FAR-FR2805 Operator's Manual x2

MARINE RADAR

FAR/FR-2805 Series

Radar ARPA Bacic Spec.

( ) FR-2815( ) FR-2825( ) FR-2855( ) FR-2825W( ) FR-2855W( ) FR-2835S( ) FR-2835SW( ) FR-2865SW

( ) FAR-2815( ) FAR-2825( ) FAR-2855( ) FAR-2825W( ) FAR-2855W( ) FAR-2835S( ) FAR-2835SW( ) FAR-2865SW( ) FA-2805

X-band, 12 kW, TR up X-band, 25 kW, TR up X-band, 50 kW, TR up X-band, 25 kW, TR down X-band, 50 kW, TR down S-band, 30 kW, TR up S-band, 30 kW, TR down S-band, 60 kW, TR down Add-on ARPA

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F I R S T E D I T I O N : A U G . 1 9 9 5 X 2 : F E B . 2 2 , 2 0 0 2 Printed in Japan

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Before turning on the radar, make sure that there is no one near the scanner unit.

Serious injury or even death may result if a rotating antenna strikes someone standing nearby.

DANGERDANGER

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

WARNINGWARNINGRadio Frequency Radiation Hazard

The radar antenna emits electromagnetic radio frequency (RF) energy which can beharmful, particularly to your eyes. Never look directly into the antenna aperture from aclose distance while the radar is in operation or expose yourself to the transmittingantenna at a close distance.

ii

WARNINGELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARDDo not open the equipment.

Only qualified personnelshould work inside theequipment.

Turn off the radar powerswitch before servicing the scanner unit. Post a warn-ing sign near the switchindicating it should not beturned on while the scannerunit is being serviced.

Prevent the potential risk ofbeing struck by the rotatingscanner and exposure to RF radiation hazard.

Wear a safety belt and hardhat when working on the scanner unit.

Serious injury or death canresult if someone falls fromthe radar scanner mast.

Do not disassemble or modify theequipment.

Fire, electrical shock or serious injury canresult.

Turn off the power immediately if waterleaks into the equipment or the equip-ment is emitting smoke or fire.

Continued use of the equipment can causefire or electrical shock.

WARNINGDo not place liquid-filled containers onthe top of the equipment.

Fire or electrical shock can result if a liquidspills into the equipment.

Do not operate the equipment with wethands.

Electrical shock can result.

Keep heater away from equipment.

Heat can alter equipment shape and meltthe power cord, which can cause fire orelectrical shock.

CAUTIONDo not use the equipment for other thanits intended purpose.

Use of the equipment as a stepping stool,for example, can result in personal injuryor equipment damage.

No one navigation device should ever besolely replied upon for the navigation ofa vessel.

Always confirm position against all availableaids to navigation, for safety of vessel andcrew.

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTIONA Word to the Owner of FURUNO Radar ................................................................................ vAbout This Manual .................................................................................................................. viFeatures ................................................................................................................................... viiSpecifications........................................................................................................................... ixSYSTEM CONFIGURATION ............................................................................................... xii

1. OPERATION1.1 Turning on the Power ...................................................................................................1-11.2 Transmitter ON ............................................................................................................. 1-11.3 Controls ........................................................................................................................1-21.4 CRT Brilliance ..............................................................................................................1-61.5 Tuning the Receiver ......................................................................................................1-61.6 On-screen Legends and Markers ..................................................................................1-71.7 Degaussing the CRT Screen .........................................................................................1-81.8 Initializing the Gyro Readout .......................................................................................1-91.9 Presentation Modes.......................................................................................................1-91.10 Selecting the Range Scale...........................................................................................1-121.11 Selecting the Pulsewidth .............................................................................................1-121.12 Adjusting the Sensitivity ............................................................................................1-141.13 Suppressing Sea Clutter ..............................................................................................1-141.14 Suppressing Precipitation Clutter ...............................................................................1-151.15 Interference Rejector ..................................................................................................1-151.16 Measuring the Range ..................................................................................................1-161.17 Measuring the Bearing................................................................................................1-161.18 Collision Assessment by Offset EBL .........................................................................1-171.19 Measuring Range and Bearing Between Two Targets ................................................1-181.20 Setting a Guard Zone (Guard Alarm) .........................................................................1-181.21 Off-Centering ..............................................................................................................1-191.22 Echo Stretch ................................................................................................................1-201.23 Echo Averaging...........................................................................................................1-211.24 Electronic Plotting Aid (EPA) ....................................................................................1-221.25 Target Trails (Echo Trails) ..........................................................................................1-241.26 Parallel Index Lines ....................................................................................................1-261.27 Anchor Watch .............................................................................................................1-281.28 Origin Mark ................................................................................................................1-291.29 Zoom...........................................................................................................................1-301.30 Markers .......................................................................................................................1-301.31 Menu Keys ..................................................................................................................1-311.32 RADAR 1 and 2 Menu Settings .................................................................................1-321.33 Function Keys .............................................................................................................1-331.34 EPA Menu ...................................................................................................................1-391.35 NAV INFORMATION Menu and Navigation Data Display ......................................1-401.36 Radar Map ..................................................................................................................1-421.37 Suppressing Second-trace Echoes ..............................................................................1-431.38 Adjusting Relative Brilliance Levels of Screen Data .................................................1-44

iv

1.39 Set and Drift (Set and Rate) ........................................................................................1-441.40 Display of Ancillary Information ...............................................................................1-451.41 Alarms ........................................................................................................................1-46

2. OPERATION OF ARPA2.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 2-12.2 Keys Used for ARPA ....................................................................................................2-12.3 ARPA Menu Operation .................................................................................................2-22.4 Start-up Procedure ........................................................................................................2-32.5 Automatic Acquisition ..................................................................................................2-42.6 Manual Acquisition.......................................................................................................2-72.7 Changing Plot Symbol Size ..........................................................................................2-72.8 Adjusting Brilliance of Plot Marks .............................................................................2-102.9 Displaying Target Data ...............................................................................................2-102.10 Mode and Length of Vectors....................................................................................... 2-112.11 Past Position Display ..................................................................................................2-112.12 Setting CPA/TCPA Alarm Ranges ..............................................................................2-122.13 Setting a Guard Zone ..................................................................................................2-132.14 Operational Warnings .................................................................................................2-142.15 Trial Maneuver ...........................................................................................................2-152.16 ARPA Track Test ........................................................................................................2-172.17 Criteria for Selecting Targets for Tracking .................................................................2-182.18 Factors Affecting ARPA Functions .............................................................................2-19

3. RADAR OBSERVATION3.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 3-13.2 False Echoes ................................................................................................................. 3-23.3 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder) .....................................................................3-33.4 RACON (Radar Beacon) ..............................................................................................3-5

4. MAINTENANCE4.1 Periodic Maintenance Schedule ....................................................................................4-14.2 Life Expectancy of Major Parts ....................................................................................4-2

5. TROUBLESHOOTING5.1 Easy Troubleshooting ...................................................................................................5-15.2 Advanced-level Troubleshooting ..................................................................................5-25.3 Diagnostic Test .............................................................................................................5-5

APPENDIXA.1 Performance Monitor ...................................................................................................A-1A.2 For Fishing Vessel .......................................................................................................A-2A.3 Navigation Data (IEC 61162-1 Edition 1 and Edition 2) ............................................A-3A.4 Sentence Description ...................................................................................................A-7

MENU TREE ............................................................................... MN-1Declaration of conformity to typeDeclaration of Conformity (FR/FAR-2855, FR/FAR-2855W, FR/FAR-2865SW)

v

INTRODUCTION

A Word to the Owner of FURUNO Radar

Thank you for purchasing this FURUNO radar and/or ARPA. We are confident you will dis-cover why FURUNO has become synonymous with quality and reliability.

Dedicated in the design and manufacture of marine electronics equipment for 50 years,FURUNO Electric Company has gained an unrivaled reputation as a world leader in the in-dustry. This is the result of our technical excellence as well as our worldwide distribution andservice network.

Please carefully read and follow the safety information and operating and maintenance in-structions set forth in this manual before attempting to operate the equipment and conductany maintenance. Your radar set will perform to the utmost of its ability only if it is operatedand maintained in accordance with the correct procedures.

FR-2805 Series

The FR-2805 Series are available in the following two types:

Regular type and IMO type

The Regular type is for fishing boats and pleasure boats where some more functions areprovided in addition to the functions of IMO type.

Note: You can easily recognize which type your radar/ARPA is by looking at the range scaleprovided.

The FURUNO FR-2805 Series of radars are designed to meet the exacting requirements ofinternational and national standards and regulations including:

–IMO MSC-64 (67) Annex 4: Performance Standards for Radar Equipment–IMO A.477 (XII): Performance Standards for Radar Equipment–A. 694 (17): General requirements for shipborne radio equipment forming part of theglobal maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS) and for electronic navigation aids–IEC 60936-1: Shipborne Radar Operational and Performance Requirements–IEC 60936-2: Radar for HSC–IEC 60945: Marine Navigational Equipment General Requirements

FAR-2805 Series ARPA

There are also Regular type and IMO type as in the FR-2805-I series radars. The IMO typeARPA complies with the following (Regular type also complies with but includes more addi-tional functions convenient for practical uses in fishing):

–IMO Resolution A.823 (19): Performance standards for Automatic Radar Plotting Aids–A. 694 (17): General requirements for shipborne radio equipment forming part of theglobal maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS) and for electronic navigation aids–Results of NAV 40/WP.3/Add. l which is to be met for new building on or after January 1,1997–IEC 60945:1996-11: Marine Navigational Equipment General Requirements–Us Navigation safety regulations, Labeling requirement in § 164.38(d)(1) of CFR33

vi

"This device was designed and manufactured to comply with the International Mari-time Organization (IMO) Performance Standards for Automatic Radar Plotting Aids(ARPA)."

WARNING

If your ship is 10,000 or more gross tons and scheduled to operate in the navigable waters ofthe United States, make sure the above label is attached on the ARPA. Otherwise pleasemake one yourself by typing and gluing overleaf with the transparent seal.

Precautions on high speed craft� Assume your ship is making 40 kt and a target ship is approaching at 40 kt right toward

you. Then the relative speed is 80 kt. With the antenna revolving at 42 rpm, the target blipappears jumping to a new location 59 m nearer. This jump corresponds to 23 mm on the360 mm display using the 0.25 nm range scale. On such a short range you may lose thetrack of target in the midst of sea clutter, random noise or other targets. Use one step largerrange scale.

� ARPA can fail to track a target when the relative speed exceeds 100 kt.

About This Manual

This manual is designed to provide information on operation and maintenance of the FR-2805series radars as well as fault diagnosis and troubleshooting procedures which may be per-formed by suitably qualified personnel on board.

In producing this manual, we tried to provide as "user friendly" an operation guide as possibleto the many functions of this sophisticated equipment. We would appreciated feedback fromyou about this manual. Your comments and suggestions would be valuable inputs for futureimprovement.

Categorization by specification

See the table on the next page.

vii

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Features

The new FR-2805 series of radar and the FAR-2805 series of ARPAs are the results of com-bination of the FURUNO's many years of experience in the marine field and the advancedcomputer technology. The FR-2805 series and FAR-2805 series are designed to fully meetthe exacting rules of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) for installations on all classesof vessels.

The display unit employs a 28" diagonal high-resolution green-phosphor CRT. It provides aneffective radar picture of 360 mm diameter leaving sufficient space for on-screen alphanu-meric data.

Target detection is enhanced by the sophisticated signal processing technique such as multi-level quantization (MLQ), echo stretch, echo average, and a built-in radar interference rejec-tor. Audible and visual guard zone alarms are provided as standard. Other ship's movement isassessed by trails of target echoes or by electronic plotting. The FAR-2805 series ARPA fur-ther provides target assessment by historical plots, vectors and target data table.

On-screen data readouts include CPA, TCPA, range, bearing, speed/course of own ship andup to 3 targets. The ARPA functions include automatic acquisition of up to 20 targets, ormanual acquisition of 40 targets. In addition, the ARPA features display of a traffic lane, buoys,dangerous points, and other important reference points.

viii

General features� Daylight-bright high-resolution display� 28" diagonal CRT presents radar picture of 360 mm effective diameter with alphanumeric

data area around it� User friendly operation by combination of tactile backlit touchpads, a trackball and rotary

controls� Audio-visual alert for targets in guard zone� Echo trail to assess targets' speed and course by simulated afterglow� Electronic plotting of up to 10 targets in different symbols (This function is disabled when

ARPA is activated.)� Electronic parallel index lines� Interswitch (optional) built in radar or ARPA display unit� Enhanced visual target detection by Echo Average, Echo Stretch, Interference Rejector,

and multi-level quantization� Stylish display� Choice of 10, 25 or 50 kW output for X-band; 30 kW output for S-band, either in the trans-

ceiver aloft (gearbox) or RF down (transceiver in bridge)� Exclusive FURUNO MIC low noise receiver

ARPA features� Acquires up to 20 targets automatically plus up to 20 targets manually, or all 40 targets

manually� Movement of tracked targets shown by true or relative vectors. (Vector length 1 to 99 min.

selected in 1 min. steps.)� Setting of nav lines, buoy marks and other symbols to enhance navigation safety� On-screen digital readouts of range, bearing, course, speed, CPA (Closest Point of Ap-

proach), TCPA (Time to CPA), BCR (Bow Crossing Range) and BCT (Bow Crossing Time)of 2 targets out of all tracked targets.

� Audible and visual alarms against threatening targets coming into operator-selected CPA/TCPA limits, lost targets, targets, two guard rings, visual alarm against system failure andtarget full situation

ix

Specifications

ANTENNA RADIATORS

1. TypeSlotted waveguide array

2. Beamwidth and sidelobe attenuation

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FA02NXNX( 3 )A

NX FA42)A4NX(

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htdiwmaeB).roH( .1 8° 32.1 ° 32.1 ° .0 95° 57.0 ° 1.2 ° 5.2 °

htdiwmaeB).reV( 20° 25° 02 ° 02 ° 02 ° 52 ° 52 °

ttaebolediSnihtiw ± 01 ° 28 Bd 24 Bd Bd82 28 bd bd62 Bd52 bd42

ttaebolediSedistuo ± 01 ° 32 Bd 30 Bd Bd23 32 Bd bd03 Bd03 bd03

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3. PolarizationHorizontal

4. RotationFR/FAR-2815/2825: 24/42 rpmFR/FAR-2825W2855W,FR/FAR-2835SW/2865SW: 21 rpm (50 Hz), 26 rpm (60 Hz)FR/FAR-2835S: 21 rpm (50 Hz), 26 rpm (60 Hz), 45 rpm (for HSC)FR/FAR-2855: 16 rpm (50 Hz), 20 rpm (60 Hz or DC)

RF TRANSCEIVER

1. FrequencyX-band: 9410 MHz ±30 MHz 9415 MHz ±30 MHz(50kW)S-band: 3050 MHz ±30 MHz

2. Output powerFR/FAR-2815: 12 kWFR/FAR-2825/2825W: 25 kWFR/FAR-2855-I/2855W: 50 kWFR/FAR-2835S-I/2835SW: 30 kWFR/FAR-2865SW: 60 kW

3. Pulselength/PRFFR/FAR-2815/2825Range(nm) Pulselength (µs) PRR (Hz)0.125, 0.25 0.07 22000.5, 0.75 0.07/0.15 22001.5 Two from 0.07, 0.15, 0.3 2200/10003 Two from 0.15, 0.3, 0.5 2200/10006 Two from 0.3, 0.5, 1.2 1000/60012, 24 Two from 0.5, 1.2 1000/60048, 96 1.2 600 (48

nm)/500(96 nm)

FR/FAR-2825W, 2855, 2855W, 2835S,2835SW, 2865SW:Range (nm) Pulselength (µs) PRR (Hz)0.125, 0.25, 0.5 0.08 22000.75, 1.5 0.08/0.3* 22003 Two from 0.08, 0.3*, 0.6 2200/11006 Two from 0.08, 0.3*, 0.6 2200/110012, 24 0.6, 1.2 1000/60048, 96 1.2 600/500*: In case of FR-2855, FR-2855W, FR-2865SW0.3 is replaced with 0.2.0

4. I.F.60 MHz, LogarithmicS1-M1: 28 MHzM2-Lpulse: 3 MHz

5. DuplexerFerrite circulator with diode limiter forFR/FAR-2815/2825/2835S/2835swFerrite circulator with TR limiter for FR-2825W/2855/2855W/2865SW

6. Noise figureFR/FAR-2815/2825/2825W/2855/2855W/2835S: 6 dBFR/FAR-2835SW: 4 dBFR/FAR-2865SW: 4.5 dB

RADAR DISPLAY

1. Picture tube28" color CRT, Effective radar diameter 360mmIMO type: Yellow or green echoes in 16 levelsR-type: Yellow or green echoes in 16 levels or 3 colors depending on echo strengthsDifferent color for VRM, range rings, alarms,etc.Raster scan at 32.25 kHz horizontal, 60 Hzvertical. Number of scanning lines 1024,interlaced.

2. Minimum range and discription35 m

3. Range scales (nm)IMO type:0.125 (.025), 0.25 (0.05), 0.5 (0.1), 0.75(0.25), 1.5 (0.25), 3 (0.5), 6 (1), 12 (2), 24 (4),48 (8), 96 (16)R-type:0.125 (.025), 0.25 (0.05), 0.5 (0.1), 0.75(0.25), 1.5 (0.25), 3 (0.5), 6 (1), 12 (2), 16 (4),24 (4), 32 (8), 48 (8), 72 (16), 120 (20)

4. Range accuracy1% of range in use or 15 m whichever is thegreater

x

5. Bearing accuracy±1°

6. Bearing discriminationBetter than 2.5° except S-band 10 ft radiators(SN-30AF)

7. Presentation modesHead-up, Head-up TB, North-up, Course-up,True motion north-up(Automatically set to HU in case of compassfailure)

8. Variable Range MarkersTwo Variable Range Markers, switched

9. Electronic Bearing LinesTwo Electronic Bearing Lines, switchedRange merker on EBL

10. OffcenterIMO type: Sweep origin can be offcenteredby 75% of range in use in any direction.Regular type: Any direction up to 100%

11. Target alarm zone2 TAZ at 3 and 6 nm in width of 0.5 nm, anysector.

12. Electronic plotting (E-plot)10 targets manual plotting. Not operative inARPA mode.

13. Parallel index lines2, 3 and 6 lines (selectable on menu)

14. Navigation lines (option)Two lines to define a navigation channel(with RP-25)

ARPA FUNCTIONS

1. AcquisitionInstant selection of auto or manual acquisitionin 0.2 to 32 nm, relative speed 100 kt. Auto20 targets plus manual 20 targets, or Manual40 targets

2. TrackingAutomatic tracking of all acquired targets onthe display for 5 out of 10 consecutive scansin 0.1 to 32 nm

3. Prediction of target motionTrue or relative vectors, time scaled.Length: 1 to 99 min

4. Past positions5 or 10 past positions of tracked targets atintervals of 2 min

5. Collision warningCPA limit: 0.2 to 10 nmTCPA limit: 0 to 99 min

6. Guard zone (Guard ring)2 guard zones (guard rings) of operator-defined width in 0.7 to 32 nm, Sector 1 to360° any direction

7. Trial maneuverSimulates the effect on all tracked targets ofown ship maneuver with course, speed anddelay time.

INTERFACING

1. IEC 61162-1OSD, RSD, TTM, etc. (Listener 2 mA at 2V,Talker 60 mA max)

2. AnalogRGB video, H/V sync for VDR with optionalboard)

3.GyrocompassBuilt-in interface accepts synchro signal (20-50 V, 50-400 Hz) or stepper signal (20-50VDC, any polarity).

4. Speed log (IEC 61192-1 interface)IEC 61192-1 contact closure or 200/400/500pulses/nm.

POWER SUPPLY

1. FR/FAR-2815/2825115/230 VAC, 1ø, 470 VA(2815), 500VA(2825), DC set not available

2. FR/FAR-2825W/2855/2855WDisplay unit: 115/230 VAC, 1ø, 500 VA(2825W), 115 VAC, 1ø, 550 VA (2855/2855W)Antenna unit: 115/230 VAC, 1ø, 150 VA(2825W/2855W), 230 VAC, 3ø, 120 VA, 380/440 VAC, 3ø, 120 VA (2825W/2855W), 24 V,30 W (2855)

3. FR/FAR-2835S/2835SWDisplay unit: 115/230 VAC, 1ø, 500 WAntenna unit: 220 VAC, 50-60 Hz, 3ø,440 VA, 380/440 VAC, 50-60 Hz, 3ø, 440 VA

4. FR/FAR-2865SWDisplay unit: 115 VAC, 1ø, 550 VAAntenna unit: 220 VAC, 3ø, 50-60 Hz, 440VA, 380/440 VAC, 3ø, 50-60 Hz, 440 VA

xi

PROGRAM NUMBER

SPU BoardMAIN: 0359096132SUB: 0359057134

ARP BoardARP: 1859038106SUB: 18590399101

RP Board0359094111

EQUIPMENT LISTStandard Supplies1. Display unit Radar: RDP-115 (w/RP-25) ARPA: RDP-115A (w/ARP-25, RP-25)2. Antenna unit with 30 m antenna cable3. RF transceiver unit for RF-down system4. PSU-004 for FR/FAR-2825W/2855W/ 2835S/2835SW/2865SW5. PSU-001 for FR/FAR-28556. Standard spare parts and installation materials

Optional Supplies1. Waveguide for RF-down system (Coax cable for S-band)2. Gyro interface GC-83. Interswitch box RJ-7 or 84. Performance monitor PM-30* (X-band), PM-50* (S-band)5. 42 rpm scanner motor (FR/FAR-2815/2825 only)6. 45 rpm scanner motor for HSC (FAR-2835S only)7. Video plotter RP-25**8. ARPA Board ARP-259. Hand grip10. Display pedestal11. Interface unit IF-2300*

* Necessary in IMO-type Radar and ARPA** RP-25 (Radar Video Picture) necessary forall class of SOLAS ships for radar maps andnavlines*** ARP-25 (Auto Radar Plotter) may not benecessary on ships below 1,000 GT. Checkwith the Administrations.

Category of Equipment UnitsEquipment for Protected Area•Display unit•Power supply unit•RF transceiver unit•Interswitch unit

Equipment for Exposed•Antenna unit•Performance monitor

Compass safe distanceSee each corresponded Installation Manual.

xii

115/230 VAC, 1φ, 50/60 Hz(Ant and disp for FR/FAR2815/2825)

InterswitchRJ-7.8

Radar system dataand target data inIEC61162 chart data, etc.

Other Radar system

InterfaceIF-2300

NAV data (GLL ..)

CO-SPEVV-SB-C

Speed (VBW, VHW)2C 1.5 m

External Buzzer

TRUE Heading (HDT)

FR/FAR-2855/2835SANTENNA UNIT

RW

-689

5R

W-4

873

(for

281

5/28

25)

xiii

ANTENNA UNIT (Turning unit or Gearbox)

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5182-RAF/RF*)CDV42,mpr42(4700-BSR 615-G8D

*)CDV42,mpr24(5700-BSR 175-G8D

5282-RAF/RF*)CDV42,mpr42(4700-BSR 615-G8D

*)CDV42,mpr24(5700-BSR 175-G8D

5582-RAF/RF,)zH06(mpr02/)zH05(mpr61(9400-BSR

3,CAV022/002 )φ 2228-BOG

)CDV42,mpr02(0500-BSR 5856-MR

W5282-RAF/RFW5582-RAF/RF

,)zH06(mpr62/)zH05(mpr12(6700-BSR3,CAV022/002 φ *) 3218-MR

,)zH06(mpr62)zH05(mpr12(7700-BSR3,CAV044/083 φ *) 4218-MR

,)zH06(mpr62)zH05(mpr12(8700-BSR1,CAV044/083 φ *) 7428-MR

S5382-RAF/RF

,)zH06(mpr62)zH05(mpr12(6200-BSR3,CAV022/002 )φ 8937-MR


3,CAV022,mpr54(8800-BSR ,φ rof)zH05dnab-SCSH 9159-MR

3,CAV022,mpr54(9800-BSR φ )zH06,dnab-SCSH 0259-MR

3,CAV044,mpr54(0900-BSR φ )zH06,dnab-SCSH 1259-MR

WS5382-RAF/RF



NOTE: The gearboxes marked * work with new radiators (such as XN12AF *). The new radiatorhas different physical dimensions at the rotary joint and only fits on the new gear box. The slottedwaveguide array radiators are the same as the current ones. The gearing and motors are thesame as those in the former counterpart. Assembled antenna are compatible to each other withinthe same for RF output.

RADIATOR

tf4 *FA21-NXepyT tf8 *FA42,A4-NXepyTdnaB-X

tf5.6 *FA02,A3,3-NXepyT tf01 A5-NXepyT

tf21 FA63-NS tf01 FA03-NS dnaB-S

8700/7700/6700/5700/4700-BSRrof*dekramsrotaidaR:ETON

1-1

1. OPERATION

WARNINGWARNINGBefore turning on the radar, make sure that there is no one near the antenna unit.Serious injury or even death may result ifa rotating antenna strikes someonestanding nearby.

1.1 Turning on the Power

The POWER switch is located at the lowerright corner of the display. Push it to switchon the radar set. To turn off the radar, pushit again; the switch will extend. The screenshows the bearing scale and digital timerapproximately 15 seconds after power-on.The timer counts down three minutes ofwarm-up time. During this period the mag-netron, or the transmitter tube, is warmedfor transmission. When the timer hasreached 0:00, the legend STBY appearsindicating that the radar is now ready totransmit pulses.

POWERONOFF

Powerswitch

Location of power switch

In warm-up and standby condition, youwill see the message BRG SIG MISSING.This is normal because a bearing signalis not yet generated when the antenna isnot rotating. ON TIME and TX TIME val-ues shown at the bottom of the screenare the time counts in hours and tenthsof hour when the radar has been pow-ered on and transmitted.

1.2 Transmitter ON

When the STANDBY status is displayedon the screen, press the Transmit switchlabeled ST-BY/TX on the control panel ofthe display unit.

The radar is initially set to previously usedrange and pulsewidth. Other settings suchas brilliance levels, VRMs, EBLs andmenu option selections are also set toprevious settings.

The Transmit switch toggles the radar be-tween STANDBY and TRANSMIT status.The antenna stops in STANDBY statusand rotates in TRANSMIT status.

Notes:

1) If the antenna does not rotate inTRANSMIT status, check whether theantenna switch in the tuning compart-ment is in the OFF position.

2) The magnetron ages with time result-ing in a reduction of output power. It ishighly recommended that the radar beset to STANDBY status when not usedfor an extended period of time.

Provided that the radar was once in use with thetransmitter tube (magnetron) still warm, you canturn the radar into TRANSMIT condition without3-minutes standby. If the Power Switch has beenturned off by mistake or the like and you wish torestart the radar promptly, follow the stepsbelow:

• Turn on the Power Switch not later than 5 sec after power-off.• Press the ST-BY switch in the tuning compartment.• Press the Transmit Switch STBY/TX.

ORIGINMARK

VECTORTRUE/

RELVECTOR

TIME

ST-BY switch

Antenna switch

Quick Start

1-2

1.3 Controls

FR-2805 Series Radar Display Unit Overview

1-3

Main control panel

OFF ON

EBL BRILL A/C RAIN

OFF ON

VRM

RANGE

ACQ

AUDIOOFF

ST-BY

TX

GAINA/C SEA

FUNC4FUNC1 FUNC2 FUNC3A/CAUTO

BRILLIANCE controlAdjusts brightness ofentire screen.

A/C RAIN controlReduces clutter fromrain, snow and clouds.

A/C SEA controlReduces sea clutter.

GAIN controlAdjusts receiversensitivity.

TRANSMIT switch

RANGE keysSelects rangescales.

FUNCTION keys#1 key: Setup 1#2 key: Setup 2#3 key: Setup 3#4 key: Setup 4

A/C AUTO keyReduces seaclutter at pre-set level. Per-mits manualoverride byA/C SEA andA/C RAINcontrols.

EBL ON/OFF controlPressing ON key togglesbetween No.1 EBL andNo.2 EBL. Bearing isread either Relative orTrue at the lower leftcorner of the screen. VRM ON/OFF keys and rotary control

Press ON to activate VRM. Turnrotary control clockwise to increaseVRM diameter; counterclockwise todecrease it. Read range at lower-righthand corner of screen. There are twoVRMs which are toggled by each pressof ON key. Press OFF key to deactivateeach VRM.

AUDIO OFF keySilences aural alarm(except guard alarm)and ARP-23 (option)generated alarm.

TrackballShifts cursoron radarscreen.

ACQ keyPress key afterselecting target bytrackball. The targetwill be acquired in30 sec.

GAIN, A/C RAIN, A/C SEA and BRILL controls are of push-and-rotate type. Push inwanted switch lightly, and it will pop up. Rotate it to the wanted setting and push it in.The retracted position of the controls provides a better protection for water splash.

1-4

Display controls

Mode Panel

HMOFF

ECHOTRAILS

MODE

ORIGINMARK

VECTORTRUE/REL

VECTORTIME

GUARDALARM

EBLOFFSET

OFFCENTER

X2ZOOM

BKGRCOLOR

INDEXLINES

CU, TMRESET

INTREJECT

RINGS

HM OFFTemporarily erases the heading marker.

ECHO TRAILSShows trails of target echoes in the formof simulated afterglow.

MODESelects presentation modes: Head-up,Head-up/TB, North-up, Course-up andTrue Motion.

GUARD ALARMUsed for setting the guard alarm.

EBL OFFSETActivates and deactivates off-centering ofthe sweep origin.

BKGR COLORSelects the background color.

INDEX LINES

Alternately shows and erases parallel in-dex lines.

X2 ZOOMEnlarges a user-selected portion of pic-ture twice as large as normal. (R-typeonly)

CU, TM RESETResets the heading marker to 000° incourse-up mode; moves own ship posi-tion to 50% radius in stern direction in thetrue motion mode.

INT REJECTReduces mutual radar interference.

RINGSAdjusts the brightness of range rings.

1-5

Plotting keypad and tuning compartment

ORIGINMARK

VECTORTRUE/REL

VECTORTIME

RADARMENU

ORIGINMARK

VECTORTRUE/REL

VECTORTIME

E,AUTOPLOTMENU

TARGETDATA

TARGETBASEDDATA

AUTOPLOT

TRIAL LOSTTARGET

HISTORY

��

MARK

��

CHARTALIGN

��

VIDEOPLOT

NAVMENU

1 2 3

654

7 8 9

ENTERCANCEL

– 9

TUNE

GYRO SET

AU

TO

AUTO

MANU

AN

TE

NN

A

ON

OFFDEGAUSS

+

–

HOLD

PM-ON/OFF

ERROR

STBY

Keys for ARPA (FAR)

Keys for RP-25 (option)

ORIGIN MARKShow and erases the origin mark (a ref-erence point for range/bearing measure-ment).

VECTOR TRUE/RELSelects true or relative vector.

VECTOR TIMESets vector length in time.

RADAR MENUOpens and closes RADAR menus.

E-PLOT, AUTO PLOT MENUOpens and closes E-Plot and optionalAUTO PLOT menus.

NAV MENUOpens and closes NAV menu.

Keys 0-9Select plot symbols. Also used for enter-ing numeric data.

CANCELTerminates plotting of a specified targetor all tracked targets.

ENTERUsed to save settings on menu screen.

Keys for ARPA (optional in R-type)

TARGET DATADisplays the acquired target data.

TARGET BASED DATAOwn ship's speed is measured relative toa fixed target.

AUTO PLOTActivates and deactivates the Auto Plot-ter.

TRIALInitiates a trial maneuver.

LOST TARGETSilences the lost target audible alarm anderases the lost target symbol.

HISTORYShows and erases past positions oftracked targets.

Keys for Video Plotter (optional)

MARK Enter/erase marks

CHART ALIGNUsed to align chart data.

VIDEO PLOTTurns the video plotter on/off.

1-6

1.4 CRT Brilliance

Operate the BRILL control on the controlpanel of the display unit to adjust the en-tire screen brightness. Note that the opti-mum point of adjustment varies withambient light conditions, especially be-tween daytime and nighttime.

BRILL A/C RAIN GAINA/C SEA

Brilliancecontrol

Note: The CRT brilliance should be ad-justed before adjusting relative brilliancelevels on the BRILLIANCE menu to beexplained later.

1.5 Tuning the Receiver

Auto tune

The radar receiver is tuned automaticallyeach time the power is turned on, thusthere is no front panel control for tuningpurpose. The tuning indicator and the la-bel AUTO TUNE at the top right corner ofthe display unit show the tuning circuit isworking. If the label AUTO TUNE is notdisplayed, check that the TUNE selectorin tuning compartment is in the AUTOposition.

Manual tune

If you are not satisfied with the currentauto tune setting, follow these steps tofine-tune the receiver:

1. Set the TUNE selector in the tuningcompartment to MAN for manual tun-ing.

ORIGINMARK

VECTORTRUE/

RELVECTOR

TIME

TUNE control

TUNE selector

2. Push the tune control so that it popsup.

3. While observing the picture on the 48mile scale, slowly adjust TUNE controland find the best tuning point.

4. So the TUNE selector to AUTO andwait for about 10 seconds or four scan-ner rotations.

5. Make sure that the radar has been setto the best tuning point. This conditionis where the tuning indicator lights toabout 80% of its total length.

6. Push the TUNE control into the re-tracted position.

This LED lights if video lockup is associatedwith fundamental malfunction of CPU.

ST-BY switch forquick start

Video Lockup Recovery

Video lockup, or picture freeze, can occur unex-pectedly on digital rasterscan radars. This ismainly caused by heavy spike noise in the powerline and can be noticed by carefully watching thenearly invisible sweep line. If you suspect that thepicture is not updated every scan of the antennaor no key entry is accepted notwithstanding theapparently normal picture, do Quick Start torestore normal operation:

1. Turn of the power switch and turn it on again within five seconds.2. Push the ST-BY switch in the tuning compartment.3. Push the Transmit switch labeled ST-BY/TX for Transmit status.

1-7

1.6 On-screen Legends and Markers

A/CAUTONOISEREJOFFCENTER

EBL>287.2°T< 239.6°T

6/1 NM1.5 NM330.0°THEAD UP RMPULSE 1

IR3

AUTO TUNEANT 1 MAIN

WATCH 11:30 1997 02/08 13:28*

TGT ALARMTRU TRAIL30MIN15:26 VRM >5.65NM< 2.35NM

000 010 020030

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150160170180190

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GYRO 132.7°LOG 2.2KT

RNG 4.91NMBRG 226.1°TCSE 263.3°TSPD 12.4KT

ARPAREL VECTOR 6MIN

CPA 2.9NM TCPA *** MINBCR 8.9NM BCT 20MIN

RNG 4.91NMBRG 226.1°T

CSE 263.3°TSPD 12.4KT


CURRENT *.*KT *.*°TWIND *.*KT *.*°R

Range ringinterval/Range

Range and bearing ofcursor from own ship

Presentationmode

PulselengthInterferencerejector

Echo stretch

No.1 EBL

No.2 EBL

Automatic clutter

Noise rejector

Off-center

No.1 EBL (upper)No.2 EBL (lower)

No.1 VRM

North marker No.1 VRM (upper)No.2 VRM (lower)

Echo trailsettings

Target alarmON

Fixedrange ring

No.2 VRM

Tuning indicator

Antenna/Radar in use

Alarm clock

Target datadisplay(See nextpage.)

Headingline

Guard zone

PI348.6°T

Parallel Index Line

Headingmark

ES1

GYRO LOG EPSFAZIMUTH HDG TRIGVIDEO LOST TARGETAUTO MAN TGT FULLGZ COLLOSION SOG

OS[GPS]+

2

1TRUTRU

TRUTRU

Error Messageappears in red.

1-8

1.7 Degaussing the CRTScreen

Each time the radar is turned on, the de-gaussing circuit automatically demagne-tizes the CRT screen to eliminate colorcontamination caused by earth's magne-tism or magnetized ship structure.

The screen is also degaussed automati-cally when own ship has made a signifi-cant course change. While being

degaussed, the screen may be disturbedmomentarily with vertical lines. If you wishto degauss by manual operation at anarbitrary time, open and press the "DE-GAUSS" switch.

Gyro readoutadjustmentswitches

ORIGINMARK

VECTORTRUE/

RELVECTOR

TIME

GyroLED

DEGAUSS switch

1-9

1.8 Initializing the GyroReadout

Provided that your radar is interfaced witha gyrocompass, ship's heading is dis-played at the top of the screen. Upon turn-ing on the radar, align the on-screenGYRO readout with the gyrocompassreading by the procedure shown below.Once you have set the initial heading cor-rectly, resetting is not usually required.However, if the GYRO readout goeswrong for some reason, repeat the pro-cedure to correct it.

1. Open the tuning compartment andpress the HOLD button. The Gyro LEDlights.

Gyro readoutadjustmentswitches

ORIGINMARK

VECTORTRUE/

RELVECTOR

TIME

GyroLED

DEGAUSS switch

2. Press the UP or DOWN button to du-plicate the gyrocompass reading at theon-screen GYRO readout. Each pressof these buttons changes the readoutby 0.1-degree steps. To change thereadout quickly, hold the UP or DOWNbutton for over two seconds.

3. Press the HOLD switch when the on-screen GYRO readout has matchedthe gyrocompass reading. The GyroLED goes out.

Note: The HOLD button is used to disen-gage the built-in gyro interface from thegyrocompass input in the event that youhave difficulty in fine-adjusting the GYROreadout due to ship's yawing, for example.When initializing the GYRO readout at aberth (where the gyrocompass reading isusually stable), you may omit steps 1 and3 above.

1.9 Presentation Modes

This radar has the following presentationmodes:

Relative Motion (RM)

Head-up: UnstabilisedHead-up TB:Head-up with compass-

stabilized bearing scale(True Bearing)

Course-up: Compass-stabilized rela-tive to ship's intendedcourse

North-up: Compass-stabilized withreference to north

True Motion (TM)

North-up: Ground or sea stabilizedwith compass and speed in-puts

Selecting presentation mode

Press the MODE key on the mode panel.Each time the MODE key is pressed, thepresentation mode and mode indicationat the upper-left corner of the screenchange cyclically.

HLOFF

ECHOTRAILS MODE

ORIGINMARK

VECTORTRUE/REL

VECTORTIME

GUARDALARM

EBLOFFSET

OFFCENTER

When the gyro signal is lost, the presentationmode automatically becomes head-up andthe GYRO readout at the screen top showsasterisks (***.*). The message SET HEADINGappears at the lower-left corner of the screen.This warning stays on when the gyro signal isrestored, to warn the operator that the readoutmay be unreliable. Press the MODE key toselect another presentation mode (the asterisksare erased at this point). Then, align the GYROreadout with the gyrocompass reading and pressthe CANCEL key to erase the message SETHEADING.

Loss of Gyro Signal

1-10

Presentation mode,representative display

Description

Head-up Mode

A display withouth azimuth stabilization in whichthe line connecting the center with the top of thedisplay indicates own ship's heading.

The target pips are painted at their measured dis-tances and in their directions relative to own ship'sheading.

A short line on the bearing scale is the north markerindicating compass north. A failure of the gyro input will cause the north marker to disappear and the GYRO readout to show asterisks (***.*) and themessage SET HDG appears on the screen.

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HeadinglineNorth

marker

Course-up Mode

An azimuth stabilized display in which a line connect-ing the center with the top of the display indicates ownship's intended course (namely, own ship's previousheading just before this mode has been selected).Target pips are painted at their measured distancesand in their directions relative to the intended coursewhich is maintained at the 0-degree position while theheading marker moves in accordance with ship'syawing and course changes. This mode is useful toavoid smearing of picture during course change. Aftera course change, press the [CU, TM RESET] key toreset the picture orientation if you wish to continueusing the course-up mode.

Head-up TB (True Bearing) Mode

Radar echoes are shown in the same way as in thehead-up mode. The difference from normal head-up presentation lies in the orientation of the bearingscale. The bearing scale is compass stabilized, thatis, it rotates in accordance with the compass signal,enabling you to know own ship's heading at aglance.

This mode is available only when the radar is inter-faced with a gyrocompass.

The bearing scale rotates witha compass signal.

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Headingline

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Headingline

1-11

Presentation mode,representative display

Description

North-up Mode

In the north-up mode, target pips are painted at their measured distances and in their true (compass) directions from own ship, north being maintained UP of the screen. The heading marker changes its direction according to the ship's heading.

If the gyrocompass fails, the presentation modechanges to head-up and the north maker disappears. Also, the GYRO readout shows asterisks (***.*) and the messageSET HEADING appears at the lower-left corner of the screen.

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HeadinglineNorth

marker

True Motion Mode

Own ship and other moving objects move in accord-ance with their true courses and speeds. All fixedtargets, such as landmasses, appear as stationaryechoes.

When own ship reaches a point corresponding to 75%of the radius of the display, the own ship is auto-matically reset to a point of 50% radius opposite tothe extension of the heading marker passing throughthe display center. Resetting can be made at anymoment before the ship reaches the limit by pressingthe [CU, TM RESET] key. Automatic resetting ispreceded by a beep sound. If the gyrocompass fails, the presentation mode ischanged to the head-up mode and the north markerdisappears. The GYRO readout at the top of thescreen shows asterisks (***.*) and the message SETHEADING appears at the lower-left corner of thescreen.

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(a) True motionis selected

(b) Own ship has reached apoint 75% of display radius

(c) Own ship is automaticallyreset to 50% of radius

Automatic resetting of sweep center in true motion mode

1-12

1.10 Selecting the Range Scale

The display range scale is changed in 13steps on the R-type (11 steps on the IMO-type) by pressing the [+] and [-] keys. Theselected range scale and range ring in-terval are shown at the upper left corneron the screen.

The display range can be expanded by75% (100% in R-type) in any direction byusing the off-centering control.

1.11 Selecting the Pulsewidth

The pulsewidth in use is displayed at theupper-left position of the screen using theabbreviations shown in the table above.

Appropriate pulsewidths are preset to in-dividual range scales and function keys.Therefore, you are not usually requiredto select them. If you are not satisfied withthe current pulsewidth settings, however,it is possible to change them by the Ra-dar menu operation shown below.

You can choose the pulsewidth 1 or 2 onthe scales 0.5 to 24 nm ranges on X-band models (0.75 to 24 nm ranges onS-band models).

Selecting pulsewidth 1 or 2

1. Press the RADAR MENU key on theplotting keypad to show the FUNC-TIONS menu.

2. Press the [1] key to select menu item 1PULSEWIDTH.

3. Press the [1] key to select (or highlight)PULSEWIDTH 1 OR 2 as appropriate.

4. Press the ENTER key to conclude yourselection followed by the RADARMENU key to close the FUNCTIONmenu.

dnegeLhtdiwesluP

dnab-X dnab-S

)esluptrohS(S – 80.0 µs

)1esluptrohS(1S 70.0 µs –

)2esluptrohS(2S 51.0 µs –

)1eslupmuideM(1M 3.0 µs 3.0 µs

)2eslupmuideM(2M 5.0 µs 6.0 µs

)eslupgnoL(L 2.1 µs 2.1 µs

For FR/FAR-2855, 2855W and 2565SW,0.3 µs becomes 0.2 µs.

Presetting pulsewidths 1 and 2

Pulsewidth 1 and 2 can be preset on thePulsewidth 1 and 2 menus. Shown beloware examples of the pulsewidth setup pro-cedure:

1. To enable selection of S1 (0.07 µs) andS2 (0.15 µs) pulsewidth on the 0.5 nmrange on an X-band model, select S1at 0.5 nm on the PULSEWIDTH 1menu and S2 at 0.5 nm on the PULSE-WIDTH 2 menu.

2. To enable selection of S2 (0.15 µs) andM1 (0.3 µs) pulsewidth on the 3 nmrange on an X-band model, select S2at 3 nm in the PULSEWIDTH 1 menuand M1 at 3 nm in the PULSEWIDTH2 menu.

A longer pulse provides an increased de-tection range, but with reduced discrimi-nation. If you need discrimination inpreference to detection, choose a shorterpulse.

Example: To select S1 (0.07 µs) asPulsewidth 1 for the 0.5 nm range, dis-play the PULSEWIDTH 1 menu followingthe steps shown above and hit the [2] keyto choose "2 0.5 NM." Further hit the [2]key until the menu option "S1" is high-lighted to the right of "2 0.5 NM."

Note: For FR-2815/2825, the menus onthe next page are for the R-type. Refer toparagraph 1.32 or the menus on the IMOtype.

1-13

1 [FUNCTIONS 1]2 RADAR 13 FUNCTION KEY 14 FUNCTION KEY 25 FUNCTION KEY 36 FUNCTION KEY 47 RADAR 28 ANCHOR WATCH9 0 [SYSTEM SETTING 2]

1/2

Hit [0].

1 [SYSTEM SETTING 1]2 EBL1 (R-type only) REL/TRUE 3 EBL2 (R-type only) REL/TRUE45 6 TRAIL REL/TRUE7 TRAIL GRAD SGL/MULT8 [PULSEWIDTH 1] (IMO-type only)9 [PULSEWIDTH 2] (IMO-type only)0 RADAR2

[RADAR 1]

Hit [RADAR MENU].

1 [RADAR 1]2 0.5 NM3 0.75 NM4 1.5 NM5 3 NM6 6 NM7 12-24 NM

S1/S2S1/S2S1/S2/M1S2/M1/M2M1/M2/LM2/L

Hit [8].

[PULSE WD 1]

[FUNCTIONS 2]

Hit [2].1 [RADAR 1]2 0.5 NM3 0.75 NM4 1.5 NM5 3 NM6 6 NM7 12-24 NM

S1/S2 S1/S2S1/S2/M1S2/M1/M2M1/M2/LM2/L

[PULSE WD 2]

Hit [9].

-- (Blank on S-band)-- (S/M1 on S-band)-- (S/M1 on S-band)-- (S/M1/M2 on S-band)

-- (Blank on S-band)-- (S/M1 on S-band)-- (S/M1 on S-band)-- (S/M1/M2 on S-band) * R-type only

1 PULSE WIDTH2 ECHO STRETCH3 ECHO AVERAGE4 PANEL DIMMER5 ECHO COLOR6 SHIP'S SPEED7 INDEX LINES8 SET/DRIFT

9 BRILLIANCE0 [SYSTEM SETTING 1]

1/2OFF/1/2OFF/1/2/3OFF/DIM/M/BRTYEL/GRN/COLOR*LOG/NAV*/MANNO.2 VRM/MANOFF/MANSET 000.0DRIFT 00.0 KT

[FUNCTIONS 1]

1-14

1.12 Adjusting the Sensitivity

The GAIN control is used to adjust thesensitivity of the receiver, and thus theintensity of echoes as they appear on thescreen. It should be adjusted so thatspeckled background noise is just visibleon the screen.

To become acquainted with the way theGAIN control works, try rotating it betweenfully counterclockwise and clockwise po-sitions while observing the radar picture.You will notice that clockwise rotation in-creases the echo intensity level. A lowgain setting results in the loss of weakechoes and a reduced detection range. Ifyou turn the GAIN control too far clock-wise for an excessive gain setting, desiredechoes will be masked in the strong back-ground noise.

OFF ON

EBL BRILL A/C RAIN GAINA/C SEA


GAIN control

1.13 Suppressing Sea Clutter

In rough weather conditions returns fromthe sea surface are received over sev-eral miles around own ship and maskclose targets. This situation can be im-proved by properly adjusting the A/C SEA(Anti-Clutter Sea) control.

OFF ON



A/C AUTO key A/C SEA control

A/C SEA controloff

A/C SEA controladjusted

Automatic anti-clutter control

The easiest way to suppress the surfaceclutter is to use the automatic control.Press the A/C AUTO key next to the EBLrotary control at the left corner on the con-trol panel. Use of a function key is also agood method for reducing sea clutter. Forthis purpose, presetting is required. Con-sult a FURUNO representative.

CAUTIONCAUTIONThe auto A/C function can erase weaktargets.

Manual anti-clutter control

From the fully counterclockwise position,slowly turn the A/C SEA control clockwise.For optimum target detection, you shouldleave speckles of the surface returnslightly visible.

The anti-clutter sea control is often re-ferred to as STC (Sensitivity Time Con-trol) which decreases the amplification ofthe receiver immediately after a radarpulse is transmitted, and progressivelyincreases the sensitivity as the range in-creases.

A common mistake is to over-adjust theA/C SEA control so that the surface clut-ter is completely removed. By rotatingthe control fully clockwise, you will seehow dangerous this can be; a dark zoneis created near the center of the screenand close-in targets can be lost. This darkzone is even more dangerous if the gain

1-15

has not been properly adjusted. Alwaysleave a little surface clutter visible on thescreen. If no surface clutter is observed(on a very calm water), set the control atthe fully counterclockwise position.

1.14 Suppressing PrecipitationClutter

In adverse weather conditions, clouds,rain or snow produce a lot of spray-likespurious echoes and impairs target de-tection over a long distance. This situa-tion can be improved by using a functionkey provided that it is so programmed. Ifthe function key fails to offer a favorablesuppression of the rain clutter, adjust theA/C RAIN control on the front controlpanel.

OFF ON



A/C RAINcontrol

The A/C RAIN control adjusts the receiversensitivity as the A/C SEA control doesbut rather in a longer time period (longerrange). Clockwise rotation of this controlincreases the anti-clutter effect.

A/C RAIN controlOFF

A/C RAIN controladjusted

1.15 Interference Rejector

Mutual radar interference may occur in thevicinity of another shipborne radar oper-ating in the same frequency band (9 GHzfor X-band, 3 GHz for S-band). It is seenon the screen as a number of bright spikeseither in irregular patterns or in the formof usually curved spoke-like dotted linesextending from the center to the edge ofthe picture. This type of interference canbe reduced by activating the interferencerejector circuit.

The interference rejector is a kind of sig-nal correlation circuit. It compares the re-ceived signals over successivetransmissions and suppresses randomlyoccurring signals. There are three levelsof interference rejection depending on thenumber of transmissions that are corre-lated. These are indicated by the legendsIR1, IR2 and IR3 at the upper-left posi-tion of the screen.

Mutual radar interference

Press the INT REJECT key to activate theinterference rejector circuit. Successivepresses of the key increase the effect ofinterference rejection, up to level 3. Afourth press deactivates the interferencerejector. Switch off the interference rejec-tor when no interference exists; otherwiseweak targets may be lost.

HLOFF

ECHOTRAILS

MODE

ORIGINMARK

VECTORTRUE/REL

VECTORTIME

GUARDALARM

EBLOFFSET

OFFCENTER

X2ZOOM

BKGRCOLOR

INDEXLINES

CU, TMRESET

INTREJECT

RINGS

Inside mode panel

1-16

Note: For stable reception of certain typesof radar beacons (racons) or SART(Search and Rescue Radar Transponder)as required by SOLAS 1974 as amended1988 (GMDSS), it is recommended to turnthe interference rejector off.

1.16 Measuring the Range

Use the fixed range rings to obtain a roughestimate of the range to a target. Theyare concentric solid circles about ownship, or the sweep origin. The number ofrings is automatically determined by theselected range scale and their interval isdisplayed at the upper-left position of thescreen. Press the RINGS key on themode panel to show the fixed range ringsif they are not displayed. Successivepresses of the RINGS key gradually in-crease their brightness in 4 steps and fifthpress erases the range rings.

Use the Variable Range Markers (VRMs)for more accurate measurement of therange to a target. There are two VRMs,No.1 and No.2, which appear as dashedrings so that you can discriminate themfrom the fixed range rings. The two VRMscan be distinguished from each other bydifferent lengths of dashes.

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No.1VRM

Targetblip

No.2VRM

VRM>0.665NM< 1.186NM

Active VRM is identifiedwith this marker.

Measuring the range

Press the VRM ON key to display eitherof the VRMs.

Successive presses of the VRM ON keytoggle the active VRM between No.1 andNo.2 and the currently active VRM read-out is circumscribed by >.....<.

Align the active VRM with the inner edgeof the target of interest and read its dis-tance at the lower-right corner of thescreen. Each VRM remains at the samegeographical distance when you operatethe RANGE+ or RANGE- key. This meansthat the apparent radius of the VRM ringchanges in proportion to the selectedrange scale.

Press the VRM OFF key to key to eraseeach VRM.

1.17 Measuring the Bearing

Use the Electronic Bearing Lines (EBLs)to take bearings of a target. There are twoEBLs, No.1 and No.2, which are toggledby successive presses of the EBL ON key.Each EBL is a straight dashed line extend-ing out from the own ship position up tothe circumference of the radar picture.The fine dashed line is the No.1 EBL andthe coarse dashed one is the No.2 EBL.

Press the EBL ON key to display either ofthe EBLs.

Successive presses of the EBL ON keytoggle the active EBL between No.1 andNo.2 and the currently active EBL read-out is circumscribed by >...<.

Rotate the EBL rotary control clockwiseor counterclockwise until the active EBLbisects the target of interest, and read itsbearing at the lower-left corner of thescreen.

The EBL readout is affixed by "R" (rela-tive) if it is relative to own ship's heading,"T" (true) if it is referenced to the north,as determined by RADAR 2 menu set-tings.

Each EBL carries a range marker, or ashort line crossing the EBL at right anglesand its distance from the EBL origin is in-dicated at the VRM readout whether or

1-17

not the corresponding VRM is displayed.The range marker changes its positionalong the EBL with the rotation of the VRMcontrol.

Press the EBL OFF key to erase eachEBL.

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330340 350No.2

EBLTargetblip

No.1EBL

VRM>0.978NM< 1.118NM

EBL> 32.5°T< 298.0°T

Active EBL is indicatedwith this marker.

Range scalemarkers on EBLs

1.18 Collision Assessment byOffset EBL

The origin of the EBL can be placed any-where with the trackball to enable mea-surement of range and bearing betweenany targets. This function is also usefulfor assessment of the potential risk ofcollision. To assess possibility of collision:

1. Press the EBL ON key to display or ac-tivate an EBL (No.1 or 2).

2. Place the cursor (+) on a target of in-terest (A in the illustrated example) byoperating the trackball.

3. Press the EBL OFFSET key on themode panel, and the origin of the ac-tive EBL shifts to the cursor position.Press the EBL OFFSET key again toanchor the EBL origin.

4. After waiting for a few minutes (at least3 minutes), operate the EBL controluntil the EBL bisects the target at thenew position (A'). The EBL readoutshows the target ship's course, whichmay be true or relative depending onthe settings on the RADAR 2 menu.

If relative motion is selected, it is alsopossible to read CPA (Closest Point ofApproach) by using a VRM as shownbelow (Figure (a)). If the EBL passesthrough the sweep origin (own ship) asillustrated (Figure (b)), the target shipis on a collision course.

5. To return the EBL origin to the ownship's position, press the EBL OFFSETkey again.

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(a) Evaluating target ship's course and CPA in relative motion mode

(b) Target ship on collision course

No.1 VRM

A

A1

Cursor

No.1 EBL

VRM> 3.85NM<

EBL> 140.0°R<

VRM> 0.00NM<

EBL> 118.2°R<

AA1

Cursor

No.1 EBL

1-18

1.19 Measuring Range andBearing Between TwoTargets

Press the EBL OFFSET key, and placethe origin of No.1 EBL, for example, on atarget of interest (target 1 in the illustratedexample) by operating the trackball.

Turn the EBL control until the EBL passesthrough another target of interest (target2).

Turn the VRM control until the rangemarker aligns with target 2. The activeVRM readout at the lower-right corner ofthe screen indicates the distance betweenthe two targets.

You can repeat the same procedure onthird and forth targets (targets 3 and 4)by using No.2 EBL and No.2 VRM.

Bearing is shown relative to own ship withsuffix "R" or as a true bearing with suffix"T" depending on EBL relative/true set-tings on the RADAR 2 menu. To returnthe EBL origin to the own ship position,press the EBL OFFSET key again.

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EBLorigin

VRM> 0.505NM< 0.985NM

EBL> 140.0°R< 335.2°R

R1

R2

No.1 VRM

No.2 VRM

R2

Target 3

Target 4

Target 1

Target 2

Rangemarker

No.1EBL

No.2EBL

Rangemarker

Range/bearingbetween targets1 and 2

Range/bearingbetween targets3 and 4

1.20 Setting a Guard Zone(Guard Alarm)

CAUTIONThe guard zone (guard alarm) feature should never be relied upon as the sole means for detecting the risk of potential collision. The operator of a ship is not relieved of the responsibility to keep visual lookout for avoiding collisions, whether or not the radar is in use.

A guard zone (guard alarm) may be setto alert the navigator to targets (ships,landmasses, etc.) entering a certain areawith visual and audible alarms.

The guard zone (guard alarm) has a fixedwidth of 0.5 nm in the radial direction andis adjustable only within 3.0 to 6.0 nm fromown ship. The guard zone (guard alarm)can be set to any sector angle between 0and 360 degrees in any direction.

To set a guard zone (guard alram):

1. Place the cursor (+) at point "A" (seefigure at the top of the next page) us-ing the trackball and press the GUARDALARM key on the mode panel (left keygroup). The message SET GUARDappears at the bottom-right corner ofthe screen.

HLOFF

ECHOTRAILS MODE

ORIGINMARK

VECTORTRUE/REL

GUARDALARM

EBLOFFSET

Inside mode panel

OFFCENTER

1-19

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330340 350 Guard zone

(guard alarm)

Guard zone (guard alarm)be set between 3 and 6 nm on G-type; at anydistance from own shipon R- and N-types.

A B

3 nm

6 nm

2. Move the cursor (+) to point "B" andpress the GUARD ALARM key. Then,a guard zone (guard alarm) as illus-trated is created and the label GUARDappears instead of SET GUARD at thelower-right corner of the screen.

Note: If you wish to create a guardzone (guard alarm) having a 360-degree coverage around own ship, setpoint "B" in almost the same direction(approx. ±3°) as point "A" and pressthe GUARD ALARM key.

Silencing audible alarm,reactivating guard alarm

A target entering the guard zone (guardalarm) produces both visual (flashing) andaudible (beeping) alarms. To silence theaudible alarm, press the GUARD ALARMkey, and the label GUARD ACK replacesGUARD on the display.

This will deactivate the audible alarm butwill not stop the flashing of the target inthe guard zone (guard alarm). To reacti-vate the audible alarm, press the GUARDALARM key again.

Disabling guard zone (guard alarm)

Hold the GUARD ALARM key depressedfor at least 3 seconds.

Note: The guard alarm is given to targetshaving a certain level of echo strength.This level does not always imply a land-mass, reef, ships or other surface objectsbut can mean returns from the sea sur-face or precipitation. Properly adjust the

GAIN, A/C SEA, and A/C RAIN controlsto reduce noise to avoid generation ofguard alarm against false target detection.

Inward and outward guard alarms

On the R-type, an inward or outwardguard alarm can be selected on the RA-DAR 2 menu. On the IMO type, only theinward guard alarm is available. The in-ward guard alarm generates visual andaudible warnings when an approachingtarget enters the guard zone (guardalarm) from any direction. The outwardguard alarm is produced when a targetleaves the guard zone.

(a) Inward guard alarm available on IMO and R-types

(b) Outward guard alarm available on R-type only

1.21 Off-Centering

Own ship position, or sweep origin, canbe displaced to expand the view field with-out switching to a larger range scale. Onthe R-type, the sweep origin can be off-centered to a point specified by the cur-sor, up to 100% of the range in use in anydirection. On the IMO-type, the sweeporigin can be off-centered to the cursorposition, but not more than 75% of therange in use; if the cursor is set beyond75% of the range scale, the sweep originwill be off-centered to the point of 75% ofthe limit.

This feature is not available on the long-est range scale. The number of rangerings increases keeping the original rangeintervals unchanged.

To off center the radar picture:

1. Place the cursor at a position whereyou wish to move the sweep origin byoperating the trackball.

1-20

2. Press the OFF CENTER key. Then, thesweep origin is off-centered to the cur-sor position.

3. To cancel off-centering, press the OFFCENTER key again.

HLOFF

ECHOTRAILS MODE

ORIGINMARK

VECTORTRUE/REL

VECTORTIME

GUARDALARM

EBLOFFSET

OFFCENTER

Inside mode panel

CursorCursor

Off-centered to cursor position – Max.offset100% of range in use on R-type75% of range in use on IMO-type

The picture cannot be off centered inthe true motion mode.

1.22 Echo Stretch

On long ranges target echoes tend toshrink in the bearing direction, makingthem difficult to see. On short and me-dium ranges such as 1.5, 3 and 6 nmscales, the same size targets get smalleron screen as they approach the own ship.These are due to the inherent property ofthe radiation pattern produced by the an-tenna. To enhance target video, use theecho stretch function. There are twotypes: echo stretch 1 for long range de-tection and echo stretch 2 on 1.5-6 nmscales.

To activate the echo stretch:


2. Press the [2] key to select 2 ECHOSTRETCH.

3. Press [2] until Echo Stretch option 1, 2or OFF as desired is highlighted.

4. Press the ENTER key to conclude yourselection followed by the RADARMENU key to close the FUNCTIONSmenu.

Hit [RADAR MENU].

* R-type only




[FUNCTIONS 1]

(a) Echo stretch 1 for 12 nm range and above

Enlarged in bearing(circumferential)direction with ES1

(b) Echo stretch 2 for 1.5–6 nm ranges

Enlarged withES2

If a distant targetis hard to see, useES 1.

If a target becomessmaller as itapproaches ownship, use ES 2.

Notes:

1) If the 1.5 nm range is preset forpulsewidth of S1 (0.08 µs) or S2 (0.2µs), and the 3 nm scale for S2 (0.2 µs),the echo stretch function is not avail-able on these range scales.

1-21

2) The echo stretch function magnifies notonly small target pips but also returnsfrom sea surface, rain and radar inter-ference. For this reason make surethese types of interference have beensufficiently suppressed before activat-ing this function.

1.23 Echo Averaging

The echo average feature effectively sup-presses sea clutter. Echoes received fromstable targets such as ships appear onthe screen at almost the same positionevery rotation of the antenna. On the otherhand, unstable echoes such as sea clut-ter appear at random positions.

To distinguish real target echoes from seaclutter, this radar performs scan-to-scancorrelation. Correlation is made by stor-ing and averaging echo signals over suc-cessive picture frames. If an echo is solidand stable, it is presented in its normalintensity. Sea clutter is averaged over suc-cessive scans resulting in the reduced bril-liance, making it easier to discriminate realtargets from sea clutter.

To properly use the echo average func-tion, it is recommended to first suppresssea clutter with the A/C SEA control andthen do the following:


Hit [RADAR MENU].

* R-type only




[FUNCTIONS 1]

2. Press the [3] key to select 3 ECHOSTRETCH.

3. Press [3] until echo average option 1,

2 or OFF as desired is highlighted.

OFF: No averaging effect1: Helps distinguish targets from

sea clutter and suppressesbrilliance of unstable echoes

2: Distinguishes small stationarytargets such as navigationbuoys.

3: Stably displays distant targets.


(a) Echo average OFF (b) Echo average ON

Echo averaging uses scan-to-scan signalcorrelation technique based on the truemotion over the ground of each target.Thus, small stationary targets such asbuoys will be shown while suppressingrandom echoes such as sea clutter. Trueecho average is not however effective forpicking up small targets running at highspeeds over the ground.

Echo average is inoperable when a gyro-compass signal is not available. If youwish to use this feature without a gyro-compass signal, consult a FURUNO rep-resentative.

Manual speed entry is done at menu item6 SHIP'S SPEED on the FUNCTIONSmenu which is accessed by pressing theRADAR MENU key.

CAUTIONCAUTIONDo not use the Echo Average feature underheavy pitching and rolling; loss of truetargets can result.

1-22

1.24 Electronic Plotting Aid(EPA)

A maximum 10 operator-selected targetscan be plotted electronically (manually)to assess their motion trend. Five past po-sitions can be displayed for each of theplotted targets. If you enter a 7th plot ona certain target, the oldest plot (past po-sition) will be erased.

A vector appears when you enter a sec-ond plot for the target and is updated eachtime a new plot is entered. The vectorshows the target motion trend based onits latest two plots.

Alphanumeric readouts at the upper right-hand corner of the screen show range,bearing, course, speed, CPA, TCPA, BCRand BCT of the last-plotted target.

It should be noted that the true course andtrue speed data are not updated in realtime.

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RNG 4.91NMBRG 226.1°T

TRU CSE 263.3°TTRU SPD 12.4KT

EPA

TRUE VECTOR 1 MIN WT


E-plot label

Targetdata

Vector

13:281

1

Note: EPA reguires own speed input (au-tomatic or manual) and a compass sig-nal. The vector and data are updated onreal time between plot entires. Note thatthe plots will be lost when the compassfails.

Plotting a target

To perform electronic plotting:

1. Place the cursor(+) on a target of in-terest by operating the trackball.

2. Select a desired plot no. by pressingone of the plot no. keys on the plottingkeypad.

3. Press the ACQ key on the operatorcontrol panel, and the selected plot no.is marked at the cursor position.

4. Watching the EPA time (TIM xx:xx)shown at the upper right margin of thescreen, wait for at least 30 seconds.Place the cursor (+) on the target at itsnew location, select the same plot no.for the target and press the ACQ key.

The plot no. moves to the new targetposition and previous position ismarked by a small dot.

5. To acquire other targets, repeat theabove steps selecting different plot no.

Note: If a target once plotted is not plot-ted again within 10 minutes, the warning"UPDATE PLOT No" will appear on theupper right margin of the screen and theplot no. of the target flashes. If you wantto continue plotting this target, reacquireit within five minutes. Otherwise, the tar-get will be regarded as a "lost target" andits plot no. and target data will be erased.The larger the plotting interval, the lessaccurate the plotted target data.

When a target has been plotted more thanonce, the radar calculates its motion trendand automatically displays a vector on thetarget.

If you make entry of plot at the uninten-tional position by mistake, re-enter the plotno. at the intentional position within fiveseconds. Then, a correction is accepted.

1-23

True or relative vector

True vectors can be displayed with refer-ence to the north. Press the VECTORTRUE/REL key to select the proper indi-cation. This feature is available in all pre-sentation modes (gyrocompass must beworking correctly). The current vectormode is indicated at the upper-right cor-ner of the screen.

Vector time

Vector time (or the length of vectors) canbe set to 30 sec, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 15 or 30minutes and the selected vector time isindicated at the upper-right corner of thescreen. Press the VECTOR TIME keyuntil the desired vector time is reached.The vector tip shows an estimated posi-tion of the target after the selected vectortime elapses. It can be valuable to extendthe vector length to evaluate the risk ofcollision with any target.

Target data

The radar calculates motion trends(range, bearing, course, speed, CPA,TCPA, BCR and BCT) of all plotted tar-gets.

In head-up and head-up true bearingmodes, target bearing, course and speedshown in the upper-right target data fieldbecome true (suffix "TRU") or relative (suf-fix "REL") to own ship in accordance withrelative vector setting. In north-up, course-up, and true motion modes, the target datafield always displays true bearing, truecourse and speed over the ground.

Reading the target data

Press the corresponding plot symbol key,and the following target data is displayed.

RNG/BRG (Range/Bearing): Range andbearing from own ship to last-plotted tar-get with suffix "T" (True) or "R" (Relative)plot symbol.

CSE/SPD (Course/Speed): Course andspeed are displayed for the last-plottedtarget with suffix "TRU" (True) or :"REL"(Relative) plot symbol.

CPA/TCPA: CPA (Closest Point of Ap-proach) is a closest range the target willapproach to own ship. TCPA is the Timeto CPA. Both CPA and TCPA are auto-matically calculated. TCPA is counted upto 99.9 min and beyond this, it is indicatedas TCPA > *99.9 MIN.

BCR/BCT: BCR (Bow Cross Range) isthe range at which target will cross ownship's bow. BCT (Bow Cross Time) is theestimated time at which target will crossown ship's bow. If BCR is negative, BCRreadout should be displayed as *.*. (WhenBCT is negative, BCT is x.x.)

Terminating target plotting

With EPA you can plot up to 10 targets.You may wish to terminate plotting of lessimportant targets to newly plot otherthreatening targets.

By Symbol: To terminate plotting of a cer-tain target, press the corresponding plotno. key. Then press the CANCEL key.

With Trackball: Place the cursor (+) ona target which you do not want to betracked any longer by operating thetrackball and press the CANCEL key.

All Targets: To terminate plotting of alltargets at once, press and hold the CAN-CEL key until all plot symbols and marksdisappear in about 3 seconds.

Entering own ship's speed

EPA requires an own ship speed input andcompass signal. The speed can be en-tered from a speed log (automatic) orthrough the plotting keypad (manual).

1-24

Automatic speed input


Hit [RADAR MENU].

* R-type only




[FUNCTIONS 1]

2. Press the [6] key to select menu item 6SHIP'S SPEED.

3. Press the [6] key to select (or highlight)LOG option.

4. Press the ENTER key to confirm yourselection followed by the RADARMENU key to close the FUNCTIONSmenu. The ship's speed readout at thescreen top shows own ship's speed fedfrom the speed log preceded by thelabel "LOG."

Notes:

1) IMO Resolution A.823(19) for ARPArecommends that a speed log to be in-terfaced with an ARPA should be ca-pable of providing through-the-waterspeed data.

2) Be sure not to select LOG when aspeed log is not connected. If the logsignal is not provided, the ship's speedreadout at the screen top will be blank.

Manual speed input

If the radar is not interfaced with a speedlog, or the speed log does not feed cor-rect speed enter the ship's speed as fol-lows:

1. Press the RADAR MENU key on plot-ting keypad to show the FUNCTIONSmenu.

2. Press the [6] key to select menu 6SHIP'S SPEED.

3. Press the [6] key to select (or highlight)MAN option.

4. Press the ENTER key to confirm se-lection. At this point, "MAN = XX. KT"appears at the bottom of FUNCTIONSmenu.

5. Enter the ship speed by hitting corre-sponding numeric keys followed by theENTER without omitting leading zeros,if any. A example, if the ship speed is 8knots, [0] [8] [ENTER].

6. Press the RADAR MENU key to closeFUNCTIONS menu. The ship speedread at the screen top shows own shipspeed entered preceded by the label"MAN."

1.25 Target Trails (Echo Trails)

Echo trails are simulated afterglow of tar-get echoes that represent their move-ments relative to own ship or truemovements with respect to land in a singletone or gradual shading depending on thesettings on the RADAR 1 menu.

True or relative trails

You may display echo trails in true or rela-tive motion. Relative trails show relativemovements between targets and ownship. True motion trails require a gyrocom-pass signal and own ship speed input tocancel out own ship's movement andpresent true target movements in accor-dance with their over-the-ground speedsand courses. Refer to the automatic andmanual speed input procedures for en-tering own ship's speed information.

1-25

(a) True echo trails without smearing of stationary targets

(b) Relative echo trails painted on all targets moving relative to own ship

Note: When true trail is selected on theRM mode, the legend TRUE TRAIL ap-pears in red. No true-relative selection onTM, it is only TRUE TRAIL on TM mode.

1 [SYSTEM SETTING 1]2 345 6 TRAIL REF REL/TRUE7 TRAIL GRAD SGL/MULT8 [PULSE WD 1]9 [PULSE WD 2]0 RADAR 2

[RADAR 1]

1 [FUNCTIONS]2 RADAR 13 FUNCTION KEY 14 FUNCTION KEY 25 FUNCTION KEY 36 FUNCTION KEY 47 RADAR 1/28 ANCHOR WATCH9 0 [SYSTEM SETTING 2]

[FUNCTIONS 2]

Hit [0].

Hit [2].

Hit [RADAR MENU].

* R-type only




[FUNCTIONS 1]

To select true or relative echo trail pre-sentation:


2. Press the [0] key to show the SYSTEMSETTING 1 menu.

3. Press the [2] key to show the RADAR1 menu.

4. Press the [6] key to select menu item 6TRAIL REF.

5. Press the [6] key to select (or highlight)REL (Relative) or TRUE option.

6. Press the ENTER key to confirm yourselection followed by the RADARMENU key to close the menu.

1-26

Trail gradation

Echo trails may be shown in monotoneor gradual shading. Gradual shadingpaints the trails getting thinner with timejust like the afterglow on an analog PPIradar.

Monotone(Single)

Gradual shading(Multi)

Selection of monochrome or gradualshading requires almost the same opera-tion as for true or relative trails setup pro-cedure described above except that youshould:

- Press the [7] key to select menuitem 7 TRAIL GRAD (graduation) instep 4.

- Press the [7] key to select (or high-light) SGL (single tone) or MULT(multiple shading) option in step 5.

Displaying and erasing echo trails

Press the ECHO TRAILS key to activateor deactivate the echo trails feature.

HLOFF

ECHOTRAILS MODE

ORIGINMARK

VECTORTRUE/REL

VECTORTIME

GUARDALARM

EBLOFFSET

OFFCENTER

Each press of the ECHO TRAILS keywithin 5 seconds cyclically changes echotrail length (time) to 30 seconds, 1, 3, 6,15 and 30 minutes, continuous echo trail-ing and OFF. The current echo trail set-ting is displayed at the lower-right cornerof the screen.

OFF → 30 sec → 1 min → 3 min → 6 min

Continuous ← 30 min ← 15 min ↵

↵

Suppose that "3 MIN" has just been se-lected. If the ECHO TRAILS key is hitmore than 5 seconds later, echo trails areremoved from the display (memory stillalive with echo trail timer count going on).Next hitting of the key calls out the echotrails on the screen. To proceed to longerplot intervals, successively push theECHO TRAILS key with a hit-and-releaseaction. The larger the echo trail length,the larger the echo trail plot interval.

Note: Holding the ECHO TRAILS key de-pressed for about 3 seconds will cause aloss of echo trail data so far stored in anin memory.

Resetting echo trails

To reset (or clear) the echo trail memory,hold the ECHO TRAILS key depressedfor about 3 seconds. Echo trails arecleared and the trailing process restartsfrom time count zero at current echo trailplot interval. When memory assigned toecho trailing becomes the echo trail timerat the lower-right corner of the screenfreezes and the oldest trails are erasedto show the latest trails.

1.26 Parallel Index Lines

Parallel index lines are useful for keepinga constant distance between own shipand a coastline or a partner ship whennavigating. Index lines are drawn in par-allel with the No.2 EBL (No.2 EBL mustbe active). The orientation of the indexlines is controlled with the EBL control andthe intervals between the lines adjustedwith the VRM rotary control (provided thatNo.2 VRM is active).

Maximum number of the index line canbe set the Initial Setting menu: 2, 3 or 6.

1-27

No.2 EBL

Index lines

Displaying and erasing the indexlines

1. Press the INDEX LINES key if the in-dex lines are not already shown.

2. Make sure that the No.2 EBL is activeand orient the index lines in a desireddirection with the EBL rotary control.

3. To erase the index lines, press the IN-DEX LINES key again.

HMOFF

ECHOTRAILS

MODE

ORIGINMARK

VECTORTRUE/REL

VECTORTIME

GUARDALARM

EBLOFFSET

OFFCENTER

X2ZOOM

BKGRCOLOR

INDEXLINES

CU, TMRESET

INTREJECT

RINGS

Inside mode panel

Adjusting index line intervals


Hit [RADAR MENU].

* R-type only




[FUNCTIONS 1]

2. Press the [7] key to select menu item 7INDEX LINES.

3. Press the [7] key to select (or highlight)No.2 VRM or MAN (manual) option.

4. Press the ENTER key to conclude yourselection.

5. If you have selected MAN in step 3above, "MAN = XX.XX NM" appearsat the bottom of the FUNCTIONSmenu. Enter a desired line interval byhitting numeric keys followed by theENTER key without omitting leadingzeroes, if any. There are six index linesbut the number of lines visible on thescreen may be less than six depend-ing on the line setting interval.

6. If you have selected NO.2 VRM in step3 above, make sure that the No.2 VRMis active and adjust the spacing be-tween the index lines by operating theVRM control.

7. Press the RADAR MENU key to closethe FUNCTIONS menu.

1-28

1.27 Anchor Watch

The anchor watch feature helps you moni-tor whether own ship is dragged by windand/or tide while at anchor. This featurerequires ship position data from a suitableradio navigational aid. Provided that ownship's physical data has been entered, anown ship mark can be displayed when theanchor watch feature is activated. Themessage "ANCHOR WATCH ERR" ap-pears in red when position data is not in-putted.

Notes:

1) The own ship mark is available on theR-type radar only; unavailable on theIMO type.

2) The own ship mark is created with dataon ship's length, width, radar antennalocation, etc. To display an own shipmark, ask your nearest FURUNO rep-resentative or dealer.

Anchor watch in standby ortransmit status

IMO-type

On the IMO type the anchor watch fea-ture is available only in STANDBY status.

R-type

On the R-type the anchor watch featureis available in either STANDBY orTRANSMIT status.

Activating anchor watch

To set up the anchor watch feature:

1. On the ANCHOR WATCH menu, pressthe [2] key to select menu item 2 AN-CHOR WATCH OFF/ON.

2. Further press the [2] key to select (orhighlight) ON, followed by the ENTERkey to conclude your selection. Thelabel WATCH appears at the lower-leftcorner of the screen.

3. Press the [3] key to select menu item 3ALARM OFF/ON. Further press the [3]key to select (or highlight) ON or OFF,followed by the ENTER key to concludeyour selection. (This operation deter-mines whether to activate the anchorwatch audible alarm.)

Alarm range setting

Press the [4] key to select menu item 4ALARM RANGE on the ANCHORWATCH menu. Enter a desired alarmrange between 0.1 and 9.999 nm withnumeric keys and press the ENTER keyto conclude your key input.

An anchor watch alarm circle thus estab-lished shows up as a red circle on thescreen. When own ship is dragged out ofthis alarm circle, an audible alarm is gen-erated and the on-screen label ANCHORWATCH turns red.

To silence the audible alarm, press theAUDIO OFF key on the control panel.

1 [FUNCTIONS]2 RADAR 13 FUNCTION KEY 14 FUNCTION KEY 25 FUNCTION KEY 36 FUNCTION KEY 47 RADAR 1/28 ANCHOR WATCH9 0 [SYSTEM SETTING 2]

[SYSTEM SETTING 1]

Hit [0].

1 [SYSTEM SETTING 1]2 ANCHOR WATCH3 ALARM4 ALARM RANGE5 HISTORY

[ANCHOR WATCH]

Hit [9].

OFF/ON OFF/ON0.000 NM OFF/ON

Hit [RADAR MENU].

* R-type only




[FUNCTIONS 1]

1-29

Showing drag line

Press the [5] key to select menu item 5HISTORY on the ANCHOR WATCHmenu. Further press the [5] key to select(or highlight) ON, followed by the ENTERkey to conclude your selection.

A drag line, or a series of dots along whichown ship was carried by wind and watercurrent, appears as illustrated below.During the first 50-minute period, dots orown ship's past positions are plotted ev-ery minute. When 50 dots have been plot-ted in 50 minutes, the plot intervalbecomes 2 minutes and up to 25 dots areplotted during the succeeding 50-minuteperiod. Next, the dot interval becomes 4minutes and the maximum number of dotswill be 12.

Draggedpositions

Present ownship position

Initial own ship position

Alarm circle

(a) Anchor watch in true motion mode

Alarmcircle


Own ship's pastpositions draggedby wind/tide

(b) Anchor watch in head-up mode

1.28 Origin Mark

You can mark any dangerous point, promi-nent target or a particular reference pointusing the origin mark feature. This markis geographically fixed.

To use the origin mark:

1. Place the cursor (+) at a point whereyou want to place a reference mark byoperating the trackball.

2. Press the ORIGIN MARK key on theplotting keypad. The origin mark ap-pears at the cursor position of whichrange and bearing are indicated at thelower-left section of the screen.

3. To measure the range and bearing toa target of interest from the origin mark,move the cursor to the target of inter-est. Then, the range and bearing fromthe origin mark to the target are shownat the target data display.

4. To erase the origin mark, press theORIGIN MARK key once again.

000 010 020030

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Originmark

+3.1NM 123.5°T

ORIGINMARK

VECTORTRUE/REL

VECTORTIME

RADARMENU

Plotting keypad

Originmark data

1-30

1.29 Zoom

The zoom function is available on the R-type radar only to enlarge an area of in-terest.

1. Place the cursor (+) close to the pointof interest by operating the trackball.

2. Press the X2 ZOOM key. The areaaround the cursor and own ship is en-larged twice as large as the original sizeand the label ZOOM appears at thelower-left corner of the screen.

3. To cancel zoom, press the X2 ZOOMkey again.

Note: The zoom feature is inoperativewhen the display is off centered.

HLOFF

ECHOTRAILS

MODE

ORIGINMARK

VECTORTRUE/REL

VECTORTIME

GUARDALARM

EBLOFFSET

OFFCENTER

X2ZOOM

BKGRCOLOR

INDEXLINES

ZOOM key is available on R-type only.Blank key top on N- and G-types.

+

Cursor

+

(a) Cursor placed at point of interest

Cursor

(b) Zoom in (R-type only)

1.30 Markers

Heading marker

The heading marker indicates the ship'sheading in all presentation modes. It ap-

pears at zero degrees on the bearingscale in head-up mode, in any directiondepending on the ship orientation in north-up and true motion modes.

Temporarily erasing heading marker

To temporarily extinguish the headingmarker to look at targets existing deadahead of own ship, press the HM OFFkey on the mode panel. The headingmarker reappears when the key is re-leased.

North marker

The north marker appears as a shortdashed line. In the head-up mode, thenorth marker moves around the bearingscale in accordance with the compasssignal.

Stern marker

The stern marker (a dot-and-dash line)appears opposite to the heading marker.This marker can be displayed on the R-type only provided that STERN MARK ONis selected on the RADAR 2 menu.

1.31 Menu Keys

Three menu keys are provided on the plot-ting keypad: RADAR MENU, E-AUTOPLOT MENU and NAV MENU keys.

RADAR MENU: Permits setting of basicradar parameters.

E, AUTO PLOT MENU: Provides a choiceof standard or large size of plotting sym-bols for plot.

NAV MENU: Provides a choice of navi-gation data for on-screen display. Alsoselects display data for the Video Plotter.

ORIGINMARK

VECTORTRUE/REL

VECTORTIME

RADARMENU

ORIGINMARK

VECTORTRUE/REL

VECTORTIME

E,AUTOPLOTMENU

TARGETDATA

TARGETBASEDDATA

AUTOPLOT

TRIAL LOSTTARGET

HISTORY

MARK CHARTALIGN

VIDEOPLOT

NAVMENU

1 2 3

654

7 8 9

ENTERCANCEL

– 9

1-31

1.32 RADAR 1 and 2 Menu Settings

R-type

1-32

IMO-type radar

1-33

1.33 Function Keys

The four function keys (#1-4) on the con-trol panel work like the auto-dialing fea-ture of a telephone, instantly calling outdesired settings to perform specially as-signed functions. The function keys pro-vide optimum radar settings for a specificpurpose with a single key operation.

Each function key can be assigned a com-bination of particular radar settings thatwill be most suited to your specific navi-gating purpose, and an adhesive label(such as BUOY, HARBOR, COAST or thelike) is usually attached to the key top foreasy identification of the assigned pur-pose.

The individual function keys are preset,or programmed, for the following pur-poses by qualified service personnel atthe time of installation using the proce-dures described in the succeeding para-graphs:

Function key #1: Picture setupFunction keys #2 and #3: Picture setup

and specificoperation

Function key #4: Specific operation orwatch alarm

Picture setup

Suppose that you have been navigatingalong a coast for hours and now you areapproaching a harbor, your final destina-tion. You will have to adjust your radar tochange from the settings for coastal navi-gation to those for harbor approach. Ev-ery time your navigating environment ortask changes, you must adjust the radar,which can be a nuisance in a busy situa-tion. Instead of changing radar settingscase by case, it is possible to assign thefunction keys to provide optimum settingsfor often encountered situations.

The radar's internal computer offers sev-eral picture setup options to be assignedto each function key for your specific navi-gating requirements. For instance, one ofthe function keys may be assigned thebuoy detecting function and labeledBUOY on the key top. If you press thiskey, the radar will be instantly set for opti-mum detection of navigation buoys andsimilar objects and the label BUOY isshown at the left margin of the screen. Ifyou re-press the same key, the radar re-turns to the previous settings.

OFF ON

EBL BRILL A/C RAIN

OFF ON

VRM

RANGE

ACQ

AUDIOOFF

ST-BY

TX

GAINA/C SEA


Function key #1

Function key #2

Function key #3

Function key #4

1-34

The picture setup options assignable toany of the function keys are shown in thetable below.

Picture setup options for function keys

Label Description

RIVER Optimum setting for navigation on a river.

BUOY Optimum setting for detecting navigation buoys, small vessels and other small surface objects.

SHIP Optimum setting for detecting vessels.

SHORT Optimum setting for short range detection using a range scale of 6 nm or larger.

CRUISING For cruising using a range scale of 1.5 nm or larger.

HARBOR Optimum setting for short range navigation in a harbor area using a range scale of 1.5 nm or less.

COAST For coastal navigation using a range of 12 nm or less.

OCEAN Transoceanic voyage using a range scale of 12 nm or larger.

ROUGH SEA

Optimum setting for rough weather or heavy rain.

Each picture setup option defines a com-bination of several radar settings forachieving optimum setup for a particularnavigating situation. Those involved areinterference rejector, echo stretch, echoaverage, automatic anti-clutter,pulsewidth and noise rejector settings.

Adjusting these features on a function keymenu changes the original function keysettings. To restore the original settingsfor a particular function key, it is neces-sary to display the relevant function keymenu and select appropriate menu op-tions.

Note: Function key presetting requires agood knowledge of optimum radar set-tings. If you want to change the originalfunction key settings, consult your near-est FURUNO representative or dealer.

Specific operation

Most often used controls are placed onthe center panel while less often usedcontrols are provided inside the coveredcompartments on the right and left sides.To avoid opening the covers or menus toset up the radar for a particular situation,function keys #2, #3 and #4 may be as-signed a combination of the following set-tings at the time of installation.

- Head-up, Course-up, North-up or TrueMotion (See paragraph 1.9.)

- Echo trails (See paragraph 1.25.)- Course-up and True Motion reset

function (See paragraph 1.9.)- Off-centering (See paragraph 1. 21.)- Echo stretch 1 or 2 (See paragraph

1.22.)- Pulsewidth 1 or 2 (See paragraph

1.11.)- Echo averaging 1, 2 or 3 (See para-

graph 1 .23.)- Echo color (See paragraph 1.32.)- Echo trail graduation (See paragraph

1.23.)- Panel illumination- Label brilliance- Noise rejection

Provided that the function key is assignedthe specific operation feature, press thekey to instantly set the radar for the pre-set purpose. The corresponding label willbe displayed at the left margin of thescreen. If you re-press the function key,the radar returns to the previous settings.

Note: Function key presetting requires agood knowledge of optimum radar set-tings. If you want to change the originalfunction key settings, consult your near-est FURUNO representative or dealer.

1-35

Watch alarm

The watch alarm sounds an externalbuzzer selected time intervals to help youkeep regular watch of the radar picturefor safety or other purposes. This featurecan be assigned to function key #4 with achoice of alarm intervals of 3, 6, 10, 12,15 and 20 minutes. (See the flowchart onpage 1-39 for keystroke sequence.)

Provided that function key #4 is assignedthe watch alarm feature, just press func-tion key #4 to activate the feature. Thelabel WATCH appears at the lower-leftcorner of the screen associated with awatch alarm timer counts down from theinitial value (namely, "12:00").

When an audible watch alarm is releasedthe preset time interval has elapsed, thescreen label WATCH turns red and thewatch alarm timer freezes at "0:00."

To silence the alarm, press the AUDIOkey. The label WATCH turns to normalcolor and the watch alarm timer is resetto the initial value and starts the count-down sequence again.

If you press the AUDIO OFF key beforethe selected time interval is reached, thewatch alarm timer is reset to the initialvalue and starts the count-down se-quence again.

1-38

Setting for function key #3

1-39

Setting for function key #4

1.34 EPA Menu

1 CPA/TCPA WARNING OFF/ON

CPA 0.0NMTCPA 00.0 MIN

2 MARK SIZE STD/LARGE3 PLOT NO. OFF/ON4 REL VECT TGT DATA REL/TRUE5 AUDIO ALARM OFF/ON

[EPA]

Hit [E, AUTO PLOT MENU].

EPA menu appears by pressing the E,AUTO PLOT MENU key. You can set thefollowing items.

1. COLLISION ALARM: You can set CPAand TCPA for the tracked target. Referto 2.12 Setting CPA/TCPA Alarm range.Note that TCPA setting is available overone-minute.

2. MARK SIZE: Change the size of theplotting.

3. PLOT NO.: Displays or hides plot num-ber at the rigth side of the plot symbol(circle and square). The selected tar-get (square) has its number thoughPLOT NO. is OFF.

4. REL VECT TGT DATA: When the tar-get vector is relative, select the targetdata mode REL(ative) or TRUE on HUand HUTB. For CU, NU and NUTMmodes, the target data is always TRUE.

5. AUDIO ALARM: Select the audio alarmOn or OFF for the target generating thecollision alarm.

1-40

1.35 NAV INFORMATION Menuand Navigation DataDisplay

Various navigation data can be displayedon the radar screen. The data includes,depending on whether appropriate infor-mation is fed into the radar, own ship po-sition, cursor position, waypoint data, winddata, water current data, depth data, wa-ter temperature, rudder angle, rate of turnand navigation lane.

Note that data not directly related with theradar presentation is not available. Shownbelow is a typical navigational data dis-play.

1. Press the NAV MENU key on the plot-ting keypad to show the NAV INFOR-MATION menu.

2. Select navigation data input device andpress the ENTER key to confirm yourselection.

3. Also, set other nav data parameters asappropriate referring to the operationflow shown on the next page.

4. Press the NAV MENU key to close theNAV INFORMATION menu.

Notes:

1) Own ship position display requires aninput from an EPFS (electronics posi-tion-fixing system) such as a GPS re-ceiver or a Loran-C receiver. Such anEPFS should be of the type which pro-vides output data in accordance withIEC 61162.

2) When the sensor in use changes (ex.from GPS or DGPS), the name of sen-sor in the own ship call turns red, andEPFS label appears. To erase, pressthe CANCEL key.

Displaying External Waypoint

The mark and data of external waypointfrom an EPFS can be displayed by set-ting NAV LINE menu as follows. To dis-play the menu, press [NAV MENU] [7] inorder.

[WAYPOINT]

1 [NAV INFORMATION 1]2 WPT OFF/ON

4 WPT LINE OFF/ON5 WPT NO. OFF/ON

8 ARRIVAL ALARM* OFF/ON0.00 NM

Note: When the waypoint is more than5000 nm, from own ship, the data reads">5000 nm".

1-41

000 010 020030

040

050

060

070

080

090

100

110

120

130

140

150160170180190

200210

220

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250

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270

280

290

300

310

320

330340 350

W10

W11

W12Intendedcourse

Waypoints+4.7NM 123.5°R 2.2NM29.5°R

OWN PSN 35°20.370N 141°18.390E

+ PSN 35°20.370N 141°18.390E

Range and bearingfrom origin markto cursor

Range and bearingto next waypoint

Cursor position inlatitude and longitude

Own shipposition

When WPL and RTE sentences are input, the following display appears by selectingNAV LINE ON.

WA1

WA2

WA3

WA4

Working route

When WPL and RTE sentences are input,the following display appears by selecting NAV LINE ON.

1-42

1.36 Radar Map

A radar map is combination of map linesand symbols whereby the user can de-fine and input the navigation, route plan-ning and monitoring data on the radarequipment. Map lines are navigationalfacility whereby the observer can definelines to indicate channels or traffic sepa-ration schemes. Also called nav lines,these line can be ground stabilized to stopthem drifting. (Definition in Annex C of IEC60936-1 and IEC 60872-1)

Marking radar map

Select mark entry mode as follows.

1. Press the NAV MENU key to displaythe NAV INFORMATION 1 menu.

2. Press [1] key to display the RADARMAP menu.

[RADAR MAP]1 [NAV INFORMATION 1]2 MAP OFF/ON3 NAV DATA POSN4 ALIGN +CURSOR OFF/ON5 MARK ENTRY MODE CORSOR/L/L/OWN SHIP POSN6 ERASE MARK OFF/AREA/ALL

3. Press [2] key to twice to select ON, andthen press the ENTER key. MAP indi-cation appears at the right-hand of thescreen.

4. Press [5] key several times to selectthe entry mode, cursor, L/L or own shipposition.

5. Press the ENTER key followed by theNAV MENU key.

A radar map contain 1500 points of markand line data.

Mark a radar map as follows.

By Cursor position;

1. Press the MARK key to display the EN-TER MARK menu.

[ENTER MARK]

MARK 0101.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.10.11.12.13.14.15.16. NAV LINE17. COAST LINE18. CONTOUR LINE19. PROHIBITED AREAS20.CABLE21.LINE CHANGE22.MARK CANCEL*

*The mark cancel may be used whenthe new line is entered at the other positionafter marking a line by using the same number mark.

2. Enter mark number to select desiredmark, followed by the ENTER key.

3. Place + cursor an appropriate point.

4. Press the ENTER key.

5. Repeat steps 2 to 4 above. To enterthe same mark selected at step 2, sim-ply repeat step 3 and 4.

6. To escape the mark entry mode, pressthe MARK key.

By L/L position entry mode

1. Press the MARK key to display the EN-TER MARK menu. On L/L entry mode,the latitude and longitude are appears.

1-43

Latitude and longitude area

[ENTER MARK]0000.000 N/S 5-N 6-S000.000 E/W 7-E 8-W

MARK 0101.

2. Key in the latitude. If necessary, pressthe following key.

[5] key; N, [6] key; S

3. Key in the longitude. If necessary, pressthe following key.

[7] key; E, [8] key; W

4. Select mark.


By own ship position entry mode

1. Press the VIDEO PLOT key.

2. Press the MARK key.

3. Enter mark number.


Note: Waypoints used to make NAV lines,as described on page 1-40, can be erasedon the NAV LINE menu.

Chart alignment

You can align the chart data and radarimage, by using the ALIGN key.

1. Press the ALIGN key.

2. Operate the trackball to align the charton the radar.

3. Press the ALIGN key to fix.

Other items

3. NAV DATA POSN:

Reset the chart alignment.

4. ALIGN + CURSOR

Select ON, plus the alignment rate to thecursor data which is appeared at the lowerof the display.

6. ERASE MARK

AREA; Erase all marks on the current ap-pearing display.

ALL; Erase all marks in the CPU.

1.37 Suppressing Second-traceEchoes

In certain situations, echoes from very dis-tant targets may appear as false echoes(second-trace echoes) on the screen. Thisoccurs when the return echo is receivedone transmission cycle later, that is, aftera next radar pulse has been transmitted.

To activate or deactivate the second-traceecho rejector:


2. Press the [8] key to select menu item 82ND ECHO REJ.

3. Further press the [8] key to activate(ON) or deactivate (OFF) the second-trace echo rejector.

4. Press the ENTER key to conclude se-lection followed by the RADAR MENUkey to close the FUNCTIONS menu.

1-44

1.38 Adjusting RelativeBrilliance Levels ofScreen Data

You can adjust relative brilliance levels ofvarious marks and alphanumeric readoutsdisplayed on the screen by following thesteps shown below:


2. Press the [9] key to show the BRIL-LIANCE menu.

3. Select a desired menu item by press-ing the corresponding numeric key. Asan example, press [4] if you want tochange the brilliance of echo trails.

4. Further press the same numeric keyas you pressed in step 3 above to se-lect or highlight a desired brilliancelevel.


1 PULSEWIDTH2 ECHO STRETCH3 ECHO AVERAGE45 ECHO COLOR6 SHIP'S SPEED7 INDEX LINES8 2ND ECHO REJ9 BRILLIANCE0 [SYSTEM SETTING 1]

Hit [RADAR MENU].

1/2OFF/1/2OFF/1/2/3

YEL/GRN/COLOR*LOG/NAV*/MANNO.2 VRM/MANOFF/ON

* R-type only

[FUNCTIONS]

1 [FUNCTION]2 CHAR3 MARK4 TRAIL5 PANEL6 +CURSOR7 PLOT8 HDG MARK9 L/L GRID0 CHART

[BRILLIANCE]

BRILLBRILLBRILLDIMMERBRILLBRILLBRILLBRILLBRILL

DIM/M1/M2/BRTDIM/M1/M2/BRTDIM/M1/M2/BRTOFF/DIM/MBRTOFF/DIM/MBRTOFF/DIM/MBRTDIM/M/BRTDIM/M1/M2/BRTDIM/M1/M2/BRT

Hit [9].

The table below describes which menuitem adjusts the brilliance of which pic-ture element.

Menu item

Of which brilliance is adjusted?

CHAR Alphanumeric readouts

MARKS Bearing scale, EBLs and VRMs

TRAILS Echo trails

PANEL Operator control panel

+CURSOR Trackball cursor (+)

PLOT Plot symbols and marks forE-plot and optional Auto Plotter ARP-25

HDG MARK

Heading line and stern marker (Stern marker displayed onR-type only.)

L/L GRID Lat/long grid lines generated by optional Auto PlotterARP-25

CHART Chart generated by optional Auto Plotter ARP-25

Note: You should adjust the entire CRTbrilliance by operating the BRILL controlbefore adjusting relative brilliance levelson the BRILLIANCE menu.

1.39 Set and Drift(Set and Rate)

Set the direction in which a water currentflos, can be manually entered in 0.1 - de-gree steps. Drift, in another word Rate,the speed of tide, can also be enteredmanually in 0.1 knot steps.

Set and drift corrections are benefcal forincreasing the accuracy of vectors andtarget data. The correction is best madein the head-up mode with true vector,watching landmasses, or otherstationarytargets. If they have vectors, setand drift values should be adjusted untilthey lose vectors.

1-45

Note: Set and drift correction is availableon selecting the water tracking mode only.

Proceed as follows to enter set and drift(rate):

1. Press the RADAR MENU key on theplotting keyboard to show the FUNC-TIONS 1 menu.

2. Press the [8] key to select menu item8; SET, DRIFT.

3. Further press the [8] key to select OFFor MAN option.

OFF: No correction against set anddrift.

MAN:Manual entry of set and drift data.

4. If OFF is selected, press the ENTERkey.

5. If you have selected MAN in step 3above, the highlight cursor will advanceone line down requesting you to enterSET xxx.x°. Enter the value of set indegrees by hitting numeric keys with-out omitting leading zeroes, if any, andpress the ENTER key.

The highlight cursor will then advanceto the next line DRIFT xx.x KT. Enterthe value of drift in knots by hitting nu-meric keys without omitting leadingzeroes, if any, and press the ENTERkey. Set and drift have the same effecton own ship and all targets.

6. Press the RADAR MENU key to closethe menu.

1.40 Display of AncillaryInformation

Wind and tide data and depth soundingdata can be displayed in the text cell whichis normally used to indicate third targetship data. Do as follow:

1. Press the NAV MENU key to show theNAV INFORMATION 1 menu.

2. Press [8] key twice to set WIND DATAON and press the ENTER key.

3. Press [9] key twice to set WINDGRAPH ON and press the ENTER key.

4. Do the same to indicate ocean currentgraph and echo-sounding chart. Depthscales can be selected among 10, 20,50, 100, 200 and 500 m on the NAVINFORMATION 2 menu.

5. Press [0] key twice to show the NAVINFORMATION 3 menu.

6. Press [2] key twice and press ENTERkey to select UTC.

Note: Wind data current data require therespective sensors. The depth data re-quires an adequate echo-sounding equip-ment. The echogram shows the last 30minutes of depths along the ship's track.Wind vector shows a direction from whichthe wind blows in, relative to own shipheading, and labeled T*. Wind velocity isa true wind speed as a result of compen-sating for own ship's speed and orienta-tion. Ocean current (tide) is the directionto which the current is flowing away fromos position, relative to north.

*T in this case means a true value mean-while T denotes "relative to True North"in the case of EBLs and target ship vec-tors.

1-46

N E

SW

OS heading

Wind direction relative to OS heading, fullscale 100 kt. Wind velocity is calculatedvalue to exclude the ship's orientationand speed.

Current relative to north,full scale 10 kt. Vector will go off if a positional data fails.

Example of Head-up mode

1.41 Alarms

This radar generates visual and audible alarms to alert you to certain events or sys-tems failures, to provide enhanced safety and convenience. The table below summa-rizes these alarms.

melborP mralaelbiduA mralalausiV sutatsmralatiuqoT

eruliaforyG speeb2

ORYGdna*.***sdaerlebalGDHthgir-rewolehttasraeppaderni

siyalpsiD.neercsehtforenrocpu-daehotdehctiwsyllacitamotua

.nim1nihtiwedom

orygehtnehwedomnoitatneserpehtegnahCneercs-noehtngilA.derotserneebsahtupniehtsserp,nehT.yrassecenfi,tuodaerORYG

TESegassemehtesareotyekLECNAC.GNIDAEH

mralategraT)ZAT(

speeB sehsalftegraTehtecnelisotyekMRALADRAUGehtsserP

.mrala

mralahctaW speeB00:0HCTAW

dnadersnrut"HCTAW"lebaL().00:0tasezeerftnuocemit

.mralaehtecnelisotyekFFOOIDUAehtsserPehtdnaoedivlamronotsnrutHCTAWlebaleHT

.tesersiremit

pihsnwO,nol/tal

nol/talrosruCenoN

dleifnoitisoppihsnwoni*.***dleifnoitisoprosrucnwoni*.***

morfdefsiatadnoitisoppihsnwotahterusekaM.SFPElanretxe

metsySeruliaf

enoN

GNISSIMLANGISGRBegasseMradaroN.mottobneercstaswohsderniERULIAFMETSYS.seohce

yalpsidehtfotfelrewolehtta.tseTkcarTgnirud

gninrutehtnihctiwsannetnAehterusekaM.NOsitnemtrapmoc

tcerrocnIekortsyeK

peebelbuoDyeK(enottonpeeb

noelbaliava).epyt-OMI

enoNekortsyektcerroC.noitarepoyektcerrocemofrePtahtdedivorpenotpeebelgnisaybdednopsersi

.sgnitteslaitininidetcelessiNOPEEBYEK

eruliafGOL speeb2

snrutGOLlebalehtdna*.**GOL03roftupnisilangisgolonfi,der

sahdeepspihsehtelihwces.tk0.5nahteromneeb

deepSlaunaMehtesu,dleifsahEMDSehtfI.rosnesetairporpparehtoroedom

HTUMIZAGDHGIRT

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0

20

40

60

80

100m-30 20 10 min

Last 30 minutesof depth

Present depth

Example of Depth graph

2-1

2. OPERATION OF ARPA

2.1 General

The FAR-2805 series with ARP-25 boardprovide the full ARPA (Automatic RadarPlotting Aid) functions complying with IMOA. 823 as well as complying with the radarperformance in MSC.64 (67) Annex 4.

This chapter describes the operation ofthe ARPA. For operation of normal radar,refer to Chapter 1.

Principal specifications

Acquisition and tracking

• Automatic acquisition of up to 20 tar-gets plus manual acquisition of 20 tar-gets, or fully manual acquisition of 40targets between 0.1 and 32 nm (0.1and 24 nm depending on initial setting)

• Automatic tracking of all acquired tar-gets between 0.1 and 32 nm (0.1 and24 nm depending on initial setting)

Vectors

Vector length: 30 sec, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 15,30 min.

Orientation: True velocity or relativevelocity

Motion trend: Displayed within 20scans, full accuracy within60 sacans after acquisi-tion.

Past positions: Choice of 5 or 10 pastpositions at intervals of 30sec, 1, 2, 3 or 6 min.

Alarms: Visual and audible alarmsagainst targets violatingCPA/TCPA limits, lost tar-gets, targets crossingguard zone (guard ring),system failure and targetfull status.

Trial maneuver:Predicted situation ap-pears in 1 min after se-lected delay (1-60minutes).

2.2 Keys Used for ARPA

The Auto Plotter uses the keys on the plot-ting keypad on the right side of the radarscreen and two keys on the control panel.Below is a brief description of these keys.

E-plot is inperable in ARPA mode. For E-plot reber to section 1.24 and 1.34.

CANCEL: Terminates tracking of a singletarget specified by the trackball if the keyis pressed with a hit-and-release action.If the key is held depressed for about 3seconds, tracking of all targets is termi-nated.

ENTER: Registers menu options se-lected.

VECTOR TRUE/REL: Selects true or rela-tive presentation of target vectors.

VECTOR TIME: Selects a vector lengthof 30 sec, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 15 or 30 min.

TARGET DATA: Displays data on one oftracked targets selected by the trackball.

TARGET BASED SPEED: Own ship'sspeed is measured relative to a fixed tar-get.

AUTO PLOT: Activates and deactivatesthe ARPA functions.

TRIAL: Shows consequences of ownship's speed and course against alltracked targets.

LOST TARGET: Silences the lost targetaural alarm and erases the lost targetsymbol.

HISTORY: Shows and erases past posi-tions of tracked targets.

2-2

ACQ (on control panel): Manually ac-quires a target.

AUDIO OFF (on control panel): Silencesaural alarm.

OFF ON

VRM

ACQ

AUDIOOFF

Control panel

ORIGINMARK

VECTORTRUE/REL

VECTORTIME

RADARMENU

ORIGINMARK

VECTORTRUE/REL

VECTORTIME

E,AUTOPLOTMENU

TARGETDATA

TARGETBASEDDATA

AUTOPLOT

TRIAL LOSTTARGET

HISTORY

MARK CHARTALIGN

VIDEOPLOT

NAVMENU

1 2 3

654

7 8 9

ENTERCANCEL

– 9

Plotting keypad

A target measuring 800 m or more in the radial or circumferential direction is regarded as a landmass and not acquired or tracked.Echoes smaller than 800 m are regarded as targets to be tracked.

CRITERIA OF TRACKING

2.3 ARPA Menu Operation

Various parameters for the Auto Plotter areset on the ARPA 1 and ARPA 2 menus. Todo this, follow the steps shown below:

1. Press the AUTO PLOT key if the AutoPlotter is not yet activated. Note thatthe label ARPA appears in the upper-right box on the screen.

2. Press the E, AUTO PLOT MENU keyto show the ARPA 1 menu.

3. Press the [0] key once if you wish to goto the ARPA 2 menu.

4. Select a desired menu item by press-ing the corresponding numeric key.

5. Select a menu option by pressing thesame numeric key as pressed in step 3above. If there is more than one optionon the current menu item, you mayneed to press the numeric key severaltimes. Press it until the desired optionis highlighted. (Note that certain menuitems will prompt you to enter numericdata or to define points on the radarscreen with the trackball.)

6. Press the ENTER key to register set-tings.

7. Press the E, AUTO PLOT MENU keyto close the menu.

0/1/2/3/424/32NM0/1/2/3OFF/REL/TRUE

[ARPA 1]1 AUTO ACQ2 AUTO ACQ AREA3 GUARD RING4 GUARD RING SET56 CPA, TCPA SET

7 HISTORY POINTS8 HISTORY INTERVAL90 [ARPA 2]

Hit [0].

OFF/ON3, 6 NM/SETOFF/ON

CPA x.xNMTCPA xx.xMIN

* 5/10 only on G-type


Hit [AUTO PLOT].

[ARPA 2]1 [ARPA 1]2 TRIAL MANEUVER3 MARK SIZE4 CPA, TCPA DISPLAY5 SET DRIFT

6 GUARD RING, ACQ LINE STABILIZE7 SPEED REF8 INPUT SIG CHECK9 ARP TRACK TEST0 INITIAL SETTING

STATIC/DYNAMICSTANDARD/LARGEOFF/ONOFF/MANSET xxx.x°DRIFT xx.xKTNORTH/CRT

WT/BT

[ ARPA ][INITIAL SETTING]

1 [ARPA 2]2 TARGET SELECT3 TRACK RANGE4 QV SELECT5 TGT OUTPUT DATA6789 [ARPA PRESET]

Hit [0].

5/10/20*30S/1/2/3/6MIN

2-3

4. Press the ENTER key to conclude yourselection followed by the RADARMENU key to close the FUNCTIONSmenu. The ship's speed readout at thetop of the screen shows own ship'sspeed fed from the speed log precededby the label "LOG."

5. When the speed log is used, selectspeed reference to either of SEA orGND(ground) on the ARPA 2 menu.

Notes:1) IMO Resolution A.823:1995 for ARPA

recommends that a speed log to be in-terfaced with an ARPA should be ca-pable of providing through-the-waterspeed data rather than over-the-groundspeed.

2) Be sure not to select LOG when aspeed log is not connected. If the logsignal is not provided, the ship speedreadout at the top of the screen will beblank. In the event of a log error, youcan continue plotting by entering amanual speed.

3) If a log signal interval becomes morethen 30 seconds with the ship's speed5KT or more, the radar regards thespeed log is in a trouble and LOG FAILappears, reading xx-x KT. For R-type,if no speed input is present for 3 min-utes at below 0.1KT, the radar regardsthe log is in failure.

Manual speed input

To manually enter the ship's speed withthe numeric keys:


2. Press the key [6] to select menu item6SHIP'S SPEED.

3. Press the key [6] to select (or highlight)MAN option.

4. Press the ENTER key to conclude yourselection. At this point, "MAN = xx.x KT"appears at the bottom of the FUNC-TIONS menu.

2.4 Start-up Procedure

Activating the ARPA

To activate the ARPA:

1. Adjust the A/C RAIN, A/C SEA andGAIN controls for proper radar picture.

2. Press the AUTO PLOT key. The labelARPA appears in the box at the upper-right on the screen.

Entering own ship's speed

The ARPA requires own ship's speed andheading data. Of these, the speed datacan be entered automatically from aspeed log, navaid, or manually throughthe numeric keys or based on a selectedreference target (such as a buoy or otherprominent stationary target).

Automatic speed input

For speed log input:


FUNCTION KEY 1 1. SYSTEM SETTNG 1 2. FUNCTION (FUNC1, RIVER, BUOY, SHIP, SHORT,

LONG, CRUISING, HARBOR, COAST,

OCEAN, ROUGH SEA)

3. INT REJECT (OFF, 1, 2, 3)

4. ECHO STRETCH (OFF, 1, 2)

5. ECHO AVERAGE (OFF, 1, 2, 3)

6. A/C AUTO (OFF, ON)

7. FUNC 1 PULSE WD 8. NOISE REJ (OFF, ON)

FUNCTION KEY 2, 3 1. SYSTEM SETTING 1 2. FUNC KEY 2 or 3 (PICTURE/OPERATION)

3. FUNCTION (FUNC2(3), RIVER, BUOY, SHIP, SHORT,

LONG, CRUISING, HARBOR, COAST,

OCEAN, ROUGH SEA)

4. INT REJECT (OFF, 1, 2, 3)

5. ECHO STRETCH (OFF, 1, 2)

6. ECHO AVERAGE (OFF, 1, 2, 3)

7. A/C AUTO (OFF, ON)

8. FUNC 2(3) PULSE WD 9. NOISE REJ (OFF, ON)

FUNCTION KEY 4 1. SYSTEM SETTING 1 2. FUNC KEY 4 (OPERATION, WATCH ALARM)

3. ALARM INTERVAL (6, 10, 12, 15, 20 MIN)

1. FUNCTION KEY 1, 2 or 32. 0.5 NM (S1, S2)

3. 0.75 NM (S1, S2)

4. 1.5 NM (S1, S2, M1)

5. 3 NM (S1, S2, M1)

6. 6 NM (M1, M2, L)

7. 12-24 NM (M2, L)

1. SYSTEM SETTING 12. FUNC KEY 2 (3) (PICTURE/OPERATION)

3. OPERATION (HU, HU TB, CU, NU, TM, TRAIL; CU, TM RESET;

OFF CENTER, IDX LINES, CURSOR OFFSET,

ECHO STRETCH1, ECHO STRETCH2, PLS WD1,

PLS WD2, ECHO AVG1, ECHO AVG2, ECHO AVG3,

ECHO COLOR, TRAIL BRILL, PANEL BRILL,

CHAR BRILL, NOISE REJ, TARGET DATA, CANCEL)

2. Press the [6] key to select menu item6SHIP'S SPEED.

3. Press the [6] key to select (or highlight)LOG option.

2-4

5. Enter the ship speed by hitting corre-sponding numeric keys followed by theENTER key without omitting leadingzeroes, if any. As an example, if the shipspeed is 8 knots, press [0] [8] [ENTER].For 4.5 knots, [0] [4] [5] [ENTER].

6. Press the RADAR MENU key to closethe FUNCTIONS menu. The shipspeed readout at the screen top showsown ship's speed you entered pre-ceded by the label "MANU."

Target-based speed

The use of target-based speed is recom-mended when:

• The speed log is not operating prop-erly or not connected to the radar.

• The vessel has no device which canmeasure ship's leeward movement(doppler sonar, speed log, etc.) thoughleeward movement can not be disre-garded.

If you select target-based speed, the AutoPlotter calculates own ship's speed rela-tive to a fixed reference target.

Note: When the target-based speed isadopted, automatically or manually en-tered ship's speed is disregarded.

To establish target-based speed:

1. Select a small fixed island or any radarprominent point located at 0.2 to 24 nmfrom own ship.

2. Place the cursor (+) on the target byoperating the trackball.

3. Press the TARGET BASED SPEEDkey.The reference target mark (see below)appears at the cursor position and theown ship data label changes from"LOG," "NAV" or "MANU" to "REF."Note that it takes one minute before anew speed is displayed.

R Reference target mark

Notes:

1) When the reference target is lost orgoes out of the acquisition range, thereference target mark blinks and thespeed reads "xx.x." Select a differentreference target in this case.

2) When all targets are deleted, the refer-ence target mark is also deleted andthe target-based speed becomes in-valid. The speed is indicated in KTBTwhere BT means Bottom Track (speedover ground).

3) The vector of the reference target canbe displayed by menu operation (AutoPlot 1 menu).

Canceling target-based speed

To cancel the target-based speed, justpress the TARGET BASED SPEED key.The speed is shown by LOG, NAV* orMANUAL as selected previously. (NAVonly on R-type)

Deactivating the ARPA

To deactivate the ARPA, just press theAUTO PLOT key. Target plotting symbolsand the on-screen label ARPA will disap-pear.

Note: Even when the ARPA is turned off,target tracking still goes on until the radaris turned off. (For G-type, target trackinggoes off at STBY.)

2.5 Automatic Acquisition

The ARPA can acquire up to 40 targets(20 automatically and 20 manually or all40 manually. If AUTO ACQ is selected af-ter more than 20 targets have been manu-ally acquired, only the remaining capacityof targets can be automatically acquired.For example, when 30 targets have beenacquired manually, then the ARPA isswitched to AUTO ACQ. Only 10 targetscan be acquired automatically. A target justacquired automatically is marked with abroken square and a vector appears about

2-5

one minute after acquisition indicating thetarget's motion trend. Three minutes af-ter acquisition, the initial tracking stage isfinished and the target becomes ready forstable tracking. At this point, the brokensquare mark changes to a solid circle.(Targets automatically acquired are dis-tinguished from those acquired manually,displayed by bold symbol.)

Enabling and disabling autoacquisition

1. Press the E, AUTO PLOT key if theARPA is not yet activated. Note that thelabel ARPA appears in the box at theupper-right on the screen.


1 AUTO ACQ2 AUTO ACQ AREA3 GUARD RING4 GUARD RING SET5 6 CPA, TCPA SET


OFF/ON 6 NM/SET OFF/ON

CPA 00.0NMTCPA 00.0MIN5/10/20*30S/1/3/3/6MIN

*5/10 only on IMO-type

[ARPA1]


3. Press the [1] key to select menu item1AUT O ACQ.

4. Further press the [1] key to select (orhighlight) ON (enable auto acquisition)or OFF (disable auto acquisition) asappropriate.

5. Press the ENTER key to conclude yourselection followed by the E, AUTOPLOT MENU key to close the AUTOPLOT 1 menu. Note that the labelAUTO+MAN is displayed in the box atthe upper-right on the screen whenauto acquisition is enabled; MAN whenauto acquisition is disabled.

Note: When the ARPA has acquired 20targets automatically, the message AUTOTARGET FULL is displayed in the box atthe right-hand side of screen.

Setting auto acquisition areas

Instead of limit lines, auto acquisition ar-eas are provided in the system. There aretwo setting methods:

3, 6NM: Two predefined auto acquisitionareas; one between 3.0 and 3.5 nm andthe other between 5.5 and 6.0 nm.

SET: Two sector-shaped or full-circle autoacquisition areas set by using the trackball.

To set 3 & 6 NM auto acquisition ar-eas

To activate two predefined auto acquisi-tion areas:


2. Press the [2] key to select menu item2AUT O ACQ AREA.

3. Further press the [2] key to select (orhighlight) menu option 3, 6NM.

4. Press the ENTER key to confirm yourselection followed by the E, AUTOPLOT MENU key to close the ARPA 1menu.

The illustration below shows how the autoacquisition areas are displayed on thescreen. Up to 20* targets within the autoacquisition areas are acquired automati-cally.

*If 30 targets have already been acquiredmanually in the MAN ACQ mode (AUTOOFF on ARPA 1 menu), only 10 more tar-gets can be acquired automatically.

5.5-6 nm3-3.5 nm

Predefined auto acquisition areas

2-6

To set auto acquisition areas withtrackball

To set auto acquisition areas withtrackball:


2. Press the [2] key to select menu item2AUT O ACQ AREA.

3. Further press the [2] key to select (orhighlight) SET option.

4. Press the ENTER key to conclude yourselection. At this point the AUTO ACQSETTING menu is displayed at thescreen bottom.

[AUTO ACQ SETTING]

1 [AUTO PLOT 1]2 1/2

5. Press the [2] key to select menu item21/2 and press the ENTER key . Then,you will see the message as shownbelow:

[AUTO ACQ SETTING]


SET LEFT/RIGHT BOUNDARY CANCEL PREVIOUS AREA: CANCEL KEY

6. Place the cursor at the outer counter-clockwise corner of the area (point A)and press the ENTER key.

7. Place the cursor at the clockwise edgeof the area (point B) and press theENTER key.

A

B

0.5 nm

Automatic acquisition area set bytrackball

Note: If you wish to create an autoacquisition area having a 360-degreecoverage around own ship, set point Bin almost the same direction (approx.±3°) as point A and press the ENTERkey.

8. Repeat steps 5 to 7 above if you wantto set another auto acquisition area withthe trackball.

9. Press the [1] key followed by the E,AUTO PLOT MENU key to close theARPA 1 menu.

An auto acquisition area like the exampleshown above appears on the display.Note that each auto acquisition area hasa fixed radial extension (width) of 0.5 nm.

Note that the auto acquisition areas arepreserved in an internal memory of theARPA even when auto acquisition is dis-abled or the ARPA is turned off.

Terminating tracking of targets

When the ARPA has acquired 20 targetsautomatically, the message AUTO TAR-GET FULL is displayed in the box at right-hand side of the screen and no more autoacquisition occurs unless targets are lost.You may find this message before you setan auto acquisition area. Should this hap-pen, cancel tracking of less important tar-gets or perform manual acquisition.

Individual targets

Place the cursor (+) on a target to canceltracking by operating the trackball. Pressthe CANCEL key.

All targets

Press and hold the CANCEL key downmore than 3 seconds. In the automaticacquisition mode, acquisition beginsagain.

Discrimination betweenlandmass and true targets

A target is recognized as a landmass andthus not acquired if it is 800 m or more inrange or bearing direction.

2-7

2.6 Manual Acquisition

In auto acquisition mode (AUTO ACQON), up to 20 targets can be manuallyacquired in addition to 20 auto acquiredtargets. When auto acquisition is disabled(AUTO ACQ OFF), up to 40 targets canbe manually acquired and automaticallytracked.

To manually acquire a target:

1. Place the cursor (+) on a target of in-terest by operating the trackball.

2. Press the ACQ key on the controlpanel. The selected plot symbol ismarked at the cursor position.

Note that the plot symbol is drawn by bro-ken lines during the initial tracking stage.A vector appears in about one minute af-ter acquisition indicating the target's mo-tion trend. If the target is consistentlydetected for three minutes, the plot sym-bol changes to a solid mark. If acquisitionfails, the target plot symbol blinks and dis-appears shortly.

(a) Immediately after acquisition— Plot symbol shown in broken lines.

(b) 20 scans after acquisition— Vector appears to show a trend of movement.

(c) 60 scans after acquisition— Plot symbol shown in solid lines indicating stable tracking.

Notes:

1) For successful acquisition, the targetto be acquired should be within 0.1 to32 nm from own ship and not obscuredby sea or rain clutter.

2) When you have acquired 40 targetsmanually, the message MAN TARGETFULL is displayed at the screen bot-tom. Cancel tracking of non-threaten-ing targets if you wish to acquireadditional targets manually.(See"T erminating tracking of acquiredtargets" on page 2-6.)

CAUTIONTarget Swap

When a tracked target nears anothertracked target, the targets may be"swapped." When two targets acquiredeither auomatically or manually comeclose to each other, one of the two maybecome a "lost target." Should this happenmanual re-acquisition of the "lost target"may be required after the two targets haveseparated.

2.7 Changing Plot SymbolSize

Press a desired plot symbol key, and thesymbol is enlarged for about 7 seconds.

You may also choose plot symbol size.To choose a large or standard size for allplot symbols:

1. Press the E, AUTO PLOT MENU keyon the plotting keypad followed by thekeys [0] to show the ARPA 2 menu.

2. Press the [3] key to select 3MARKSIZE.

3. Further press the [3] key to select (orhighlight) STANDARD or LARGE asappropriate.

4. Press the ENTER key to conclude yourselection followed by the E, AUTOPLOT MENU key to close the ARPA 2menu.

2-8

ARPA symbols

The symbols used in this equipment are designed to comply with Annex E (ARPAVideo Symbols) to IEC 872, Operational Requirements for ARPA.

Item Symbol Status Remarks

Initial stage

EPVS symbol NO. 3

Steady tracking

EPVS symbol NO. 4a

EPVS symbol NO. 3

CPA alarm

EPVS symbol NO. 8

CPA alarm acknowledgeEPVS symbol NO. 8

Lost target

EPVS symbol NO. 9

Manually acquired targets

Initial stage

EPVS symbol NO. 3

Steady trackingEPVS symbol NO. 4a

EPVS symbol NO. 3

CPA alarm(collision course)

EPVS symbol NO. 8

Lost target

EPVS symbol NO. 9

Automaticallyacquired targets

Broken square around an echo to indicate the target under acquisition and initial stage of tracking, before steady-state tracking.

Between 20 and 60 scans of antenna after acquisition (vector still unreliable)

Solid circle with vector indicating steady state tracking (60 scans after acquisition)

Plot symbol changes to an equilateral triangle flashing to indicate the target is predicted to come into CPA or TCPA.

Flashing stops after CPA/TCPA alarm is acknowledged.

Lost target is indicated by flashing diamond symbol. The diamond is formed from two equal triangles.

Plot symbol selected for a target acquired manually is shown in bold broken lines.

Bold broken square for 20 - 60 scans of antenna after acquisition.

Manual plot symbol in a bold solid circle (60 scans after acquisition)

Plot symbol changes to an equilateral triangle flashing if a target is predicted to come into the preset CPA or TCPA.

Flashing stops after CPA/TCPA alarm is acknowledged.

Lost target is indicated by flashing diamond symbol. The diamond is formed from two equal triangles (one apex up and the other apex down).

(flashing)

(flashing)

(flashing)

(flashing)

EPVS symbol NO. 8

2-9

ARPA symbols (continued)


Guard zone On target passingthrough operator-set guard zone EPVS symbol NO. 7

Plot symbol changes to an equilateral triangle apex down, flashing together with vector if target entering guard zone (guard ring).

Automaticacquisition area

5.5-6.0 nm, 3-3.5 nm or anywhere EPVS symbol NO. 2

Sector or full circle as selected by the operator.

Target selected for data readout

Target data (range, bearing, course, speed, CPA and TCPA).

Reference target Used to calculate own ship’s over- the-ground speed (target-based speed) for ground stabilization.

Trial maneuver T Bottom center

EPVS symbol NO. 10

Appears during execution of a trial maneuver. (flashing)

Auto Plotter performance test

XXBottom center

EPVS symbol NO. 11A

Appears during execution of a performance test (Track Test).

On selected targetEPVS symbol NO. 12

1

On referencetargetR

(In 60 scans, change to )R

(flashing)

(flashing)


Non-ARPA symbols

These are non-ARPA symbols but onlyfor E-prot. Not available in the ARPA mode.

2-10

2.8 Adjusting Brilliance ofPlot Marks


2. Press the [9] key to show the BRIL-LIANCE menu.

3. Press the [7] key to select 7 PLOTBRILL.

4. Further press the [7] key to select (orhighlight) a desired brilliance level.

5. Press the ENTER key to confirm yourselection followed by the RADARMENU key to close the FUNCTIONmenu.

Note: Refer to paragraph 1.37 for theBRILLIANCE menu screen.

2.9 Displaying Target Data

The Auto Plotter calculates motion trends(range, bearing, course, speed, CPA andTCPA) of all plotted targets.

In head-up and head-up true bearingmodes, target bearing, course and speedshown in the upper-right target data fieldbecome true (suffix "T") or relative (suffix

"R") to own ship in accordance with thetrue/relative vector setting. In north-up,course-up and true motion modes, thetarget data field always displays true bear-ing, true course and speed over theground.

Place the cursor on a desired target andpress the TARGET DATA key on the plot-ting keypad. Data on the selected targetis displayed at the upper-right corner ofthe screen. A typical target data displayis shown in the illustration below.

RNG/BRG (Range/Bearing): Range andbearing from own ship to the selected tar-get with suffix "T" (True) or "R" (Relative).

CSE/SPD (Course/Speed): Course andspeed are displayed for the selected tar-get with suffix "T" (True) or "R" (relative).

CPA/TCPA: CPA(Closest Point of Ap-proach) is the closest range a target willapproach to own ship. TCPA is the timeto CPA. Both CPA and TCPA are auto-matically calculated. When a target shiphas passed clear of own ship, CPA is pre-fixed with an asterisk such as,CPA*1.5NM. TCPA is counted to 99.9 minand beyond this, it is indicate asTCPA>*99.9MIN.

BCR/BCT: Bow crossing range is a rangeof a target which will pass dead ahead ofown ship at a calculated distance. BCT isthe time when BCR occures.

RNG 3.4 NMBRG 25.5°RCSE 264.0°R

SPD 12.3 KT

RNG: Range from own ship to targetBRG: Bearing from own ship to target (true or relative)CSE: Course of target (true or relative)SPD: Speed of targetCPA: CPA between own ship and targetTCPA: TCPA between own ship and targetBCR: Bow Cross RangeBCT: Bow Cross Time

CPA 2.9NM TCPA 12.2MINBCR 8.7NM BCT20MIN

000 010 020030

040

050

060

070

080

090

100

110

120

130

140

150160170180190

200210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

290

300

310

320

330340 350

Target inguard ring

Target oncollision course

Manuallyacquiredtarget

Guardring

Auto acqui-sition area

Automaticallyacquiredtarget

2-11

2.10 Mode and Length ofVectors

True or relative vector

Target vectors can be displayed relativeto own ship's heading (relative) or withreference to the north (true).

Press the VECTOR TRUE/REL key toselect true or relative vectors. This fea-ture is available in all presentation modes(gyrocompass must be working correctly).The current vector mode is indicated atthe upper-right corner of the screen.

True vector

With true vectors the radar display will looklike the one shown below in head-upmode.

In the true motion mode, all fixed targetssuch as land, navigational marks andships at anchor remain stationary on theradar screen with vector length zero. Butin the presence of wind and/or current,true vectors appear on fixed targets rep-resenting the reciprocal of set and driftaffecting own ship unless set and driftvalues are properly entered (see para-graph 2.12).

A

Buoy

A

BOwn ship

Target on colli-sion course

(a) True vectors in head-up mode

Buoy

B Own ship

Target on colli-sion course

(b) Relative vectors in head-up mode

Relative vector

With relative vectors the radar display willlook like (b).

Relative vectors on targets which are notmoving over the ground such as land,navigational marks and ships at anchorwill represent the reciprocal of own ship’sground track. A target of which vector ex-tension passes through own ship is on thecollision course. (Dotted lines in the fig-ure are for explanation only.)

ORIGINMARK

VECTORTRUE/REL

VECTORTIME

TARGETDATA

TARGETBASEDDATA

AUTOPLOT

TRIAL LOSTTARGET

HISTORY

Vector time

Vector time (or the length of vectors) canbe set to 30 seconds, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 15 or30 minutes and the selected vector timeis indicated at the upper-right corner ofthe screen.

Press the VECTOR TIME key to selectdesired vector time. The vector tip showsan estimated position of the target afterthe selected vector time elapses. It canbe valuable to extend the vector length toevaluate the risk of collision with any tar-get.

2.11 Past Position Display

The ARPA displays equally time-spaceddots marking the past positions of anytargets being tracked.

A new dot is added every minute (or atpreset time intervals) until the preset num-ber is reached. If a target changes itsspeed, the spacing will be uneven. If itchanges the course, its plotted course willnot be a straight line.

2-12

Displaying and erasing pastpositions

To display past positions, press theHISTORY key to display past positions oftargets being tracked. The label HISTORYappears at the upper-right corner of thescreen.

ORIGINMARK

VECTORTRUE/REL

VECTORTIME

TARGETDATA

TARGETBASEDDATA

AUTOPLOT

TRIAL LOSTTARGET

HISTORY

To erase past positions, press the HIS-TORY key again.

Selecting the number of dots andpast position plot intervals

1. Press the E, AUTO PLOT MENU keyon the plotting keyboard to show theARPA 1 menu.


1 AUTO ACQ2 AUTO ACQ AREA3 GUARD RING4 GUARD RING SET5 6 CPA, TCPA SET


OFF/ON 6 NM/SET OFF/ON

CPA 00.0NMTCPA 00.0MIN5/10/20*30S/1/3/3/6MIN

*5/10 only on IMO-type

[ARPA1]

2. Press the [7] key to select menu item7HIST ORY POINTS.

3. Further press the [7] key to select a de-sired number of past positions (5, 10,20, 30, 100, 150 or 200). The IMO-typehas the selection of only 5 or 10.

4. Press the ENTER key to confirm yourselection.

5. Press the [8] key to select menu item8HIST ORY INTERVAL.

6. Further press the [8] key to select a de-sired past position plot interval (30 sec-onds, 1, 2, 3 or 6 minutes).



2.12 Setting CPA/TCPA AlarmRanges

The ARPA continuously monitors the pre-dicted range at the Closest Point of Ap-proach (CPA) and predicted time to CPA(TCPA) of each tracked target to own ship.

When the predicted CPA of any target be-comes smaller than a preset CPA alarmrange and its predicted TCPA less than apreset TCPA alarm limit, the ARPA re-leases an aural alarm and displays thewarning label COLLISION on the screen.In addition, the ARPA symbol changes toa triangle and flashes together with its vec-tor.

Provided that this feature is used correctly,it will help prevent the risk of collision byalerting you to threatening targets. It isimportant that GAIN, A/C SEA, A/C RAINand other radar controls are properly ad-justed.

CPA/TCPA alarm ranges must be set upproperly taking into consideration the size,tonnage, speed, turning performance andother characteristics of own ship.

CAUTIONCPA/TCPA Alarm

The CPA/TCPA alarm feature should neverbe relied upon as the sole means for detect-ing the risk of collision.The navigator is not relieved of the respon-sibility to keep visual lookout for avoidingcollisions, whether or not the radar or otherplotting aid is in use.

2-13

To set the CPA/TCPA alarm ranges:

1. Press the E, AUTO PLOT MENU keyon the plotting keypad to show theARPA 1 menu.

2. Press the [6] key to select menu item6CP A, TCPA SET. At this point, a high-light cursor appears at the "CPA x.xNM"field.

3. Enter the CPA alarm range in nauticalmiles (max 9.9 min) without omittingleading zeroes, if any, and press theENTER key. The highlight cursor nowmoves to the "TCPA xx.xMIN" field.

4. Enter the TCPA alarm limit in minutes(max. 99.0 min) without omitting lead-ing zeroes, if any, and press the EN-TER key.


Silencing CPA/TCPA aural alarm

Press the AUDIO OFF key to acknowl-edge and silence the CPA/TCPA auralalarm.

The warning label COLLISION and theflashing of the triangle plot symbol andvector remain on the screen until the dan-gerous situation is gone or you intention-ally terminate tracking of the target byusing the CANCEL key.

2.13 Setting a Guard Zone

When a target transits the operator-setguard zone, the buzzer sounds and theindication GUARD RING appears at thescreen bottom. The target causing thewarning is clearly indicated with an in-verted flashing triangle.

CAUTIONGuard Zone

The Guard Zone (Guard Ring) should never be relied upon as a sole means for detecting the risk ofcollision. The navigator is not relieved of the responsibility to keep a visual lookout foravoiding collisions, whether or not the radar or other plotting aid is in use.

Activating the guard zone

No.1 Guard Zone is available between 3and 6 nm with a fixed range depth of 0.5nm. No.2 GZ may be set anywhere whenNo.1 GZ is valid.

To set and activate the guard zone:


2. Press the [3] key to select menu item3GUARD RING.

3. Further press the [3] key to select (orhighlight) ON to activate the guardzone.


5. Press the [4] key to select menu item4GUARD RING SET . At this point theGUARD SETTING menu is displayedat the screen bottom.

[GUARD SETTING]


SET LEFT/RIGHT BOUNDARY CANCEL PREVIOUS AREA: CANCEL KEY

6. Press the [2] key and ENTER key. ([2][2] [ENTER] when setting the no.2 ring.)

2-14

7. Referring to figure below, place thecursor at the outer left corner of thearea (point A) and press the ENTERkey.

8. Place the cursor at the right edge ofthe area (point B) and press the EN-TER key.

Note: If you wish to create a guardzone having a 360-degree coveragearound own ship, set point B in almostthe same direction (approx. ±3°) aspoint A and press the ENTER key.

9. Press the [1] key followed by the E,AUTO PLOT MENU key to close theARPA 1 menu.

The guard zone as an example shown be-low appears on the display. Note that theguard zone has a fixed radial extension(width) of 0.5 nm. The label GZ is dis-played in the box at the upper-right on thescreen when guard zone is enabled.

Target in guard zoneis marked by inverted flashing triangle.

AB

0.5nm

Deactivating the guard zone(guard ring)


2. Press the [3] key to select menu item3GUARD RING.

3. Further press the [3] key to select (orhighlight) OFF to deactivate the guardzone.


Silencing the guard zone (guardring) audible alarm

Press the AUDIO OFF key to acknowl-edge and silence the guard zone audiblealarm.

2.14 Operational Warnings

There are six main situations which causethe Auto Plotter to trigger visual and au-ral alarms:• CPA/TCPA alarm• Guard zone alarm• Lost target alarm• Target full alarm for manual acquisition• Target full alarm for automatic acquisi-

tion• System failures

The audible alarm can be set to OFFthrough the AUTO PLOT 2 menu.

CPA/TCPA alarm

Visual and aural alarms are generatedwhen the predicted CPA and TCPA of anytarget become less than their preset lim-its. Press the AUDIO OFF key to acknowl-edge and silence the CPA/TCPA auralalarm.

Guard zone (guard ring) alarm

Visual and audible alarms are generatedwhen a target transits the operator-setguard zone. Press the AUDIO OFF keyto acknowledge and silence the guardzone audible alarm. (Refer to paragraph2.14 Setting a Guard Zone for further in-formation.)

Lost target alarm

When the system detects a loss of atracked target, the target symbol becomesa flashing diamond ( ) and the label"LOST" appears at the screen bottom. Atthe same time, an aural alarm is producedfor one second.

Press the LOST TARGET key to acknowl-edge the lost target alarm. Then, the losttarget mark disappears.

2-15

Target full alarm

When the memory becomes full, thememory full status is indicated and therelevant indication appears on the screenand a short beep sounds.

Manually acquired targets

The indication "MAN TARGET FULL" ap-pears at the screen bottom and a shortbeep tone sounds when the number ofmanually acquired targets reaches 20 or40 depending on whether auto acquisi-tion is activated or not.

Automatically acquired targets

The indication "AUTO TARGET FULL" ap-pears at the screen bottom and a shortbeep tone sounds when the number ofautomatically acquired targets reaches20.

System failure alarm

When the ARP board receives no signalinput from the radar or external equip-ment, the screen shows both "SYSTEMFAIL" associated with an indication de-noting offending equipment, also releas-ing an aural alarm. The missing signalsare denoted as shown below:

Missing Signal Indication

*Speed log signal LOG

*Gyrocompass GYRO

Trigger signal from radar T

Video from radar V

*Bearing signal fromradar antenna

B

*Heading pulses from radar antenna

H

*The alarm is available with or without ARPA.

2.15 Trial Maneuver

Trial simulates the effect on all trackedtargets against own ship's maneuver with-out interrupting the updating of target in-formation.

There are two types of trial maneuvers:static and dynamic.

Dynamic trial maneuver

A dynamic trial maneuver displays pre-dicted positions of the tracked targets andown ship. You enter own ship's intendedspeed and course with a certain "delaytime." Assuming that all tracked targetsmaintain their present speeds andcourses, the targets' and own ship's fu-ture movements are simulated in one-sec-ond increments indicating their predictedpositions in one-minute intervals as illus-trated below.

The delay time represents the time lagfrom the present time to the time whenown ship will actually start to change herspeed and/or course. You should there-fore take into consideration own ship'smaneuvering characteristics such as rud-der delay, turning delay and accelerationdelay. This is particularly important onlarge vessels. How much the delay is setthe situation starts immediately and endsin a minute.

In the example shown below, own shipwill advance straight ahead (even after amaneuver) for a delay time of 5 minutesand then alters speed and course untiloperator-specified intended speed andcourse are achieved (position OS7 in thisexample).

2-16

AA0

B

B0

OS0

A1

A2

A3

A4

A5

A6

A7

A8

OS1

OS2

OS3

OS4

OS5OS6

OS7OS8 B1

B2B3

B4B5

B6B7

B8


Delay time = 5 min.

T

Dynamic trial maneuver

Note that once a dynamic trial maneuveris initiated, you cannot alter own ship'strial speed, course or delay time until thetrial maneuver is terminated.

Static trial maneuver

A static trial maneuver displays only thefinal situation of the simulation. If you en-ter the same trial speed, course and de-lay time under the same situation as inthe aforementioned example of dynamictrial maneuver, the screen will instantlyshow position OS7 for own ship, positionA7 for target A and position B7 for targetB, omitting the intermediate positions.Thus, the static trial maneuver will be con-venient when you wish to know the ma-neuver result immediately.

Note: For accurate simulation of shipmovements in a trial maneuver, own ship'scharacteristics such as acceleration andturning performance should be properlyset in initial settings at the time of instal-lation.

To perform a trial maneuver:

1. Press the E, AUTO PLOT MENU keyon the plotting keypad followed by the[0] key to show the ARPA 2 menu.

[ARPA 2]1 [ARPA 1]2 TRIAL MANEUVER3 MARK SIZE4 CPA, TCPA DISPLAY5 SET DRIFT

6 GUARD RING, ACQ LINE STABILIZE7 SPEED REF8 INPUT SIG CHECK9 ARP TRACK TEST0 INITIAL SETTING

STATIC/DYNAMICSTANDARD/LARGEOFF/ONOFF/MANSET xxx.x°DRIFT xx.xKTNORTH/CRT

WT/BT

2. Press the [2] key to select 2TRIALMODE.

3. Further press the [2] key to select (orhighlight) STATIC or DYNAMIC trialmaneuver option as appropriate.


5. Press the VECTOR TRUE/REL key toselect true or relative vector.

ORIGINMARK

VECTORTRUE/REL

VECTORTIME

TARGETDATA

TARGETBASEDDATA

AUTOPLOT

TRIAL LOSTTARGET

HISTORY

6. Press the TRIAL key. The TRIAL DATASETTING menu appears at the screenbottom associated with the current ownship's speed and course readouts.

TRIAL DATA SETTING[DYNAMIC MODE]:

SPEED (VRM) 15.0KTCOURSE (EBL) 53.6°DELAY TIME xx.x MIN

Note: The second line reads [STATICMODE] in the event of a static trialmaneuver.

7. Enter own ship's intended speed,course and delay time in the followingmanner:

Speed: Set with the VRM control.Course: Set with the EBL control.

2-17

Delay time:Enter in minutes by hittingnumeral keys. This is thetime after which own shiptakes a new situation, notthe time the simulationbegins. Change the delaytime according to ownship loading condition,etc.

8. Press the TRIAL key again to start atrial maneuver.

Trial maneuver takes place in three min-utes with the letter "T" displayed at thebottom of the screen. If any tracked tar-get is predicted to be on a collision coursewith own ship (that is, the target shipcomes within preset CPA/TCPA limits), thetarget plot symbol changes to a triangle(∆) and flashes. If this happens, changeown ship's trial speed, course or delaytime to obtain a safe maneuver. The trialmaneuver is automatically terminated andthe normal radar picture is restored threeminutes later.

Terminating trial maneuver

Press the TRIAL key again at any time.

2.16 ARPA Track Test

Test program is provided for assessingARPA overall performance. Note that nor-mal operation is interrupted and the label"XX" is displayed at the bottom of thescreen during this test. The Test may beterminated at any moment.

To execute the ARPA track test:

1. Select north-up mode presentation onthe 12 nm range.

2. Enter manual speed of 0 knots.

3. Press the E, AUTO PLOT MENU keyon the plotting keypad followed by the[0] key to show the ARPA 2 menu.

4. Press the [9] key to select 9 ARPTRACK TEST. A track test picture ap-pears on the screen.


6. It takes approximately three minutesfor all vectors to be displayed. The tracktest display does not need echo sig-nal, gyro nor speed log input. Seventargets having various speeds andcourses, as shown in the table on thenext page, are simulated automatically.

7. The track test continues for 5 minutesand then repeats.

To terminate the track test, press the ST-BY/TX key twice and the ST-BY displaywill appear.

CPA and TCPA shown below are initialvalues.

tegraT esruoC deepS)tk(

APC)mn(

APCT)nim(

AtegraT T˚0.09 0.01 0.1 4.01

BtegraT T˚0.0 0.0 0.4 *

CtegraT T˚0.081 0.01 7.1 2.82

DtegraT T˚5.612 8.32 9.0 0.51

EtegraT T˚5.372 2.41 0.6 5.22

FtegraT T˚0.081 0.02 0.0 0.03

GtegraT T˚6.42 6.51 0.4 6.34

eulavdilavnI*

F

C

B

A

G

E

D

XX

+

Note: Alphabets mark targets in theabove table and figure; on the actual dis-play figures mark targets. Note that tar-get numbering varies.

2-18

2.17 Criteria for SelectingTargets for Tracking

The FURUNO ARPA video processor de-tects targets in midst of noise and discrimi-nates radar echoes on the basis of theirsize. Target whose echo measurementsare greater than those of the largest shipin range or tangential extent are usuallyland and are displayed only as normalradar video. All smaller ship-sized echoeswhich are less than this dimension arefurther analyzed and regarded as shipsand displayed as small circles superim-posed over the video echo.

When a target is first displayed, it is shownas having zero true speed but develops acourse vector as more information is col-lected. In accordance with the Interna-tional Marine Organization AutomaticRadar Plotting Aid (IMO ARPA) require-ments, an indication of the motion trendshould be available in 1 minute and fullvector accuracy in 3 minutes of plotting.The FURUNO ARPAs comply with theserequirements.

Acquisition and tracking

A target which is hit by 5 consecutive ra-dar pulses is detected as a radar echo.Manual acquisition is done by designat-ing a detected echo with the trackball.Automatic acquisition is done in the ac-quisition areas when a target is detected5-7 times continuously depending uponthe congestion. Tracking is achievedwhen the target is clearly distinguishableon the display for 5 out of 10 consecutivescans whether acquired automatically ormanually.

Targets not detected in 5 consecutivescans become "lost targets."

Quantization

The entire picture is converted to a digitalfrom called "Quantized Video." A sweeprange is divided into small segments andeach range element is "1" if there is radarecho return above a threshold level, or"0" if there is no return.

The digital radar signal is then analyzedby a ship-sized echo discriminator. As theantenna scans, if there are 5 consecutiveradar pulses with I's indicating an echopresence at the exact same range, a tar-get "start" is initiated. Since receiver noiseis random, it is not three bang correlated,and it is filtered out and not classified asan echo.

The same is true of radar interference.Electronic circuits track both the closetand most distant edges of the echo. Atthe end of the scanning of the echo, thediscriminator indicates the measuredmaximum range extent and total angularextent subtended by the echo. If the echois larger than a ship-sized echo in rangeextent and/or angular width, adjusted asa function of range, it is declared to be acoastline and the closet edge is put intomemory as a map of the area. This landoutline is used to inhibit further acquisi-tion and tracking of ship sized echoesbeyond the closest coast outline. 5 con-secutive scans of coastal outline are re-tained in memory to allow for signalvariation. All smaller echoes are declaredto be ship sized and the middle of the lead-ing edge is used to provide precise rangeand bearing coordinates of each echo onevery scan. This range/bearing data ismatched to previous data and analyzedfrom scan-to-scan for consistency. Whenit is determined to be as consistent as areal target, automatic acquisition occursand tracking is initiated. Continued track-ing and subsequent calculation developthe relative course and speed of the tar-get just as a man would do when plottingthe relative course and speed of the tar-get on the scope with a grease pencil.

The true course and speed of own shipare computed from own ship's gyro andspeed inputs, and the resulting courseand speed of each tracked target is eas-ily computed by vector summing of therelative motion with own ship’s course andspeed. The resulting true or relative vec-tor is displayed for each of the trackedtargets. This process is updated continu-ally for each target on every scan of theradar.

2-19

Automatic acquisition areas andsuppression lines

Performance of auto-acquisition is en-hanced by controlling the limit lines (sup-pression line) in the former series ofFURUNO ARPAs. In this new series ofARPAs, the automatic acquisition ringsare used instead of the limit lines.

Auto acquisition rings work as suppres-sion lines when viewed from the oppositedirection. They should be placed clear ofa landmass or shoreline. The acquisitionareas may be a full 360 degree circle orsector of any angles are gyro stabilize.

Qualitative description oftracking error

The FURUNO ARPA accuracies complywith or exceed IMO standards.

Own ship maneuvers

For slow turns there is no effect. For veryhigh turning rates (greater than 150°/minute, depending on gyro), there is someinfluence on all tracked targets which lastfor a minute or two and then all trackedtargets revert to full accuracy.

Other ship maneuvers

Target ship courses, lag 15 to 30 secondsat high relative speed, or 3 to 6 secondsat low (near 0) relative speed. It is lessaccurate during a turn due to lag, but ac-curacy recovers quickly.

2.18 Factors Affecting ARPAFunctions

Sea returns

If the radar anti-clutter control is adjustedproperly, there is no serious effect be-cause distant wave clutter, not eliminatedby this control, is filtered out by more thanone bang correlation and scan-to-scanmatching of data.

Rain and snow

Clutter can be acquired and tracked astargets. Adjust the A/C RAIN control. If itis heavy rain, switch to S-band if provided,or switch on the interference rejector onthe radar. If heavy clutter still exists, switchto manual acquisition. Accuracy can beaffected.

Low clouds

Usually no effect. If necessary, adjust theA/C RAIN control.

Non-synchronous emissions

No effect.

Low gain

Insufficient or low radar receiver gain willresult in some targets not being acquiredat long distance. ARPA display will bemissing on one or more targets that couldonly be visible if the radar sensitivity con-trol (GAIN control) were increased.

The setting of the correct radar receivergain is not critical but the target shouldbe on the radar PPI and be clearly visibleand well defined.

Manual acquisition is done if a target ispositively displayed more than once. Au-tomatic acquisition is done when the tar-get is detected 5-7 times continuously.Tracking is achieved when the target isdetected 5 times (not necessarily continu-ously) out of 10 scans. If not detected 6times out of 10 scans, the target will be-come a "lost target." The ARPA will ac-quire a radar echo that is present once inevery six antenna scans and continuetracking if 1 in 10.

Second trace echoes

When the radar beam is super refracted,strong echoes may be received at suchlong ranges that they appear on a differ-ent timebase sweep than the transmitted

2-20

pulse. This gives an incorrect range indi-cation. Second and third trace echoes canbe tracked if they are consistent enoughto meet acquisition and tracking criteriabut target course and speed data will bein error.

Blind and shadow sectors

Radar shadow or blind areas caused byobstructions aboard ship, for example,funnels and masts, in the path of the ra-dar beam can result in reduction of radarbeam intensity in that particular direction.This may eliminate the detection of sometargets. The ARPA system will lose trackof targets shortly after they are lost on theradar picture and if they remain in a blindzone. These targets will however be ac-quired and tracked when they pass out ofthe blind zone and again present normalradar echo. The angular width and bear-ing of any shadow sector should be de-termined for their influence on the radar.In certain cases false echoes in theshadow sector cause the ARPA systemto acquire, track, and vector them.Shadow sectors should be avoided.

Indirect echoes

A target at close range is usually pickedup directly, but it can also be received asreflection from a large, flat surface. Thiswill result in the radar presenting two ormore echoes on the display, each at adifferent range. The ARPA can acquireand track the false echo if it is detectedby five consecutive scans. Reduction inradar GAIN can eliminate the multipleechoing but care should be taken asrange detection also will be reduced.

Radar interference

If interference is extreme due to anotherradar operating at close range, spiral "dot-ting" and/or false targets may appearmomentarily. The interference rejector canclear the display.

To receive radar beacon or SART signals,turn off the radar interference rejectionand echo average which operate on thecorrelation technique.

3-1

3. RADAR OBSERVATION

For example, if the height of the antennaabove the waterline is 9 meters and theheight of the target is 16 meters, the maxi-mum radar range is;

Rmax= 2.2 x ( 9 + 16 ) = 2.2 x (3 + 4) = 15.4 nm

It should be noted that the detection rangeis reduced by precipitation (which absorbsthe radar signal).

X-band and S-band

In fair weather, the above equation doesnot give a significant difference betweenX- and S-band radars. However, in heavyprecipitation condition, an S-band radarwould have better detection than an X-band radar.

Radar resolution

There are two important factors in radarresolution (discrimination): bearing reso-lution and range resolution.

Bearing resolution

Bearing resolution is the ability of the ra-dar to display as separate pips the ech-oes received from two targets which areat the same range and close together. It isproportional to the antenna length and re-ciprocally proportional to the wavelength.The length of the antenna radiator shouldbe chosen for a bearing resolution betterthan 2.5° (IMO Resolution). This conditionis normally satisfied with a radiator of 1.2m (4 ft) or longer in the X-band. The S-band radar requires a radiator of about 12feet (3.6 m) or longer.

Range resolution

Range resolution is the ability to displayas separate pips the echoes received fromtwo targets which are on the same bear-ing and close to each other. This is deter-

3.1 General

Minimum and maximum ranges

Minimum range

The minimum range is defined by theshortest distance at which, using a scaleof 1.5 or 0.75 nm, a target having an echo-ing area of 10 m2 is still shown separatefrom the point representing the antennaposition.

It is mainly dependent on the pulselength,antenna height, and signal processingsuch as main bang suppression and digi-tal quantization. It is a good practice to usea shorter range scale as far as it gives fa-vorable definition or clarity of picture. TheIMO Resolution A. 477 (XII) and IEC 936require the minimum range to be less than50 m. All FURUNO radars satisfy this re-quirement.

Maximum range

The maximum detecting range of the ra-dar, Rmax, varies considerably dependingon several factors such as the height ofthe antenna above the waterline, the heightof the target above the sea, the size, shapeand material of the target, and the atmo-spheric conditions.

Under normal atmospheric conditions, themaximum range is equal to the radar hori-zon or a little shorter. The radar horizon islonger than the optical one by about 6%because of the diffraction property of theradar signal. The Rmax is given in the fol-lowing equation.

Rmax= 2.2 x ( h1 + h2 )

where Rmax: radar horizon (nautical miles)h1: antenna height (m)h2 : target height (m)

Radar horizon

Optical horizon

3-2

Multiple echoes

Multiple echoes occur when a transmittedpulse returns from a solid object like a largeship, bridge, or breakwater. A second, athird or more echoes may be observed onthe display at double, triple or other mul-tiples of the actual range of the target asshown below. Multiple reflection echoescan be reduced and often removed bydecreasing the gain (sensitivity) or prop-erly adjusting the A/C SEA control.

Own ship

Target

Trueecho

Multiple echo

Sidelobe echoes

Every time the radar pulse is transmitted,some radiation escapes on each side ofthe beam, called "sidelobes." If a targetexists where it can be detected by the sidelobes as well as the main lobe, the sideechoes may be represented on both sidesof the true echo at the same range. Sidelobes show usually only on short rangesand from strong targets. They can be re-duced through careful reduction of the gainor proper adjustment of the A/C SEA con-trol.

Target B(True)

Target B(Spurious)

Target A

Virtual image

A relatively large target close to your shipmay be represented at two positions onthe screen. One of them is the true echodirectly reflected by the target and the other

mined by pulselength only. Practically, a0.08 microsecond pulse offers the discrimi-nation better than 25 m as do so with allFURUNO radars.

Test targets for determining the range andbearing resolution are radar reflectors hav-ing an echoing area of 10 m2.

Bearing accuracy

One of the most important features of theradar is how accurately the bearing of atarget can be measured. The accuracy ofbearing measurement basically dependson the narrowness of the radar beam.However, the bearing is usually taken rela-tive to the ship’s heading, and thus, properadjustment of the heading marker at in-stallation is an important factor in ensur-ing bearing accuracy. To minimize errorwhen measuring the bearing of a target,put the target echo at the extreme posi-tion on the screen by selecting a suitablerange.

Range measurement

Measurement of the range to a target isalso a very important function of the ra-dar. Generally, there are two means ofmeasuring range: the fixed range rings andthe variable range marker (VRM). Thefixed range rings appear on the screen witha predetermined interval and provide arough estimate of the range to a target.The variable range marker’s diameter isincreased or decreased so that the markertouches the inner edge of the target, al-lowing the operator to obtain more accu-rate range measurements.

3.2 False Echoes

Occasionally echo signals appear on thescreen at positions where there is no tar-get or disappear even if there are targets.They are, however, recognized if you un-derstand the reason why they are dis-played. Typical false echoes are shownbelow.

3-3

3.3 SART (Search and RescueTransponder)

A Search and Rescue Transponder(SART) may be triggered by any X-Band(3 cm) radar within a range of approxi-mately 8 nm. Each radar pulse receivedcauses it to transmit a response which isswept repetitively across the complete ra-dar frequency band. When interrogated, itfirst sweeps rapidly (0.4 µs) throught theband before beginning a relatively slowsweep (7.5 µs) through the band back tothe starting frequency. This process is re-peated for a total of twelve completecycles. At some point in each sweep, theSART frequency will match that of the in-terrogating radar and be within the passband of the radar receiver. If the SART iswithin range, the freguency match duringeach of the 12 slow sweeps will produce aresponse on the radar display, thus a lineof 12 dots equally spaced by about 0.64nautical miles will be shown.

When the range to the SART is reducedto about 1 nm, the radar display may showalso the 12 responses generated duringthe fast sweeps. These additional dot re-sponses, which also are equally spacedby 0.64 nm, will be interspersed with theoriginal line of 12 dots. They will appearslightly weaker and smaller than the origi-nal dots.

General procedure for detectingSART response

1. Use range scale of 6 or 12 nm as thespacing between the SART responsesis about 0.6nm (1125 m) to distinguishthe SART.

2. Turn off the automatic clutter suppres-sion.

3. Turn off the Interference Rejector.

4. Turn off the Echo Average.

is a false echo which is caused by the mir-ror effect of a large object on or close toyour ship as shown in the figure below. Ifyour ship comes close to a large metalbridge, for example, such a false echo maytemporarily be seen on the screen.

Trueecho

Falseecho

Ownship

Target ship

Mirror imageof target ship

��

��

Shadow sectors

Funnels, stacks, masts, or derricks in thepath of the antenna block the radar beam.If the angle subtended at the scanner ismore than a few degrees, a non-detectingsector may be produced. Within this sec-tor targets can not be detected.

Radarantenna

Radarmast

Blind zone

3-4

When the range to the SART is reducedto about 1 nm, the radar display may showalso the 12 responses generated duringthe fast sweeps. These additional dot re-sponses, which also are equally spacedby 0.64 nm, will be interspersed with theoriginal line of 12 dots. They will appearslightly weaker and smaller than the origi-nal dots.

9500 MHz9200 MHz

Radar antennabeamwidth

Screen A: When SART is distant

Screen B: When SART is close

Lines of 12 dots are displayed in concentric arcs.

Echo of SART

Position ofSART

Own ship'sposition Own ship's

positionSART marklength

Radar receiverbandwidthSweep time

7.5 s 95 s

Sweep startHigh speed sweep signal

Low speed sweep signal

24 NM 1.5 NM

Position ofSART

Echo ofSART

General procedure for detectingSART response

1. Use range scale of 6 or 12 nm as thespacing between the SART responsesis about 0.6nm (1125 m) to distinguishthe SART.

2. Turn off the automatic clutter suppres-sion.

3. Turn off the Interference Rejector.

4. Turn off the Echo Average.

General remarks on receivingSART

SART range errors

When responses from only the 12 low fre-quency sweeps are visible (when theSART is at a range greater than about 1nm), the position at which the first dot isdisplayed may be as much as 0.64 nmbeyond the true position of the SART.When the range closes so that the fastsweep responses are seen also, the firstof these will be no more than 150 metersbeyond the true position.

Radar bandwidth

This is normally matched to the radarpulselength and is usually switched withthe range scale and the associatedpluselength. Narrow bandwidths of 3-5MHz are used with long pulses on longrange and wide bandwidths of 10-25 MHzwith short pulses on short ranges.

Any radar bandwidth of less than 5 MHzwill attenuate the SART signal slightly, soit is preferable to use a medium bandwidthto ensure optimum detection of the SART.

Radar side lobes

As the SART is approached, side lobesfrom the radar antenna may show theSART responses as a series of arcs orconentric rings. These can be removed bythe use of the anti-clutter sea control al-though it may be operationally useful toobserve the side lobes as they may beeasier to detect in clutter conditions andalso they will confirm that the SART is nearto the ship.

Gain

For maximum range SART detection thenormal gain setting for long range detec-tion should be used, that is, with back-ground noise speckle visible.

3-5

A/C SEA control

For optimum range SART detection, thiscontrol should be set to the minimum. Careshould be exercised as wanted target insea clutter may be obscured. Note alsothat in clutter conditions the first few dotsof the SART response may not be detect-able, irrespective of the setting of the anti-clutter sea control. In this case, the positionof the SART may be estimated by mea-suring 9.5 nm miles from the furthest dotback towards own ship.

Some sets have automatic/manual anti-clutter sea control facilities in which casethe operator should switch to manual.

A/C RAIN control

This should be used normally (to break upareas of rain) when trying to detect a SARTresponse which, being a series of dots, isnot affected by the action of the anti-clut-ter rain circuitry. Note that Racon re-sponses, which are often in the from of along flash, will be affected by the use ofthis control.

Some sets have automatic/manual anti-clutter rain control facilities in which casethe operator should switch to manual.

Note: This SART information is excerptedfrom IMO SN/Circ 197 Operation of Ma-rine Radar for SART Detection.

3.4 RACON (Radar Beacon)

A racon is a radar transponder which emitsa characteristic signal when triggered bya ship's radar (usually only the 3 centime-ter band). The signal may be emitted onthe same frequency as that of the trigger-ing radar, in which case it is superimposedon the ship's radar display automatically.

The racon signal appears on the PPI as aradial line originating at a point just beyondthe position of the radar beacon or as aMorse code signal (figure below) displayedredially from just beyond the beacon.

4-1

4. MAINTENANCE

DANGER: Electrical Shock Hazard

This equipment contains high voltages which can cause death at severalinternal circuits including a cathode ray tube (CRT) which uses severalthousand volts. Any internal adjustment, servicing and repair shall only beperformed by qualified service personnel totally familiar with electricalcircuits and servicing of the equipment. A residual charge remains incapacitors and other devices several minutes after turning off the power.It is therefore essential to wait at least 3 minutes to allow residual charge tosubside before accessing the inside of the equipment. Special care must betaken when approaching the following parts:

• Power supply circuit (Display unit and separate power supply units)• CRT circuit (Display unit)• Modulator circuit and magnetron (Antenna unit or separate transceiver unit)• Motor drive circuit (Antenna unit)

WARNING: When Working on the Antenna Unit

Wear a safety belt and a hard hat when working on the antenna unit.Always make sure that the radar is POWERED OFF and the Antennaswitch in the display unit is OFF before working on the antenna unit.Also take all steps to ensure that the radar will not be accidentally operatedby someone else, to prevent the potential risk of being struck by therotating antenna and exposure to RF radiation hazards.

WARNING

DANGER

Periodic checks and maintenance are important for proper operation of any electronic systems. Thischapter contains maintenance instructions to be followed to obtain optimum performance and the long-est possible life of the equipment.

4.1 Periodic Maintenance Schedule

Interval Check point Check and measures Remarks

Weekly Display unit Periodically clean the exterior of display unit using dry soft clean. Use of commercially available CRT cleaner (spray) having antistatic effect is recommended.

CRT screen produces static charge which would attract dust. DO NOT use strong solvent like paint thinner or abrasive cleaners for cleaning. Dust and dirt on CRT creates symptoms similar to poor sensitivity.

(Continued on next page)

4-2

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5-1

5. TROUBLESHOOTING

DANGER: Electrical Shock Hazard

This equipment contains high voltages which can cause death at severalinternal circuits including a cathode ray tube (CRT) which uses severalthousand volts. Any internal adjustment, servicing and repair shall only beperformed by qualified service personnel totally familiar with electricalcircuits and servicing of the equipment. A residual charge remains incapacitors and other devices several minutes after turning off the power.It is therefore essential to wait at least 3 minutes to allow residual charge tosubside before accessing the inside of the equipment. Special care must betaken when approaching the following parts:

• Power supply circuit (Display unit and separate power supply units)• CRT circuit (Display unit)• Modulator circuit and magnetron (Antenna unit or separate transceiver unit)• Motor drive circuit (Antenna unit)

WARNING: When Working on the Antenna Unit

Wear a safety belt and a hard hat when working on the antenna unit.Always make sure that the radar is POWERED OFF and the Antennaswitch in the display unit is OFF before working on the antenna unit.Also take all steps to ensure that the radar will not be accidentally operatedby someone else, to prevent the potential risk of being struck by therotating antenna and exposure to RF radiation hazards.

WARNING

DANGER

5.1 Easy Troubleshooting

This paragraph describes how to cure operational problems, which can be made by observing theradar picture and using operator controls and keys without opening the display unit, antenna unitor other equipment units.

The table below shows user-level troubleshooting procedures.

Problem Remedy

Key beep inaudible Adjust key beep level on RADAR 2 menu referring to paragraph 1.32.

No own ship mark On the R-type radar, check that SHIP'S MARK ON is selected at the RADAR 2 menu, referrring to paragraph 1.32. Also, own ship information (length, width, etc.) should have been entered in initial settings. Consult a FURUNO representative or dealer for details. On the IMO type, the own ship mark is not available.

5-2

5.2 Advanced-levelTroubleshooting

This paragraph describes how to cure hard-ware and software troubles which should becarried out by qualified service personnel.

Note: This radar equipment contains complexmodules in which fault diagnosis and repairdown to component level are not practicableby users.

Serviceman qualification

All adjustments of radio transmitter during orcoinciding with the installation, servicing, ormaintenance which may affect the proper op-eration must be performed by or under the im-mediate supervision and responsibility of a

person holding an operator certificate contain-ing a ship radar endorsement.

This is what the U.S. Codes of Federal Regu-lations part 80.169 implies (not exact extract).

As such, every administration sets forth its ownrule; service personnel must be aware of thiskind of competency requirements.

Service call

When making a service call to your serviceagent, check S/N and symptom beforehand.

Problem Check point andprobable cause

Remedy

Power turned on but radar does not operate at all. Control panel is not illuminated either.

1. Blown fuse F1 or F22. Mains voltage/polarity3. Power Supply Board 4. Illumination lamps

1. Replace blown fuse.2. Correct wirings and input voltage.3. Replace Power Supply Board.4. Replace defective lamps.

CRT brilliance adjusted but no picture

1. RADAR 1/2 menu settings

2. CRT voltage

3. SPU Board

1. In case of single display installation without radar inter- switching), make sure RADAR 1 is selected on SYSTEM SETTING menu. 2. Check high voltage supply with utmost care. 3. Replace SPU Board.

Antenna not rotating 1. Antenna drive mechanism (Note that the message BRG SIG MISSING appears in stand-by.)2. Defective antenna drive motor relay (thermal relay K2, 200/220/380, 440/100VAC)3. INT-9170 Board

1. Make sure that there is no short circuit across #1 and #2 of J461 on IN-9170 Board.

2. Press relay reset button.

3. Check that atenna switch is on.Alphanumeric data and marks are not displayed inTransmit status.

1. SPU Board 1. Replace SPU Board.

5-3


Remedy

Adjust GAIN control with A/C SEA control set at minimum. Marks and legends appear but no noise or echo.

1. IF amplifier 2. Signal cable between antenna and display

3. Video Amplifier Board

1. Replace IF amplifier.2. Check continuity and isolation of coaxial cable. (Note: Disconnect the plug and lugs at both ends of coaxial cable before checking it by ohmmeter.)3. Check video coax line for secure connection. If connection is good, replace SPU Board.

Marks, legends and noise appear but no echo. (Transmission leak, representing own ship position, is absent.)

1. Tx fuse F801 (Trans. Unit)

2. Magnetron

3. Modulator Board

4. SPU Board

1. If fuse is blown, replace it. If it blows again, the modulator or modulator circuit may be defective. 2. Check magnetron current with the check meter in the sub panel. Replace magnetron.3. Replace Modulator Board. 3. Replace SCR. DANGER: HIGH VOLTAGE.4. Replace SPU Board.

Picture not updated 1. Bearing Signal Generator Board (antenna unit) 2. SPU Board 3. Video lockup

1. Check the connection of signal cable. 2. Replace SPU Board. 3. Turn off and on radar.

Incorrect orientation of picture

1. SPU Board

2. Gyro Interface

1. The message "HD SIG MISSING" appears when the heading pulse is not received during stand-by.2. Replace gyro interface.

TUNE control adjusted but poor sensitivity

1. Deteriorated magnetron

2. Detuned MIC

3. Dirt on radiator face4. Water ingress to the waveguide or other feeder line5. Second trace rejection is ON.

1. With radar transmitting on 48 mm range, check magnetron current. If current is below normal value, magnetron may be defective. Replace magnetron. 2. Check MIC detecting current. If it is below normal value, MIC may have become detuned. MIC must be tuned. 3. Clean radiator surface. 4. Remove water from the feeder line.5. Disable the second-trace rejector referring to paragraph 1.36.

Range changed but radar picture does not change

1. Defective RANGE key

2. SPU Board 3. Mother Board 4. Video lockup

1. Try to hit [+] and [-] RANGE keys several times. If unsuccessful, replacement of keypad may be required.2. Replace SPU Board. 3. Replace Mother Board.4. Turn off and on radar.

5-4


Remedy

Interference rejector inoperable (interference rejection level not displayed)

1. Bad contact of key2. SPU Board3. Mother Board

1. Repair contact of key.2. Replace SPU Board.3. Replace Mother Board.

Echo stretch ineffective (Neither "ES1" nor "ES2" is displayed.)

1. Bad contact of key2. SPU Board

1. Repair contact of key.2. Replace SPU Board.

Only 2 parallel index lines (6 lines wanted)

1. Incorrect setting of index line interval

1. Set index line interval referring to paragraph 1.26.

Range rings are not displayed.

1. Press RINGS key to see if intensity is increased. control to see if intensity is increased.2. Bad contact of key 3. SPU Board

1. Replace associated circuit board if unsuccessful.

2. Replace keypad. 3. Replace SPU Board.

Key beep inaudible 1. Improper setting on RADAR 2 menu

1. Adjust key beep level on RADAR 2 menu referring to paragraph 1.32.

Poor discrimination at range

1. Sea clutter control not functioning properly.

1. Improper setting of A/C SEA control. If A/C SEA is seen only at very close range, suspect inaccurate frequency of crystal oscillator.

True motion presentation not working correctly

1. Poor contact of MODE key.2. Selection is not accessed.

3. Speed entry is incorrect.

4. TM display inaccurate

1. Try to press MODE key a little harder. 2. Press MODE key until "TM" appears. 3. Enter correct own ship speed referring to paragraph 1.24. 4. Make sure that speed and compass inputs are accurate.

Target not tracked correctly 1. Poor definition of targets in sea clutter

1. Adjust A/C SEA and A/C RAIN controls referring to paragraphs 1.13 and 1.14.

5-5

5.3 Diagnostic Test

A diagnostic test program is provided to en-able testing of major circuit boards in the radardisplay unit. Note that the normal radar pictureis lost during this test.

Proceed as follows to execute the diagnostictest:

1. Press the RADAR MENU key on the plot-ting keypad to show the FUNCTIONS menu.

2. Press numeric key [0][0] to show the SYS-TEM SETTING 2 menu.

3. On the R-type, press the key [3] to selectmenu item 3TEST . Then, press the ENTERkey.

On the IMO-type, press the key [3] toselect menu item 3TEST . Then, pressnumeric key [3] again to highlight selectTEST ON, followed by the ENTER key.

Now, the diagnostic test is executed andthe screen shows test results as shown onthe next page.

4. To terminate the diagnostic test, turn off thepower switch. Perform "quick start" (seepage 1-1) if you wish to restore normal ra-dar operation immediately.

Small squares displayed at the right and bot-tom of the test result screen are for testing theswitches and keys in the hinged compartmentsof the display unit and on the operator controlpanel. As you operate these switches and keys,corresponding squares are highlighted, indicat-ing that your switch/key operations are prop-erly recognized.

1 [SYSTEM SETTING 1]23 TEST

G-type

[SYSTEM SETTING 2]1 [SYSTEM SETTING 1]23 TEST

Hit [0].

1 [FUNCTIONS]2 RADAR 13 FUNCTION KEY 14 FUNCTION KEY 25 FUNCTION KEY 36 FUNCTION KEY 47 RADAR8 INTERSWITCH9 ANCHOR WATCH0 [SYSTEM SETTING 2]

[FUNCTIONS]1 PULSEWIDTH2 ECHO STRETCH3 ECHO AVERAGE45 ECHO COLOR6 SHIP'S SPEED7 INDEX LINES8 2ND ECHO REJ9 BRILLIANCE0 [SYSTEM SETTING 1]

Hit [0].

Hit [RADAR MENU].

Hit [0].

[SYSTEM SETTING 1]

1/2

IMO-type

OFF/ON

[SYSTEM SETTING 2]

1/2OFF/1/OFF/1/2/3

YEL/GRN/COLORLOG/MANNO.2/MANOFF/ON

5-6

Square are highlighted as corresponding keys are pressed. These squares are for

ST-BY, DEGAUSS and AUTO/MAN TUNEswitches from above.

Two lines are for control panel.

FR-2005 TEST

PROGRAM NO ROM RAMCRAM DIPSWMAIN XXXXXXXXXXX OK OK OK 1111SUB XXXXXXXXXX OK OKARP XXXXXXXXXX OK OK OK 0000DSP XXXXXXXXXX OK OK OKRP XXXXXXXXXX OK OK OK 1000 DRAM RP BOARD BAT OK RP CARD1 OK CARD2 OKVRAM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

A-1

APPENDIX

A.1 Performance Monitor

For X-band radars, the FURUNO PM-30satisfies the reguirement covering9410±50 MHz. For S-band radars, thePM-50 is available covering 3050±30MHz.

The performance monitor is an indepen-dent unit, namely, it is not interconnectedwith any unit of the radar system exceptfor the 100 VAC power cable. In someradars the power cable is not routed viathe power switch or other control of theradar and the monitor is operated as com-pletely a separate device.

Operating the performancemonitor

When Radar Interswitch RJ-7 is con-nected, set it to the "straight" mode. Pressthe PM ON/OFF button at the lower leftcorner in the Turning Compartment, andthe range scale is automatically set to 24nm range scale, producing the monitordisplay. The radar screen will show sev-eral arcs, opposite to the heading marker(provided that the performance monitoris installed behind the radar antenna asis normally the case). If the radar trans-mitter and receiver are in good workingconditions in as much as the original statewhen the monitor was turned up, the in-nermost are should appear at 12 nm andthere should be a total of 4 arcs.

The range of the innermost arc reduces3 nm with every 3 dB loss of transmittedpower. The receiver sensitivity can beevaluated from the number of visible arcs;one arc is lost every 3 dB deterioration ofthe sensitivity.

Transmitterperformance

Receiverperformance

Range toinnermostarc

Loss No. ofarcs

Loss

12 nm 0 dB 4 0 dB

9 nm 3 dB 3 3 dB

6 nm 6 dB 2 6 dB

3 nm orless or none

10 dB 1 9 dB

0 12 dB

TRANSMITTER: normalRECEIVER: normal

TRANSMITTER: 3 db loss(Transmitter system has losthalf of initial power.Suspect magnetron andfeeder system.)RECEIVER: normal

TRANSMITTER: 3 db loss(Transmitter system has losthalf of initial power.Suspect magnetron andfeeder system.)RECEIVER: 3 db loss(Receiver has lost half ofnormal sensitivity. Suspectreceiver front end, waterleakage in feeder system,etc.

Display Meaning

12 nm

9 nm

9 nm

A-2

A.2 For Fishing Vessel

This radar can be customized as a fish-ing vessel version with an internal setting.The fishing vessel version offers an addi-tional picture setup option "BIRD," whichis assignable to one of the function keysdepending on a setting on FUNCTIONKEY 1, 2 , 3 or 4 menu shown below.

If the BIRD option is menu-selected at thetime of installation, the correspondingfunction key is labeled "BIRD." Press thefunction key "BIRD" and the radar will beset for optimum detection of sea birdsbetween 6 and 16 nm. As is well knownby professional fishermen, locating a flockof sea birds is useful for finding certainspecies of fish.

1 PULSE WD2 ECHO STRETCH3 ECHO AVERAGE45 ECHO COLOR6 SHIP'S SPEED7 INDEX LINES8 2ND ECHO REJ9 BRILLIANCE0 [SYSTEM SETTING 1]

[FUNCTIONS]

1/2OFF/1/2OFF/1/2/3

YEL/GRN/COLOR LOG/MAN NO.2/MANOFF/ON

Hit [0].

1 [FUNCTIONS]2 RADAR 13 FUNCTION KEY 14 FUNCTION KEY 25 FUNCTION KEY 36 FUNCTION KEY 47 RADAR8 INTERSWITCH9 ANCHOR WATCH0 [SYSTEM SETTING 2]

[SYSTEM SETTING 1]

1/2

Hit [3].

Hit [5].

Hit [4].

Hit [RADAR MENU].

2

OFF/1/2/3

[FUNCTION KEY 1]1 [SYSTEM SETTING 1]2 FUNCTION

3 INT REJECT4 NEXT PAGE

FUNC1/RIVER/BUOY/SHIP/SHORT/LONG/CRUISING/HARBOR/COAST/OCEAN/ROUGH SEA/ BIRD

[FUNCTION KEY 2]1 [SYSTEM SETTING 1]2 FUNC KEY23 FUNCTION


OFF/1/2/3

PICTURE/OPERATION FUNC2/RIVER/BUOY/SHIP/SHORT/LONG/CRUISING/HARBOR/COAST/OCEAN/ROUGH SEA/BIRD



OFF/1/2/

/ WATCH ALARMFUNC3/RIVER/BUOY/SHIP/SHORT/LONG/CRUISING/HARBOR/COAST/OCEAN/ROUGH SEA/BIRD

PICTURE

3


/ WATCH ALARMHU/HU TB/CU/NU/TM/TRAILCU, TM RESET/OFF CENTERIDX LINES/CURSOR OFFSET/ECHO STRETCH1/ECHO STRETCH2/ECHO STRETCH3/ECHO COLOR/TRAIL BRILL/PANEL BRILL/CHAR BRILL/NOISE REJ

PICTURE

Hit [6].

Note: Items enclosed by dashed lines should be left in the default settings. For further information, contact a FURUNO representative.

A-3

A.3 Navigation Data (IEC 61162-1 Edition 1 and Edition2)

1. I/O Sentences for Channel 1

Input

BWC, BWR, DBT, DPT, GGA, GLL, MTW, MWV, RMA, RMB, RMC, VDR, VTG(*),ZDA *: not recommended in IMO-type

2. I/O Sentences of Channel 2

Input

VBW, VHW, HDT

Output

RAOSD, RARSD (An interval of three seconds)

3. I/O Sentences of Channel 3

Output

RATTM (Every five seconds when acquiring 10 targets)

4. Sentence Description

See pages which follow.

Note: Checksum for RMA, RMB, and RMC is mandatory. Checksum for other sen-tences is evaluated if it exists.

5. Priority

Nav data sentences below are read left to right, and in case of timeout the sentenceright of last read sentace is read. In case of multiple high priority sentences the sen-tences having the highest priority is read. ** is read regardless of talker. Timeout is 30seconds unless specified otherwise. Difficult time-outs for data sentences are requiredby German authorities.

Position data

GPGGA>GPRMC>GPGLL>LCRMA>LCGLL>**GLL

Timeout: 30 seconds

A-4

Data, time data

GPZDA

Timeout: 10 seconds

Course heading, speed over ground

(In the case of log)

VDVBW>**VBVBW

(In the case of navigator)

GPVTG>GPRMC (Not recommended in IMO-type)

Course heading, speed over water

VDVBW>**VBW>VD VHW

Water depth data

SDDPT>SDDBT>**DBT>**DBS

Water temperature data

**MTW

Waypoint range and bearing data

GPBWR>GPBWC>GPRBM

Route data (WPL, RTE)

*WPL

*RTE

Ship's heading

**HDT

A-5

RD1RD2 IF-2300

INPUT NAV-RXDAINPUT NAV-RXDB

(LISTENER (2 mA at 2V)

A-6

INPUT: POSITION (GLL)

CHANNEL 2 PORTOUT: OWN SHIP DATAINPUT:SDME (VBW)GYRO (HDT)

IF-2300 GYROCOMPASSORGYRO CONVERTER

SDME (Speed pulse)

SIMPLIFIED INTERCONNECTION DIAGRAM

(See Installation Manual for terminal connection)

Note: The FR/FAR-2805 does not process the IEC61162-2 data. Therefore, the sys-tem may only work as HSC radar by receiving gyro compass data thru GC-8 or AD-100.

A-7

,a*hh<CR><LF>. .

Mode indication *2(A/D/E/M/S/N)

Checksum

,a*hh<CR><LF>

Mode indication *2(See note in below.)

Checksum

.

*1 Not used*2 Edition 2 only

*1

UTC of observation *1


UTC of observation *1

*1

..

Note: The mode indicatior charactor "a" has been defined as follows:A= Automonous modeD= Differential modeE= Estimated (dead reckonning) modeM= Manual input modeS= Simulator modeN= Data not valid

A-8

, x.x*hh<CR><LF>Maximum range scale in use *1

Checksum

Number of satellite in use, 00-12 *1Status (0= data invalid, 1= GPS SPS mode, 2= DGPS SPS mode, 3= GPS PPS mode, 4= RTK, 5= Float RTK, 6= Estimated mode, 7= Manual input mode, 8= Simulator mode)

,

*1 Edition 2 only, not used.

*1 Not used

*1*1

*1*1

*1*1

*1

UTC of position *1

A-9

Latitude and longitude of vessel position, time of position fix and status.

,a*hh<CR><LF>Mode indicator (See note on page A-7.) *2

Checksum


*1

A-10





*1

*1*1

*1

*1

*1*1

*1*1

*1

°

A-11


*1 Not used*2 Edition 2 only Not used on G-type

*1*1

*1

Speed over ground, knots

°

A-12

,a*hh<CR><LF>Mode indicator (A/D/E/M/S/N) *2

Checksum

Speed over ground, K = km/h

Speed over ground, knotsCouse over ground, degrees magnetic *1

Couse over ground, degrees true


,

*1 Not used

*1

*1 Not used

*1*1

A-13

,x.x,A,x.x,A*hh<CR><LF>Checksum

Status: stern ground speed *1Stern transverse ground speed (knots) *1

Status: stern water speed *1Stern transverse water speed (knots) *1

Status, ground speed (A= data valid, V= data invalid)Transverse ground speed (knots)

Longitudinal ground speed (knots)Status (A= data valid, V= data invalid)

Transverse water speed (knots)Longitudinal water speed (knots) *1 Edition 2 only

Heading, degrees trueChecksum

A-15

Type of acqiusition (A/M/R) *2


*1

*1

MN-1

MENU TREE

MN-3

1 CPA/TCPA WARNING (OFF, ON) CPA 0.0NMTCPA 00.0 MIN

2 MARK SIZE (STD, LARGE)3 PLOT NO. (OFF, ON)4 REL VECT TGT DATA (REL, TRUE)5 AUDIO ALARM (OFF, ON)

FAR-FR2805 Operator's Manual x2

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Transcript of FAR-FR2805 Operator's Manual x2