Farm Bill and Texas A&M Computer Training...Soybean Prices and PLC/CCP/ML* * Estimated national...
Transcript of Farm Bill and Texas A&M Computer Training...Soybean Prices and PLC/CCP/ML* * Estimated national...
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Farm Bill and Texas A&M Computer Training
Nebraska Innovation Campus Conference CenterJanuary 14, 2015
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Farm Bill Details and DecisionsBradley D. Lubben, Ph.D.
Extension Assistant Professor, Policy Specialist, andDirector, North Central Extension Risk Management Education Center
Department of Agricultural EconomicsUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln
Web information – agecon.unl.edu/agpolicy or farmbill.unl.edu
North Central Extension Risk Management Education Center – ncrme.org
E-mail – [email protected]
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The 2014 Farm BillMore than Just the Farm
Research, Extension, and Related Matters
Forestry Energy Horticulture Crop Insurance Miscellaneous
Commodities Conservation Trade Nutrition Credit Rural Development
Copyright FPC International
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Farm Bill BudgetProjected Spending, FY2014-2023
* HR 2642, the “Agricultural Act of 2014” as reported out of Conference on January 27,2014 passed the House on January 29, 2014 by a 251-166 vote, passed the Senate on February 4, 2014 by a 68-32 vote, and was signed by the President on February 7, 2014.
Commodity Programs
5%
Crop Insurance
9%
Conservation Programs
6%Nutrition
Programs79%
Other Programs
1%
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Farm Bill Budget
AreaOriginal
2014-2023Baseline
SenateProposal
(S954)
House Proposal(HR1947/
3102)
Agricultural Act of 2014(HR2642)*
($ billions) (change in $ billions)
(change in$ billions)
(change in$ billions) ($ billions)
Commodities $58.8 -$17.4 -$18.7 -$14.3 $44.5
Crop Insurance $84.1 +$5.0 +$8.9 +$5.7 $89.8
Conservation $61.6 -$3.5 -$4.8 -$4.0 $57.6
Nutrition (SNAP) $764 -$3.9 -$39.0 -$8.0 $756
Other Titles $4.0 +$1.9 +1.7 +$4.1 $8.1
Total $973 -$17.9 -$51.9 -$16.5 $956* HR 2642, the “Agricultural Act of 2014” as reported out of Conference on January 27,2014 passed the House on January 29, 2014 by a 251-166 vote, passed the Senate on February 4, 2014 by a 68-32 vote, and was signed by the President on February 7, 2014.
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Farm Bill Directions
Farm income safety net has evolved over time Price support and supply control Income support tied to price and revenue Risk management
Future program components Crop insurance as the foundation Revenue safety net or price safety net Underlying marketing loan Supplemental crop insurance Disaster assistance No direct payments
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Farm Bill Details and Decisions
Commodity programs ARC-IC vs. ARC-CO vs.
PLC Base acreage update Payment yield update Dairy margin protection
Crop insurance SCO STAX
Disaster assistance
Conservation CRP enrollment/expiration Voluntary programs Conservation compliance
for crop insurance Sodsaver provisions for
the Northern Plains states Other programs
Rural development Horticulture/specialty
crops Beginning farmer
programs
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Farm Income Safety NetCommodity Program Decisions
Base acreage update Option to reallocate base acreage based on 2009-2012 planted/prevented
planted acreage• not to exceed total existing base acres• not to exceed actual cropland acres on the farm
Payment yield update Option to update payment yields to 90% of 2008-2012 yield on a crop-by-crop
basis Affects payments only under PLC
ARC-IC vs. ARC-CO vs. PLC One-time decision for 2014-2018 for all producers on a farm (FSA farm)
• ARC-IC covers participant share of all farms enrolled in ARC-IC• ARC-CO or PLC elected on a crop-by-crop basis for each farm
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Base Acreage Update (Reallocation)
Farm’s cotton base is now called “Generic Base.”
Farm’s other program crop bases can be retained or reallocated in a one-time election Retain base acres as of September 30, 2013, or Reallocate base acres excluding generic base acres
Reallocation Based on the proportion of 2009-2012 average of acres
planted and prevented planted of covered commodities Not to exceed 2013 total base excluding generic base
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Base Reallocation: Nebraska Example• 500 acre farm with 400 base acres in 2013
200 acres corn base 100 acres soybean base 100 acres wheat base
• 2009-2012 program crop average acres 250 corn acres (50%) 250 soybean acres (50%)
• Reallocated bases200 acres corn base (50%) 200 acres soybean base (50%)
• Landowner can decide to update (reallocate) base or retain existing base
400 acres of total crop base
Total of 500 acres > 400 base acres
400 acres of total crop base
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Payment Yield Update
Farm’s program payment yields can be retained or updated in a one-time election
Retain program payment yields under the 2008 Farm Bill (as were in effect for the CCP program) or update payment yields
Update program payment yields to 90% of the average yields from 2008-2012
Payment yields only apply to the PLC program, but option to update may be available to all program participants, regardless of ARC v PLC decision
Potential applicability to any program benefits in 2019 and beyond
Landowner can decide to update payment yields or retain current payment yields on crop-by-crop basis
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Farm Bill Safety NetPrice Safety Net
Price Loss Coverage – PLC Following House PLC proposal
• Adaptation of current CCP program Protects deep (and shallow?) losses below legislated reference (target) prices Parameters
• Corn = $3.70/bushel• Soybeans = $8.40/bushel• Sorghum = $3.95/bushel• Wheat = $5.50/bushel• Payment yields equal to existing CCP yields or updated payment yields• Payment on 85% of existing or updated base acres
Impact• Provides income support and risk management when price is near or below
reference price• Protection level set at fixed reference price, creating potential long-term
distortion of production/marketing decisions
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Calculating Program PaymentsPrice Loss Coverage
Price Loss Coverage Payment RateMAX of [( _________ - MAX of { ____________________ or ________ }) or 0] = ________
reference national marketing year loan rate PLC rateprice average price
Price Loss Coverage Payment____________ x _______________ x ____________ x 85% = ________________
PLC rate payment yield base acres PLC payment
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Farm Income Safety NetCorn Prices and PLC/CCP/ML*
Source: USDA-FSA, USDA-NASS, USDA-WAOB, and FAPRI
* Estimated national marketing year average price for 2013 and 2014 projected from USDA-WAOB as of January 12, 2015. Projected prices for 2015-2018 from FAPRI estimates as of December 2014.
0.001.002.003.004.005.006.007.008.00
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
$/B
ushe
l
Loan Rate CCP Trigger Price Target Price Market Price
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Farm Income Safety NetSoybean Prices and PLC/CCP/ML*
* Estimated national marketing year average price for 2013 and 2014 projected from USDA-WAOB as of January 12, 2015. Projected prices for 2015-2018 from FAPRI estimates as of December 2014.
Source: USDA-FSA, USDA-NASS, USDA-WAOB, and FAPRI
0.002.004.006.008.00
10.0012.0014.0016.00
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
$/B
ushe
l
Loan Rate CCP Trigger Price Target Price Market Price
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Farm Income Safety NetSorghum Prices and PLC/CCP/ML*
* Estimated national marketing year average price for 2013 and 2014 projected from USDA-WAOB as of January 12, 2015. Projected prices for 2015-2018 from FAPRI estimates as of December 2014.
Source: USDA-FSA, USDA-NASS, USDA-WAOB, and FAPRI
0.001.002.003.004.005.006.007.008.00
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
$/B
ushe
l
Loan Rate CCP Trigger Price Target Price Market Price
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Farm Income Safety NetWheat Prices and PLC/CCP/ML*
* Estimated national marketing year average price for 2013 and 2014 projected from USDA-WAOB as of January 12, 2015. Projected prices for 2015-2018 from FAPRI estimates as of December 2014.
Source: USDA-FSA, USDA-NASS, USDA-WAOB, and FAPRI
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
$/B
ushe
l
Loan Rate CCP Trigger Price Target Price Market Price
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Farm Bill Safety NetRevenue Safety Net
Agriculture Risk Coverage - ARC Following Senate ARC proposal
• Adaptation of current ACRE program for ARC-IC• ARC-IC similar to AGR or Whole Farm Plan insurance
Protects shallow losses below average revenue at farm (ARC-IC) or county (ARC-CO) level Parameters
• Protect 86-76% of average revenue• ARC participants ineligible for SCO• ARC-CO
– Crop guarantee– Average revenue = 5-year Olympic average price * 5-year Olympic average yield– Payments on 85% of base acres
• ARC-IC– Whole farm guarantee– Average revenue = 5-year Olympic average revenue across all covered crops– Payments on 65% of base acres
Impact• Provides risk management when projected revenue is near or below average revenue• Protection level changes gradually with changes in revenue, reducing potential long-
term distortion of production/marketing decisions
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ARC-CO Benchmark Revenue_______________________ x ________________________________ = ___________________ 5-year Olympic average 5-year Olympic average national ARC-CO
county yield* marketing year average price ** benchmark revenue
ARC-CO Guarantee____________________________ x 86% = ____________________
ARC-CO benchmark revenue ARC-CO guarantee
ARC-CO Actual Revenue____________ x MAX of [ ____________________ or ________ ] = ______________________ county yield* national marketing year loan rate ARC-CO actual revenue
average price
* County yield per planted acre, minimum yield for each year at county T-yield x 70%** National marketing year average price, minimum price for each year at reference price
Calculating Program PaymentsAgriculture Risk Coverage - County
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ARC-CO Payment RateMAX of [ 0 or MIN of ({ _________ - ________ } or { __________ x 10% }) ] = _________
ARC-CO ARC-CO ARC-CO ARC-COguarantee actual benchmark payment
revenue revenue rate
ARC-CO Payment______________________ x _____________ x 85% = __________________
ARC-CO payment rate base acres ARC-CO payment
Calculating Program PaymentsAgriculture Risk Coverage - County
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Calculating Program PaymentsAgriculture Risk Coverage - Individual
ARC-IC Historical RevenueMAX of ( ______ or _______ ) x MAX of ( ______________ or _________ ) = _____________
actual 70% of national reference crop-by-cropyield county marketing year price historical
T-yield average price revenue
ARC-IC Benchmarkall crops [ 5-Year Olympic average of ( ____________ ) x ____________ ] = _________________
crop-by-crop crop % of ARC-IC benchmarkhistorical current total revenuerevenue planted acres
ARC-IC Guarantee___________________________ x 86% = ___________________
ARC-IC benchmark revenue ARC-IC guarantee
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Calculating Program PaymentsAgriculture Risk Coverage - Individual
ARC-IC Actual Revenueall crops [ _______ x MAX of ( ______________ or _____ ) x ____________ ] = __________
actual national loan crop % of ARC-ICyield marketing year rate current total actual
average price planted acres revenue
ARC-IC Payment RateMAX of [ 0 or MIN of ({ _________ - ________ } or { ___________ x 10% }) ] = _________
ARC-IC ARC-IC ARC-IC ARC-ICguarantee actual benchmark payment
revenue revenue rate
ARC-IC Payment_____________________ x _____________ x 65% = __________________
ARC-IC payment rate base acres ARC-IC payment
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Farm Income Safety NetNebraska Corn Revenue and ACRE/ARC*
ACRE ARC
Source: USDA-FSA, USDA-NASS, USDA-WAOB, and FAPRI
* Estimated revenue for 2013 from USDA-WAOB prices and USDA-NASS yields as of January 12, 2015. Projected revenue for 2014 based on estimated yields and USDA-WAOB prices as of January 12, 2015. Projected revenue for 2015-2018 based on trend yields and FAPRI price estimates as of December 2014. Projected ARC guarantee for 2014-2018 shown at state level for illustration purposes only.
0200400600800
1,0001,2001,400
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
$/A
cre
NE Rev Guarantee-Irrigated NE Rev Guarantee-NonirrigatedNE Act/Proj Revenue-Irrigated NE Act/Proj Revenue-Nonirrigated
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Farm Income Safety NetNebraska Soybean Revenue and
ACRE/ARC*
ACRE ARC
Source: USDA-FSA, USDA-NASS, USDA-WAOB, and FAPRI
* Estimated revenue for 2013 from USDA-WAOB prices and USDA-NASS yields as of January 12, 2015. Projected revenue for 2014 based on estimated yields and USDA-WAOB prices as of January 12, 2015. Projected revenue for 2015-2018 based on trend yields and FAPRI price estimates as of December 2014. Projected ARC guarantee for 2014-2018 shown at state level for illustration purposes only.
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
$/A
cre
NE Rev Guarantee-Irrigated NE Rev Guarantee-NonirrigatedNE Act/Proj Revenue-Irrigated NE Act/Proj Revenue-Nonirrigated
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Farm Income Safety NetNebraska Sorghum Revenue and
ACRE/ARC*
ACRE ARC
Source: USDA-FSA, USDA-NASS, USDA-WAOB, and FAPRI
* Estimated revenue for 2013 from USDA-WAOB prices and USDA-NASS yields as of January 12, 2015. Projected revenue for 2014 based on estimated yields and USDA-WAOB prices as of January 12, 2015. Projected revenue for 2015-2018 based on trend yields and FAPRI price estimates as of December 2014. Projected ARC guarantee for 2014-2018 shown at state level for illustration purposes only.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
$/A
cre
NE Rev Guarantee NE Act/Proj Revenue
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Farm Income Safety NetNebraska Wheat Revenue and
ACRE/ARC*
ACRE ARC
Source: USDA-FSA, USDA-NASS, USDA-WAOB, and FAPRI
* Estimated revenue for 2013 from USDA-WAOB prices and USDA-NASS yields as of January 12, 2015. Projected revenue for 2014 based on estimated yields and USDA-WAOB prices as of January 12, 2015. Projected revenue for 2015-2018 based on trend yields and FAPRI price estimates as of December 2014. Projected ARC guarantee for 2014-2018 shown at state level for illustration purposes only.
0
100
200
300
400
500
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
$/A
cre
NE Rev Guarantee NE Act/Proj Revenue
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Farm Income Safety NetNebraska Irrigated Corn Program Payments*
Source: USDA-FSA, USDA-NASS, USDA-WAOB, and FAPRI
* Projected ARC and PLC payments for 2014-2018 based on estimated yields and USDA-WAOB price projections as of January 12, 2015 and FAPRI price projections as of December 2014. Projected ARC payments shown at state level for illustration purposes only.
34.54
1.430.0010.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.0070.0080.0090.00
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
$/B
ase
Acr
e
ARC Irrigated Corn PLC Irrigated CornARC Irrigated Corn Average PLC Irrigated Corn Average
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Farm Income Safety NetNebraska Nonirrigated Corn Program Payments*
Source: USDA-FSA, USDA-NASS, USDA-WAOB, and FAPRI
* Projected ARC and PLC payments for 2014-2018 based on estimated yields and USDA-WAOB price projections as of January 12, 2015 and FAPRI price projections as of December 2014. Projected ARC payments shown at state level for illustration purposes only.
31.64
0.970.0010.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.0070.00
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
$/B
ase
Acr
e
ARC Nonirrigated Corn PLC Nonirrigated CornARC Nonirrigated Corn Average PLC Nonirrigated Corn Average
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Farm Income Safety NetCorn Prices Expectations Matter*
Source: USDA-FSA, USDA-NASS, USDA-WAOB, and FAPRI
* Estimated national marketing year average price for 2013 and 2014 projected from USDA-WAOB as of January 12, 2015. Projected prices for 2015-2018 from FAPRI estimates as of December 2014.
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
$/Bu
shel
Market Price USDA Projected Prices FAPRI Projected Prices
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Farm Income Safety NetNebraska Irrigated Corn Program Payments*
What if Prices Go To $3 What if Prices Go To $4
Source: USDA-FSA, USDA-NASS, USDA-WAOB, and FAPRI
* Projected ARC and PLC payments for 2014-2018 based on estimated yields and USDA-WAOB price projections as of January 12, 2015 and illustrated price projections through 2018. Projected ARC payments shown at state level for illustration purposes only.
What if Prices Stay At $3.50
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Farm Income Safety NetNebraska Nonirrigated Corn Program Payments*
What if Prices Go To $3 What if Prices Go To $4
Source: USDA-FSA, USDA-NASS, USDA-WAOB, and FAPRI
* Projected ARC and PLC payments for 2014-2018 based on estimated yields and USDA-WAOB price projections as of January 12, 2015 and illustrated price projections through 2018. Projected ARC payments shown at state level for illustration purposes only.
What if Prices Stay At $3.50
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Farm Income Safety NetNebraska Irrigated Soybean Program Payments*
Source: USDA-FSA, USDA-NASS, USDA-WAOB, and FAPRI
* Projected ARC and PLC payments for 2014-2018 based on estimated yields and USDA-WAOB price projections as of January 12, 2015 and FAPRI price projections as of December 2014. Projected ARC payments shown at state level for illustration purposes only.
20.31
0.000.0010.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.0070.00
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
$/B
ase
Acr
e
ARC Irrigated Soybeans PLC Irrigated SoybeansARC Irrigated Soybeans Average PLC Irrigated Soybeans Average
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Farm Income Safety NetNebraska Nonirrigated Soybean Program Payments*
Source: USDA-FSA, USDA-NASS, USDA-WAOB, and FAPRI
* Projected ARC and PLC payments for 2014-2018 based on estimated yields and USDA-WAOB price projections as of January 12, 2015 and FAPRI price projections as of December 2014. Projected ARC payments shown at state level for illustration purposes only.
24.11
0.000.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
$/B
ase
Acr
e
ARC Noinrrigated Soybeans PLC Nonirrigated SoybeansARC Nonirrigated Soybeans Average PLC Nonirrigated Soybeans Average
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Farm Income Safety NetNebraska Grain Sorghum Program Payments*
Source: USDA-FSA, USDA-NASS, USDA-WAOB, and FAPRI
* Projected ARC and PLC payments for 2014-2018 based on estimated yields and USDA-WAOB price projections as of January 12, 2015 and FAPRI price projections as of December 2014. Projected ARC payments shown at state level for illustration purposes only.
19.2316.84
0.005.00
10.0015.0020.0025.0030.0035.0040.00
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
$/B
ase
Acr
e
ARC Sorghum PLC SorghumARC Sorghum Average PLC Sorghum Average
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Farm Income Safety NetNebraska Wheat Program Payments*
Source: USDA-FSA, USDA-NASS, USDA-WAOB, and FAPRI
* Projected ARC and PLC payments for 2014-2018 based on estimated yields and USDA-WAOB price projections as of January 12, 2015 and FAPRI price projections as of December 2014. Projected ARC payments shown at state level for illustration purposes only.
6.696.01
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
$/B
ase
Acr
e
ARC Wheat PLC WheatARC Wheat Average PLC Wheat Average
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Farm Income Safety Net ComparisonExpected Average ARC and PLC Payments for 2014-2018
Crop Marketing Years for Nebraska*
Commodity ARC** PLC$/base acre
Irrigated Corn $34.54 $1.43Nonirrigated Corn 31.64 0.97Irrigated Soybeans 20.31 0.00Nonirrigated Soybeans 24.11 0.00Grain Sorghum 19.23 16.84Wheat 6.69 6.01
* Projected ARC and PLC payments for 2014-2018 based on estimated yields and USDA-WAOB price projections as of January 12, 2015 for 2014 and trend yields and FAPRI baseline projections as of December 2014 for 2015-2018.** Projected ARC payments shown at state level for illustration purposes only.
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Farm Bill Safety NetSupplemental Crop Insurance
Supplemental Coverage Option - SCO Following Senate and House proposals Adaptation of current area-based insurance – (ARP or AYP, previously GRIP or GRP) Provides area-based supplement to individual coverage to cover part of the deductible Protects losses below allowed coverage level and above individual insurance coverage level Parameters
• Upper coverage level– 86% if in PLC or no program
• Lower coverage level– Individual coverage level– 0% if no individual coverage purchased?
• 65% premium subsidy rate Questions
• Compatibility with crop insurance? Impact
• Protection dependent on relationship of individual and area yield and loss history –better for higher correlated farm and county histories
• Revenue protection similar to ARC for the 76-86% band, but based on current price instead of 5-year average price
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Farm Bill Safety NetOther Crop Insurance Details
Policy issues for crop insurance as the foundation of the safety net
Payment limits/eligibility tests debated, but not included Conservation compliance included Interaction with commodity programs
Other crop insurance language in the farm bill STAX for cotton Permanent approval of enterprise unit subsidy Separate enterprise unit and separate coverage levels available for
irrigated and nonirrigated production APH adjustment in years of county yield losses of at least 50% Premium adjustments for CAT Adjustments to crop insurance Sodsaver provisions Beginning farmer premium subsidy increases Organic price provisions Weather index pilot program
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Understanding the Farm Income Safety Net Programs
ARC PLC
Crop InsGuarantee
ExpRevenue
AvgRevenue
SCO SCO
CropInsGuar
Producer Loss
Crop InsGuarantee
Producer Loss
PLC No PLC
PLC
ReferencePrice
LoanRate
Crop InsGuarantee
ExpRevenue
AvgRevenue Producer Loss
ARC-IC ARC-CO
ARC-IC
SCO
Producer Loss
Crop InsGuarantee
Producer Loss
ARC-CO No ARC?
Crop InsGuarantee
ReferencePrice
LoanRate
Crop InsGuarantee
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Farm Income Safety Net ComparisonExpected Average ARC and PLC/SCO/STAX Payments
for 2014-2018 Crop Marketing Years, FAPRI*
Commodity ARC** PLC SCO** PLC+SCO/STAX***$/participating acre
Corn $20.91 $22.24 $8.94 $29.39Soybeans 16.21 12.58 5.09 16.65Grain Sorghum 8.16 19.62 3.14 22.13Wheat 9.84 16.27 3.84 19.34Barley 10.76 30.54 4.10 33.82Rice 8.44 53.54 12.90 63.86Peanuts 19.76 60.63 **** ****Upland Cotton - - 22.60 18.08* Estimated ARC, PLC, and SCP payments based on FAPRI projections as of March 2014.** SCO and STAX net indemnity average for 2015-2018*** PLC+SCO/STAX payment average for 2014-2018.**** Peanut net indemnities for SCO not explicitly represented in FAPRI model.
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Farm Income Safety Net ComparisonARC, PLC, SCO, and Buy-Up Crop Insurance
Hayes County, Nebraska2015 Wheat Enterprise Coverage
Buy‐Up Level
SCO Band
Expected ARC‐CO
Expected PLC
Expected SCO NI
Expected PLC + SCO
Expected Buy‐Up NI
Expected ARC‐CO + Buy‐Up
Expected PLC + SCO + Buy‐Up
85 86‐85 $6.69 $6.01 $0.84 $6.85 $19.79 $26.48 $26.64
80 86‐80 $6.69 $6.01 $4.34 $10.35 $22.14 $28.83 $32.49
75 86‐75 $6.69 $6.01 $6.92 $12.93 $21.59 $28.28 $34.52
70 86‐70 $6.69 $6.01 $8.73 $14.74 $19.24 $25.93 $33.98
65 86‐65 $6.69 $6.01 $10.05 $16.06 $16.38 $23.07 $32.44
60 86‐60 $6.69 $6.01 $10.92 $16.93 $13.81 $20.50 $30.74
55 86‐55 $6.69 $6.01 $11.46 $17.47 $11.57 $18.26 $29.04
50 86‐50 $6.69 $6.01 $11.84 $17.85 $9.63 $16.32 $27.48
* Analysis based on average projected ARC and PLC payments for 2014-2018 based on estimated yields and USDA-WAOB price projections as of January 12, 2015 for 2014 and trend yields and FAPRI baseline projections as of December 2014 for 2015-2018. Projected ARC and PLC payments shown at state level for illustration purposes only. Analysis of buy-up and SCO coverage based on2015 crop year insurance premium quotes and assumed loss ratio of 1.0.
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Farm Income Safety Net ComparisonARC, PLC, SCO, and Buy-Up Crop Insurance
Hayes County, Nebraska2015 Wheat Enterprise Coverage
Buy‐Up Level
SCO Band
Expected ARC‐CO
Expected PLC
Expected SCO NI
Expected PLC + SCO
Expected Buy‐Up NI
Expected ARC‐CO + Buy‐Up
Expected PLC + SCO + Buy‐Up
85 86‐85 $6.69 $6.01 $0.84 $6.85 $19.79 $26.48 $26.64
80 86‐80 $6.69 $6.01 $4.34 $10.35 $22.14 $28.83 $32.49
75 86‐75 $6.69 $6.01 $6.92 $12.93 $21.59 $28.28 $34.52
70 86‐70 $6.69 $6.01 $8.73 $14.74 $19.24 $25.93 $33.98
65 86‐65 $6.69 $6.01 $10.05 $16.06 $16.38 $23.07 $32.44
60 86‐60 $6.69 $6.01 $10.92 $16.93 $13.81 $20.50 $30.74
55 86‐55 $6.69 $6.01 $11.46 $17.47 $11.57 $18.26 $29.04
50 86‐50 $6.69 $6.01 $11.84 $17.85 $9.63 $16.32 $27.48
* Analysis based on average projected ARC and PLC payments for 2014-2018 based on estimated yields and USDA-WAOB price projections as of January 12, 2015 for 2014 and trend yields and FAPRI baseline projections as of December 2014 for 2015-2018. Projected ARC and PLC payments shown at state level for illustration purposes only. Analysis of buy-up and SCO coverage based on2015 crop year insurance premium quotes and assumed loss ratio of 1.0.
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Farm Income Safety Net ComparisonARC, PLC, SCO, and Buy-Up Crop Insurance
Hayes County, Nebraska2015 Wheat Enterprise Coverage
Buy‐Up Level
SCO Band
Expected ARC‐CO
Expected PLC
Expected SCO NI
Expected PLC + SCO
Expected Buy‐Up NI
Expected ARC‐CO + Buy‐Up
Expected PLC + SCO + Buy‐Up
85 86‐85 $6.69 $6.01 $0.84 $6.85 $19.79 $26.48 $26.64
80 86‐80 $6.69 $6.01 $4.34 $10.35 $22.14 $28.83 $32.49
75 86‐75 $6.69 $6.01 $6.92 $12.93 $21.59 $28.28 $34.52
70 86‐70 $6.69 $6.01 $8.73 $14.74 $19.24 $25.93 $33.98
65 86‐65 $6.69 $6.01 $10.05 $16.06 $16.38 $23.07 $32.44
60 86‐60 $6.69 $6.01 $10.92 $16.93 $13.81 $20.50 $30.74
55 86‐55 $6.69 $6.01 $11.46 $17.47 $11.57 $18.26 $29.04
50 86‐50 $6.69 $6.01 $11.84 $17.85 $9.63 $16.32 $27.48
* Analysis based on average projected ARC and PLC payments for 2014-2018 based on estimated yields and USDA-WAOB price projections as of January 12, 2015 for 2014 and trend yields and FAPRI baseline projections as of December 2014 for 2015-2018. Projected ARC and PLC payments shown at state level for illustration purposes only. Analysis of buy-up and SCO coverage based on2015 crop year insurance premium quotes and assumed loss ratio of 1.0.
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Farm Bill Decision Aids for Producers and Owners
Online Decision/Simulation Tools (linked from fsa.usda.gov ARC/PLC page)
National Coalition for Producer Education (NCPE), led by the University of Illinois
• http://fsa.usapas.com
National Association of Agricultural and Food Policy (NAAFP) led by the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI) at the University of Missouri, and the Agricultural and Food Policy Center (AFPC) at Texas A&M University
• https://usda.afpc.tamu.edu
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Eligibility and Payment Limits
AGI limit for program eligibility per person or legal entity 3-year average AGI less than or equal to $900,000
Payment limit per person or legal entity $125,000 for PLC, ARC, and MLG/LDP Loan forfeitures do not apply to MLG Spousal rule can double effective individual limit to $250,000 Equal and separate limit for peanuts
Definition of “actively engaged” USDA will define significant contribution of active personal management Family members not subject to new definition Sec. of Ag Vilsack commented that it likely will be end of 2015 before new
definition is completed
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Conclusions
Federal farm income safety net has evolved over time Price support and supply control Income support tied to price and revenue Risk management
Farm income safety net is complex Farm programs integrate with, complement, and substitute for crop insurance Decisions
• Existing base vs. base acreage reallocation based on 2009-2012 planted/prevented planted acreage
• ARC-IC vs. ARC-CO vs. PLC by farm• ARC-CO vs. PLC by crop by farm• ARC vs. PLC/SCO• SCO vs. buy-up crop insurance
Risk management decisions are complex Risk management decisions need to be based on portfolio analysis, not
program-by-program decisions Producer decision tools and education are a critical need
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Other Farm Bill IssuesOther Program Highlights
Conservation Shrinking CRP program Working lands programs Easement and partnership programs
Trade Promotion and development
Rural development Broadband development Grant programs
Credit Direct and guaranteed loans Ownership and operating loans
Energy Biobased products Bioenergy/biomass programs
Horticulture/specialty crops Research and block grants Promotion, marketing, and
management Organic production
• Conversion cost-share assistance• Crop insurance price coverage• Promotion
Beginning farmer programs Loan programs Research and education Conservation crop-share assistance Transition Incentive Program for CRP Crop insurance premium subsidy
increase Increased emphasis on veterans
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Farm Bill OutlookGovernment Program Payments in Nebraska
$0$200$400$600$800
$1,000$1,200$1,400$1,600
2005 2007 2009 2011 2013F 2015F 2017F
$ M
illio
ns
Fixed direct payments Crop programsDairy programs ConservationSupplemental/disaster assistance Miscellaneous programs
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Farm Bill Details and DecisionsBradley D. Lubben, Ph.D.
Extension Assistant Professor, Policy Specialist, andDirector, North Central Extension Risk Management Education Center
Department of Agricultural EconomicsUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln
Web information – agecon.unl.edu/agpolicy or farmbill.unl.edu
North Central Extension Risk Management Education Center – ncrme.org
E-mail – [email protected]