FAR EAST AND THE PACIFIC ISLANDS
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Transcript of FAR EAST AND THE PACIFIC ISLANDS
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FAR EAST AND THEPACIFIC ISLANDS
India, China, Japan, Polynesia Hawaii
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Myths of India
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Myths of India
• VISHNU-associated with the sun
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Many images of Vishnu exist
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Myths of India
• Rudra is associated with storms
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Many images of Rudra also
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HINDU= REINCARNATION
• VISHNU IS IN THREE FORMS:– AS BRAHMA,THE CREATOR OF LIFE ON EARTH– AS VISHNU, THE PRESERVER OF LIFE ON EARTH– AS SHIVA-RUDRA –THE DESTROYER OF LIFE ON
EARTH
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Reincarnation
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VISHNU
• Vishnu often descends to earth and becomes reincarnated as a human hero to protect gods and mortals against the forces of evil beings (demons)
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Hindu= reincarnation
birth
maturity
death
Rebirth
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4 stages of life on earth
Krita Uga-virtue and
moral perfection
Treta Uga-virtue and
moral perfection declined
Dvapara Uga-disease and
death
Kali Uga-wealth and
sex
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First stage
• Krita Yuga• Age of virtue, moral perfection• Dharma walks steadily on all 4 feet• Everyone is good and lives happy, contented,
unselfish, and beautiful life
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Krita Yuga
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Second Stage
• Moral perfection still exists but walks less steadily
• Dharma is only on 3 legs• People are devoted to the pursuit of
knowledge
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Treta Yuga
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Third stage
• Dvapara Uga-eternal dharma totters unsteadily on 2 feet
• Virtue and moral perfection have declined• People devote themselves to sacrifice-which
they consider to be the highest virtue• People have become more passionate and
greedy and war is common
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Dvapara Yuga
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Fourth Stage
• Kali Yuga-people achieve rank in society based on money and property and not on moral virtue
• Virtue is measured by material wealth• Sexual passion alone binds husband and wife• People become successful by lies• Their only enjoyment is sex• There is hunger, disease, death
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Kali Yuga
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At the end of stage 4
• Vishnu will end all 3 worlds:– heaven, – Earth– Underworld
Only the great god Vishnu will remain
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After Vishnu destroys all
• First with fire, then with floods, all is destroyed.
• Then a large golden egg will appear• Vishnu will awaken• A large lotus flower comes out of his navel in
the form of Brahma-creator of life on earth• He will break open the egg to initiate the
rebirth process
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3 stages
Brahma creator of the world
Vishnu protector
of humans
Shiva Rudra-
destroyer of life
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CHINESE MYTHS
• NOT AS OLD AS OTHERS BECAUSE THE EMPORER IN 213 BC BURNED ALL BOOKS
• FROM ABOUT 200 BC TO 200 AD THE EMPORERS INSTITUTED CONFUCIANISM AS THE STATE RELIGION.
• CONFUCIANISM RELIES MORE ON THOUGHT AND PHILOSOPHY
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Yin Yang symbol
• The circle represents Tao - the undifferentiated Unity out of which all of existence arises. The black and white halves within the circle represent Yin-qi and Yang-qi - the primordial feminine and masculine energies whose interplay gives birth to the manifest world: to the Five Elements and Ten-Thousand Things.
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Yin Yang
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In Chinese Myth, the universe is two parts only
• The creation myth of Pangu shows creation out of chaos
• It shows that order is preserved• This order comes from yin/yang (sunlit vs
shaded) • Yin/yang also represent heaven and earth
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Creation of earth
• Story of Pangu• Pangu was formed from within the dark mass
of an egg• He decided to bring order into the universe• Yang rose and yin sank• Pangu decided he had to hold up the heavens
or life would not be able to exist on earth
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Story of Pangu
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When Pangu laid down to sleep..
• The earth formed from Pangu– Head and feet-mountains– Hair on his head and eyebrows-planets and stars– Left eye-the sun– Right eye-the moon– Flesh-soil– Blood-oceans and rivers
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Also…
– His teeth and bones-rocks. Minerals,gems– Breath-clouds and wind– Voice-lightning and thunder– Perspiration-rain and dew– Hair on his body-trees, plants and flowers– Parasites on his skin-animals and fish
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Mother Goddess Nugua
• She created the first people• She herself looked human except that she had
the tail of a dragon• Note: she made two different kind of people-
some more superior than others. (those she made one at a time were richer and more intellectual)
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Mother Goddess-Nugua
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Quest for the Sunhero: Bao Chu
• Like other heroes, he:• Has unusual birth• His growth is unusual• He has a huge task (to cover the sun)• His task will lead to fertility of the earth• He is willing to sacrifice himself for society
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Quest for the sun
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Bao Chu also
• Has a number of trials• These trials show his remarkable strength• Also his creative intelligence• He achieves great fame• He is mortal, so he does die;, but not until he
saves the world• His mother, Hui Niang is also a heroine
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JAPANESE MYTH
• Similar to the Chinese Yin/Yang, the Japanese myth tells us that, in the beginning, the world was like a shapeless egg.
• The lighter part remained above and became heaven
• The denser part sank below and became earth• From a floating object came the first god-the
two youngest: Iznagi and iznami\
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Japanese Creation story
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Izanagi and Izanami
• Married each other• Had a horrible child they set loose in a boat• Learned from the gods, Izanami’s proper place• Then they had 8 lovely children that made up
the land we know as Japan• They also created the wind, the beautiful
mountains, brooks, and streams
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Izanami and Izanagi
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Amaterasu
• Together they created the goddess of the sun, Amaratsu Omikami
• She was so beautiful that she went to heaven• Then they created the god of the moon and he
would become Amaterasu’s husband• Unfortunately they created some more
children who were not so pleasant and became rulers of the underworld and of fire
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Amaterasu
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Myths of Polynesia and Maori
• To be continued