30th Meeting of Least Developed Countries Expert Group. Monrovia, Monteserrado, Liberia.07-10 September 2016

FAO, Climate Change Adaptation, and NAPs

Hideki KanamaruNatural Resources Officer

NDCs and agriculture sectors

• NDCs an important guide for future programming decisions by country governments

• Countries identified 256 INDC actions for the agriculture and land-use sectors

Region % of INDCs referring to ag sectors

Sub-Saharan Africa LULUCF: 87 %AG: 76%

East / Southeast Asia LULUCF: 81% AG:75%

South Asia LULUCF: 63%AG:63%

North Africa and West Asia

LULUCF: 74%AG: 58%

Latin America and the Caribbean

LULUCF: 88%AG:73%

Mitigation (LULUCF: 145 countries) and (Agriculture: 140 countries) Adaptation (131 countries refer to Ag in the context of adaptation)

Region % of INDCs referring to ag sectors

Sub-Saharan Africa 100%

East / Southeast Asia 92%

South Asia 100%

North Africa and West Asia

93%

Latin America and the Caribbean

100%

Source: FAO analysis, data status 7.9.16

The agriculture sectors in the INDCsThe agriculture sectors are among the foremost priorities for climate action in developing countries

Planning and ImplementationTechnical and capacity needs

• Enhanced inter-sectoral and inter-ministerial cooperation is often identified as a priority.

• Many countries refer to importance of monitoring, evaluating and reacting to the performance of their adaptation and mitigation strategies.

• 1/3 of countries refer to research and capacity building in Ag sectors as part of adaptation sections

• About 60% of countries express the need for technology transfer and capacity development .• Countries prioritize technical capacities, followed by capacity

development to engage stakeholders, and formulate relevant strategies and policies.

FAO Action on Climate Change

Support at a number of levels

Climate Smart AgricultureAn organizing principle to help guide

actions to transform and re-orient agricultural systems to effectively and

sustainably support food security under the new realities of climate change.

Three pillars of CSA:

1.Increase, in a sustainable manner, productivity and income growth in agriculture.

2.Support adaptation across the agricultural sectors to expected climatic changes and build resilience.

3.Reduce, where possible, the greenhouse gas emissions of production systems.

Focus of FAO work on CSA

1)Making the case for CSA– Building an evidence base

2)Developing and applying CSA practices– Demonstrating and scaling-up site-specific

production practices

3)Enabling CSA– Building enabling institutional and policy frameworks

Country support on NAPs - some examples• Voluntary guidelines to support the integration of Genetic

Diversity into National Adaptation Planning• Agriculture supplement for the LEG technical guidelines for

the NAP process (NAP-Ag supplement). To be finalized in 2016.

• Fisheries and aquaculture sub-sector specific guidance document for country support.

• Supporting 29 developing countries out of which nine are considered Least Developed Countries across Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean on the design and implementation of processes related to adaptation planning/ National Adaptation Plans.

Relevant programs and projects- some examples• NAP-Ag Programme – 11 countries, FAO and UNDP• Strengthening the Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change in the Fisheries and

Aquaculture Sector - Chile• AMICAF – Indonesia and Paraguay• Climate Change Adaptation in the Eastern Caribbean Fisheries Sector• Improved fisheries management for sustainable use of marine living

resources in the face of changing systems • Reducing vulnerability and increasing adaptive capacity to respond to

impacts of climate change and variability for sustainable livelihoods in agriculture sector in Nepal

• Consolidating capacities for DRR in Agriculture in Southeast Asia (Lao PDR, Cambodia, the Philippines, DPR Korea)

• Community-based Climate Resilient Fisheries and Aquaculture Development in Bangladesh

FAO-GEF adaptation portfolio Global and Africa

The majority of FAO-GEF CCA work in Africa seeks to strengthen the resilience of small holder agriculturalists and agroecosystems Including: •Coastal communities in Togo •Small holder farmers through farmer field schools in Uganda, Berundi, Senegal, Mozambique, Burkina Faso. •Coastal fishers in the Benguela current. •Agropastoral systems and communities in Angola, Mali and Niger.

NAP-Ag Programme Update - Globally

• 8 countries: Kenya, Philippines, Nepal, Thailand, Uruguay, Uganda, Vietnam, Zambia

• 3 additional countries: Colombia, the Gambia and Zambia • Launch of FAO and UNDP websites• 05-07 April - Global Capacity Development Workshop on Integrating

Agriculture in NAPs in FAO HQ • 11-15 July - NAP Expo 2016 – Parallel Sessions:

www.fao.org/in-action/naps/news/events/nap-expo-2016/parallel-sessions/en/– Establishing baselines for NAPs and scaling up adaptation action (UNDP, UNEP, FAO, BMUB,

GCF (Representative from Gambia, Thailand, Philippines, Kenya and Zambia)– Experiences on ecosystem-based approaches under the Convention on Biological Diversity

(CBD, FAO)– Technical guidance on NAPs (Representative from Philippines)

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Programme websites

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UNDP

FAO

http://www.fao.org/in-action/naps http://www.adaptation-undp.org/naps-agriculture

Global Capacity Development Workshop

70 Participants

Representatives from Ministries of Agriculture and Environment,

FAO and UNDP Country focal points,

Partner organizations – Oxfam, NAP Global Network

Lead experts of the agriculture sectors

Thematics and Training Peer-to-Peer Exchange

Country Poster Session – Overview of key issues for NAPs

Buddy system – peer-to peer-exchange on select thematics

Sharing of work plans and milestones for 2016

Climate Change Adaptation and Food Security

Mainstreaming CCA into development planning

Building and evidence base for CCA in agriculture

Leveraging support for NAPs

NAP Technical Guidelines and integration of ag sectors and

other sectors

Country Team Work planning

05-07 April – FAO Headquarters, Rome, Italy

All workshop material posted online: www.fao.org/in-action/naps/news/events/global-capacity-development-workshop-2016

NAP-Ag ProgrammeUpdate - National

• Country inception workshops, launching the NAP for climate variability and change in the agriculture sectors – Kenya – 08 June 2016, Nairobi, Kenya http://www.fao.org/in-action/naps/news/detail/en/c/418096/ – Uruguay – 07 July 2016, Montevideo, Uruguay http://www.fao.org/in-action/naps/news/detail/en/c/425002/ – Zambia – 26-28 July 2016, Siavonga, Zambia http://www.fao.org/in-action/naps/news/detail/en/c/429633/ – Uganda – 02 August 2016, Kampala, Uganda http://www.fao.org/in-action/naps/news/detail/en/c/429305/

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Upcoming activities• Launch of Webinar Series for the NAP-Ag Programme –

focusing on technical topics from impact evaluation, CbA, gender, monitoring and evaluation, climate finance, integration of the agriculture sectors, etc.

• In-country trainings on Impact Evaluation and Cost-Benefit Analysis of adaptation options – Webinar and Briefing Note on Economics of Adaptation – Impact

Evaluation and CbA

• Gender mainstreaming in national policies – First series of country trainings – Dissemination of a training manual on mainstreaming gender in country

policymaking on adaptation in agriculture– Webinar and Briefing Note on Gender into Policy Making and Planning

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Highlights and country priorities• Undertake coherent NAPs, NDCs, NAMAs and NCs• Strengthen capacities to link climate policy and public finance• Mainstream climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction into

agriculture sector plans, policies, budgets (both national and provincial). • Improve impact monitoring frameworks • Wide consensus on the need for working together across Ministries and

national agencies working on environment, agriculture, forestry, fisheries, planning, finance and women’s affairs to work together to enhance climate change adaptation.

• Countries requested support on identifying suitable tools for building the evidence base, develop capacity and build effective work plans and budgets for the NAP process.

– Evidence base for adaptation plans for the agricultural sector– Evidence base for agricultural sector inputs into National Climate Change strategy/policy– Evidence base to understand climate benefits of adaptation options and their

planning/budgeting implications

Agricultural sectors & GCF• There is significant potential for the agricultural sectors to

deliver on GCF priorities.

FAO and GCF• FAO is exploring three ways to support Member

States to work with the GCF.– As a GCF-accredited implementing entity.

• FAO hopes to be accredited at either the October (B.14) or December (B.15) Board meeting.

• Projects up to USD 250 million (inclusive of co-financing).• Grant-implementing entity.• Projects characterized by a medium level of env/social risk.

– Supporting the design and implementation of projects led by other accredited entities.

– As a delivery partner in the GCF Readiness Programme.• Mainly to develop the GCF country programme.

Technical work in support of NAP – an example:Evidence-based climate change adaptation

• Any climate change adaptation programme/project should be supported by robust evidences.

• Evidence about:– Past climate, and its impacts on local agriculture– Future projected climate and its impacts on local agriculture– Characterization of vulnerability to climate change and other

factors (social, environmental, etc)– Current GHG emissions– Identification and appraisal of potential adaptation practices,

including cost-benefit, mitigation benefits– Effectiveness of adaptation interventions (monitoring and

evaluation)

Which regions are more affected by river flow changes, and irrigation potential?

Changes in discharge by season and agreement among 3 GCMs x 2 emission scenarios

2011-2040 vs 1971-2000

Which regions are more affected than other regions by crop productivity changes?

What are the priorities for adaptation interventions, resource allocation, and investments?

Rainfed rice yield change 2011-2040 vs 1971-2000

Peru – corn yield projection

Which crops are more vulnerable and where? What are optimal crop mix?

Principles• Strengthen linkage between research and decision making to

build evidence base• Information gap: assessment at national level with sub-national

disaggregation, medium- to long-term CC• Link with policy processes such as National Adaptation Plans

(NAPs), Climate-Smart Agriculture, Agricultural Investment Programme, etc

• Philippines, Peru, Morocco, Malawi, Zambia, Indonesia, Paraguay, and more

• Using MOSAICC and other tools• Inter-disciplinary• Addressing capacity gap in developing countries

Capacity Development• By national scientists• With country’s own data • For country's information needs, to inform

country’s programmes and projects• Individual capacities• Institutional capacities --- stakeholder

engagement, interdisciplinary team

Thank You