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Famine

By:Augustina iman

Nastea Gargalc

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When was the first time when we realised the problem?

Past

Present

Future/solutions

* famine memorial,Dublin

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The first to observe the problem

The problem was first highlighted by Thomas Malthus, a

British economist in 1798. Malthus said that human population

grows at a geometric or exponential rate, i.e. 1->2->4->8-

>16->32 etc, whereas food supplies, at best, only increases at

an arithmetic rate, i.e. 1->2->3->4->5 etc. (Show in diagram). Thistheory highlights a major problem: population will expand greater

than food supplies, and mass starvation would prevail.

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Famines in past

During the 20th century, an estimated 70 million people died fromfamines across the world, of whom an estimated 30 million died during thefamine of 195861 in China. The other most notable famines of the century

included the 19421945 disaster in Bengal, famines in China in 1928 and1942, and a sequence of famines in the Soviet Union, including theHolodomor, Stalin's famine inflicted on Ukraine in 193233. A few of thegreat famines of the late 20th century were: the Biafran famine in the1960s, the disaster in Cambodia in the 1970s, the Ethiopianfamine of198385 and the North Koreanfamine of the 1990s(scholars estimte600,000 died of starvation,other estimates range from 200.000 to 3,5

milion.)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_famineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Years_of_Natural_Disastershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Years_of_Natural_Disastershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Years_of_Natural_Disastershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holodomorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biafrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_-_1985_famine_in_Ethiopiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_-_1985_famine_in_Ethiopiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_-_1985_famine_in_Ethiopiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_-_1985_famine_in_Ethiopiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korean_faminehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korean_faminehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_-_1985_famine_in_Ethiopiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_-_1985_famine_in_Ethiopiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_-_1985_famine_in_Ethiopiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_-_1985_famine_in_Ethiopiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biafrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holodomorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Years_of_Natural_Disastershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Years_of_Natural_Disastershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Years_of_Natural_Disastershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_famines

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Other examples..

17th century1693-1694 famine in France killed 2milion

people

1695-1697 Greate famine of Estonia killedabout a fofth of the Estonian

population(70.000-75.000 people)

18th century1702-1704 famine in Deccan,India killed 2

milion people

1708-1711 famine in East Prussi killed

250,000 people,or 41% of thepopulation

19th centuryFour fames-in 1810,1811,1846 and1849-in China claimed nearly 45million lives

1845-1848 The Great Irish Famine killed

more than 1 million people

1891-1892 famine in

Russia caused 375,000

to 500,000 deaths

*great irish famine

And others

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Present

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In the Asian, African and Latin American countries, well over 500 million people are living in whatthe World Bank has called "absolute poverty"

Every year 15 million children die of hunger One in twelve people worldwide is malnourished, including 160 million children under the age of

5. The Indian subcontinent has nearly half the world's hungry people. Africa and the rest of Asia

together have approximately 40%, and the remaining hungry people are found in Latin Americaand other parts of the world.

Nearly one in four people, 1.3 billion - a majority of humanity - live on less than $1 per day, whilethe world's 358 billionaires have assets exceeding the combined annual incomes of countries with45 percent of the world's people. UNICEF

3 billion people in the world today struggle to survive on US$2/day. In the U.S. hunger and race are related. In 1991 46% of African-American children were

chronically hungry, and 40% of Latino children were chronically hungry compared to 16% ofwhite children.

One out of every eight children under the age of twelve in the U.S. goes to bed hungry every

night. Half of all children under five years of age in South Asia and one third of those in sub-SaharanAfrica are malnourished.

Malnutrition is implicated in more than half of all child deaths worldwide - a proportionunmatched by any infectious disease since the Black Death

About 183 million children weigh less than they should for their age To satisfy the world's sanitation and food requirements would cost only US$13 billion- what the

people of the United States and the European Union spend on perfume each year. Every 3.6 seconds someone dies of hunger It is estimated that some 800 million people in the world suffer from hunger and malnutrition,

about 100 times as many as those who actually die from it each year.

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Future

The problem of world hunger, particularly chronic persistenthunger, can be solved - even within our lifetimes. This area outlinessome of the many ways that hunger can be solved, from distributiontechniques to education.

Example,solutions:- Distribution- World debt cancellation- Peace negotiations

- Education- Technology's part- Government involvement

http://library.thinkquest.org/C002291/high/future/distribution.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/C002291/high/future/debt.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/C002291/high/future/peace.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/C002291/high/future/education.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/C002291/high/future/technology.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/C002291/high/future/government.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/C002291/high/future/government.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/C002291/high/future/technology.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/C002291/high/future/education.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/C002291/high/future/peace.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/C002291/high/future/debt.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/C002291/high/future/distribution.htm

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How hunger can be solved:Education

Education of people, particularly women, has been proven to help solvethe problem of chronic persistent hunger.

Women learn about thereproductive system

People can also be educated about how to use farming machinery moreefficiently or be trained how for jobs in factories. These aspects of

education, not only help the person benefiting directly from it, but also helpto develop the economy, brightening the country's future.