Enriching Farmers –Scientist interface

2. Technology Assemblage, Application and feedback

3. Partnership and Institutional Building

4. Content Mobilization

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OBJECTIVES OF FARMERS FIRST

• Technology development based on feedback with the participation of farmers and landless for enhancing production.

• To build a network of linkages with different entities• Facilitating access of information, technology and

marketability of produce for higher returns.• To identify and integrate economically viable and socially

acceptable entrepreneurial activities.

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Challenges confronting the farm innovators

• Lack of accommodative attitude of outsiders• Lack of adequate opportunity for farmers to decide on

research priorities• Lack of financial support• Lack of recognition, and • Illiteracy

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Implication for extension through farm innovators

• Recognition of knowledge and practice of farmers.

• Dissemination of successful farmer innovations.

• Facilitation of increased dialogue between actors involved in

agricultural extension.

• Creating access to resources for innovative farmers

• .

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• Conducting study on system interface and policy discourses:

• Offering alternatives to compare with current practices or local

innovations.

• Up scaling of the technologies developed by farm innovators

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REVIEW OF STUDIES RELATED TO FARM INNOVATORS

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Study-1

Title of the study: “An analysis of behavior of Krishi prashathi awardees and their influence on neighboring farmers”

Author: MANJULA, N.

Year of study conducted: 2002

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Methodology

Locale of the study: Bangalore rural, Bangalore urban and kolar

districts were selected for the study

Sampling size: 22 taluk level ragi krushi prashathi awardee

farmers and 108 neighbouring farmers.

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Table. 1. Extent of influence of awardees on knowledge level of neighbouring farmers on cultivation practices of ragi

Sl. No.

Recommended practices Knowledge of farmers

Number Per cent

1 Advantages of ploughing across the slope 20 18.52

2 Method of bunding for red soil 15 13.89

3 Improved variety for late kharif 97 89.81

4 Usefulness of seed treatment 23 21.29

5 Correct time of FYM application 12 11.11

6 Method of sowing for rainfed kharif 22 20.37

7 Recommended quantity of chemical fertilizers 98 90.74

8 Time of top dressing 59 54.63

9 Important diseases 5 4.63

10 Expected yield 101 93.52

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Table-2. Extent of influence of awardees on yield level of neighbouring farmers

Yield (qtl/ha)

1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-2001

N % N % N % N %

Up to 30 70 64.81 62 57.41 65 60.19 30 27.78

30-35 20 18.52 35 32.41 31 28.70 32 29.63

35-40 18 16.67 9 8.33 11 10.19 24 22.22

40-45 - - 2 1.85 1 0.92 8 7.40

Above 45

- - - - - 14 12.97

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Table-3. Extent of adoption of recommended cultivation practices of ragi by neighboring farmers

Sl. No.

Recommended practices

Full adoption Partial adoption -Non adoption N % N % N %

1 Ploughing across the slope

20 18.52 - - -

2 Variety 80 74.08 - - -3 Month of sowing 40 37.10 - - -4 Seed rate 28 25.93 - - 35 32.415 Seed treatment 23 21.30 - - -6 Method of sowing 22 20.37 - - -7 FYM application 32 2.63 - - 14 12.968 Chemical fertilizers 46 42.59 - - 33 30.569 Top dressing 31 28.70 - - 25 24.56

10 Plant protection chemical

0 0 - - -


Implications of the study

1. The awardee farmers can be used by the extension personnel

in various extension activities to educate the other farmers

2. There is a need to implement schemes such as best farmer in

all the crops to motivate the farmers.

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Case study-1: Two Wheeler Mounted Sprayer

Shri Chandragouda M. Lingadal

Harti, Gadag, Karnataka• Age : 40 years • Landholding : 2 ha• Farming : 20 years experience

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Description of innovation

• Compression pump is mounted on Bajaj M-80 two wheeler to

generate pressure.

• Two water cans each of 25 lit capacity are fixed on either side

of the carrier.

• Horizontal pipe having 4 nozzles is fixed at the rear end for

spraying field crops and 2 guns having 30 feet pipe length for

spray orchard crops.

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Practical utility of innovation

• Innovative sprayer can cover 12 ha in bengalgram, 6 ha in

chilli, 8 ha in cotton per day.

• Cost of sprayer is Rs 18000.

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Impact created by innovation

• Effective for uniform spray and solves labour problem for

spraying.

• The sprayer can cover 6-12 ha depending on the type of crop,

thus saving the cost of labour.

• This sprayer is being used by the farmers of Harti and

surrounding villages on hire basis @ Rs 150 per acre

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Recognition

• Received award and certificate from UAS, Dharwad

• Recognised by AIR, Dharwad

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Case-2: Village Level Fodder Bank

Shri Madhava Reddy Karakampalli

Gundlakattamanchi, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh

• Age : 50 years• Education : 9 std• Landholding : 2 ha• Farming : 40 years experience

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• In 2 acres of his land Shri K. Madhava Reddy is raising 85 fodder varieties i.e. Guinea, Napier and tree species.

• For the past 12 years he is doing research on all these varieties and identified 40 {Guinea (20 sps), Napier (15 sps) and Tree species (15)}

• He not only works on cultivation of different species but also tested the palatability and yield improvement in milch animals.

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Practical utility of innovation


• Source of planting material to farmers, research farms, and

other private Dairy farms.

• He supplied seeds to about 10000 families in the district.

• He also motivates the dairy farmers to take up fodder

production through training programmes, radio talks, TV

Shows and news items.

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Impact created by innovation


• Progressive Farmer Award from IARI, New Delhi,

• Best Farmer Award by State Farmers Federation,

• Best farmer award by Village Milk Society

• Certificate of Merit from the District Collector for fodder

production.

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Recognition


Case-3: Mango tress date back to Tippu era

Syed Ghani khan, Kirugavalu village,

Malavalli (T), Mandya, Karnataka

Age: 39

Landholding: 20 acres

Education: B.Sc in archeology

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Description of innovation

• Preserved 112 mango tress of more than 200 years old.

• He also preserved native paddy varieties.

• Protection of plant varieties and farmers right authority

started registered all the exotic varieties.

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Impact of the innovation

• Mr. Syed is selling the fruits to Dubai and Abu Dhabi.

• He is planning to take up propagation of native mango

varieties.

• Provide training farmers and students about local varieties

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RECOGNITION

• Mr. Khan honored with “Plant Genome Savior Farmers” award in 2012

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Conclusion

Technologies generated by innovative farmers are

more sustainable and adoptable compared to technologies

generated by research system. Extension agency should device

the ways and means of taking these technologies to the

relevant farmers of the region. In case of Karnataka there is a

need to identify farm innovators as para extension workers at

the grassroots level.

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Department of Agricultural Extension 5517/05/2014

FARM INNOVATORS AND THEIR ROLE IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION

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