Family Gerreidae (Mojarras)

● Gerreid fishes are minor commercial fish in

Thai waters

● occur on reef-associated; brackish; marine

Gerres erythrourus

- The body is moderate deep, have 23-25 myomeres. The gut is coiled and short. A small, inconspicuous gas bladder is present above the anterior portion of the gut. The moderate head is broad and round, large mouse with it’s long ascending premaxillary process. The snout is short and round. The mouth initially reaches to anterior of eye, but in postflexion larvae be comes larger. The eye round is large in preflexion larvae and moderate to large. There is gap between the vent and anal fin. • Pigmentation:- Gerreid larvae have distinctive pigmentation from along the anal fin base to the tip of notochord

General Characteristic of Gerreid larvae

Meristic Characters of Indo-Pacific gerreid genera

D A P1 P2 C VertebraeGerres

Pentaprion

IX-X,9-11 III,7-10 15-17 I,5 9+8 10+14= 24

IX-X,12-14 V-VI,12-14 12-15 I,5 9+8 10+14= 24

Head Spination: - Gerreid larvae have small preopercular spine

● Family: Gerreidae● Stage: Preflexion● Sampling Location: Western Gulf of Thailand● Sampling Gear: Bongo net

● Measurement: (mm)

BL = 3.30 HL= 0.90 ED= 0.40SnL= 0.35 PAL= 1.50 BD= 1.00

● Counts:

D: - A: - P1: -

P2: - C: - Myomeres: 24

Sample measurement and identification

- The body is moderate deep, gut coiled and short- The moderate head is broad and round, large mouse with it’s long ascending premaxillary process (protractile mouth)- The eye round is large- There is gap between the vent and anal fin • Pigmentation:-Gerres sp. larvae have distinctive pigmentation from along the anal fin base to the tip of notochord

•Morphology:

gap

● Head Spination: - 1 small preopercular spine

● Similar family: Nemipteridae and Sparidae

● Family: Gerreidae● Stage: Post flexion● Sampling Location: Western Gulf of Thailand ● Sampling Gear: Bongo net● Species Name: Gerres sp.● Measurement: (mm)

BL = 6.40 HL= 1.50 ED= 0.60SnL= 0.50 PAL= 2.30 BD= 1.30

● Counts:

D: IX, 9 A: III, 6 P1: 10

P2: - C: 9+8 Myomeres: 24

Sample measurement and identification

- The body is moderate deep, gut coiled and short- The moderate head is broad and round, protractile mouth- There is gap between the vent and anal fin • Pigmentation:-Gerres sp. Larvae have distinctive pigmentation from along the anal fin base, anterior of anus, posterior of hypural bone and midbrain• Head Spination: small preopercular spine

•Morphology:

● Similar family: Gerreid larvae similar family Nemipteridae and

Sparidae, but small preopercular spine, protractile mouth, the gap between vent to anal fin and pigment pattern on the ventral margin of tail are usefully for distinctive from others family

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Family Serranidae

● Serranid fishes are commercial fish in Thai waters and South China Sea

● demersal fish; non-migratory

● occur on reef-associated; brackish; marine

E. sexfasciatus

E. malabaricus

E. tauvina

- The body is moderate deep, have 24 myomeres. The gut is loosely coiled. A small gas bladder is located above the apex of the gut. The head is initially moderate but increases in relative size to large. The snout is about equal to eye diameter. The large mouth is moderate oblique. The round eye is small to moderate. The spine at the preopercular angle is large than the others. • Pigmentation:- Serranid larvae are lightly to moderately pigment.

General Characteristic of Serranid larvae

Meristic Characters of some Indo-Pacific serranid genera

D A P1 P2 C Vertebrae

Anthiinae

Caprodon

Giganthias

Holanthias

etal.

Epinephelinae

Epinephelus

Cephalopholis

etal.

X,19-21 III,7-8 16-18 I,5 9+8 (15) 26-27

IX,13 III,8 16 I,5 - 10+15= 25

X,13-19 III,7-8 16-19 I,5 (13) 9+17= 26

XI,12-19 III,7-10 15-20 I,5 9+8 10+14= 24

IX,13-17 III,7-10 15-20 I,5 9+8 10+14= 24

● Family: Serranidae● Subfamily: Epinephelinae● Stage: Flexion● Species Name: -● Sampling Location: Celebes Sea (Indonesia)● Sampling Gear: Bongo net

● Measurement: (mm)

BL = 4.50 HL= 1.80 ED= 0.50SnL= 0.70 PAL= 2.60 BD= 1.50

● Counts:D: III A: - P1: -

P2: I C: 9+8 Myomeres: 24

Sample measurement and identification

- The body is moderate deep- The lightly coiled gut

extends to about mid of body- The head is moderate and snout is short and blunt- The spine serially associated with the first dorsal fin stout, elongate and serrate- The pelvic fin spine elongate and serrate, pelvic ray much shorter than the spine

Subfamily:EpinephelinaeGenus:Epinephelus sp.

• Morphology:

Serrated spine

Serrated spine

● Pigmentation:- Epinephelus sp. have melanophores over the gut and on caudal peduncle● Head Spination:-enlarged and serrate spine is present at the angle of preopercle and supraorbital ridge is present

Serrate preopercular spine

Supraorbital ridge

● Family: Serranidae● Subfamily: Epinephelinae● Species Name: Epinephelus sp.● Stage: Post flexion● Sampling Location: Western Gulf of Thailand ● Sampling Gear: Bongo net

● Measurement: (mm)

BL = 6.50 HL= 2.20 ED= 0.70SnL= 0.80 PAL= 3.80 BD= 2.30

● Counts:D: X, 15 A: III, 10 P1: 15

P2: I, 5 C: - Myomeres: 24

- The body is moderate deep- The spine serially associated with the first dorsal fin and pelvic fin stout, elongate and hook-like serration pattern

Subfamily:EpinephelinaeGenus:Epinephelus sp.

• Morphology:

Hook-like serrated spine

● Pigmentation: Epinephelus sp. Have melanophore over the gut and on caudal peduncle● Head Spination:- enlarged and serrate spine is present at the angle of preopercle and have supraorbital ridge, small spine on the posttemporal and supracleithral

Supracleithral spinePosttemporal spine

Serrate preopercular spine

● Family: Serranidae● Subfamily: Anthiinae● Species Name: -● Stage: Post flexion● Sampling Location: Andaman Sea ● Sampling Gear: Bongo net

● Measurement: (mm)

BL = 4.80 HL= 2.00 ED= 0.70SnL= 0.60 PAL= 3.20 BD= 2.20

● Counts:D: X, 14 A: III, 8 P1: 15 ?

P2: I, 5 C: 9+8 Myomeres: 26

- The body is deep

and hunchbacked body - The gut is coiled - The head is very large, short and moderately slope snout, large mouth and reaches beyond the middle of the eye, the eye is round and large • Pigmentation:-Anthiinae larvae are not heavily pigmented and except for the midbrain, dorsal midlateral line and ventral edge of tail

Subfamily:AnthiinaeGenus: -

•Morphology:

● Head Spination:- Head spination is extensive, interopercular spine is large and serrate at the preopercular angle- A moderate supracleithral spine, and two small posttemporal spines, and supraorbital ridge

Supracleithral spinePosttemporal spine

Subopercular spine

Interopercular spine

Supraorbital ridge

● Similar family: Serranid larvae are similar family Lutjanidae,

but dorsal and anal spine, head spination and pigment pattern on the ventral margin of tail are usefully for distinctive from this family

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Family Sillaginidae (Whitings)

● Sillaginid fishes are commercial fish in Thai waters and South China Sea

● demersal fish; non-migratory

● occur on sand and muddy substrates in the mouths of rivers, estuaries, and mangrove creeks in deep range 1 – 50 m.

s. maculata s. sihama

- The body is elongate, have 32 myomeres. The gut is initially straight, begins to coil during notochord fleaxion, lack of gas bladder. The head is small to moderate. the mouth initially reaches to about the anterior margin of the eye. The eye is large to moderate. Head spination is poorly developed. • Pigmentation:- Sillaginid larvae are lightly pigmented and characterized by a single low of melanophores along the ventral midline of the trunk, tail, and often on the head.

General Characteristic of Sillaginid larvae

Meristic Characters of Indo-Pacific sillaginid genera

D A P1 P2 C Vertebrae

Sillaginopsis

Sillago

X+I, 25-27 II, 24-27 20-22 I,5 9+8 15+27= 42

X-XIII+I, 16-24 II, 14-24 14-17 I,5 9+8 32-40

● Family: Sillaginidae● Species Name: Sillago sp.● Stage: Post flexion● Sampling Location: Phang-Nga Bay● Sampling Gear: Bongo net

● Measurement: (mm)

BL = 6.60 HL= 1.70 ED= 0.55SnL= 0.45 PAL= 3.50 BD= 1.15

● Counts:D: XII + I, 21 A: II, 18 P1: 14

P2: I, 5 C: 9+8 Myomeres: 40

Sample measurement and identification

● Morphology:- elongate body- The gut is initially straight, and

lake of gas bladder- The head is small, mouth reach to

anterior margin of the eye

- The eye is moderate

● Pigmentation:- Sillago sp. are lightly pigmented; single

row of melanophores along the ventral midline of the trunk and tail; series of melanophores at mid-laterally and dorsal edge of the tail

- pigment is often present on the margin of tail

● Head Spination: -

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