FAMILY Cyprinidae Rafinesque, 1815 - minnows and carps SUBFAMILY Acheilognathinae Bleeker, 1863 - bitterlings [=Acheilognathini, Rhodeina, Acanthorhodeinae] Notes: Acheilognathini Bleeker, 1863–64:32 [ref. 4859] (stirps) Acheilognathus [also Bleeker 1863b:213 [ref. 397]] Rhodeina Günther, 1868:276 [ref. 1990] (group) Rhodeus Acanthorhodeinae Kryzanowsky, 1947:55 [ref. 32215] (subgroup) Acanthorhodeus GENUS Acheilognathus Bleeker, 1859 - bitterlings [=Acheilognathus Bleeker [P.], 1859:251, Acanthorhodeus Bleeker [P.], 1871:39, 40, Paracheilognathus Bleeker [P.], 1863:213, Rhodeops (subgenus of Acheilognathus) Fowler [H. W.], 1910:479] Notes: [ref. 370]. Masc. Acheilognathus melanogaster Bleeker, 1860. Type by subsequent designation. See Kottelat 2013 69 [ref. 32989] for a new interpretation and change in type, and designation by Bleeker 1863:213. See Kottelat 2000:198 et seq. [ref. 24524] for discussion of type species; type species designated by Kottelat 2000:199 [ref. 24524]. Apparently appeared first in key, without species as above. One species added by Bleeker 1859 259 [ref. 371] (five added by Bleeker 1860:225 [ref. 380]). Achilognathus Günther, 1868:276 [ref. 1990] is an unjustified emendation. •Synonym of Acanthorhodeus Bleeker, 1871 -- (Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:40 [ref. 28183]). •Valid as Acheilognathus Bleeker, 1860 -- (Wu 1964:207 [ref. 13503], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:54 [ref. 6441], Arai & Akai 1988 [ref. 6999], Chen & Li in Chu & Chen 1989:128 [ref. 13584], Ye in Pan et al. 1991:130 [ref. 23876], Doi 1997:2 [ref. 22832], Chen in Chen 1998:129 [ref. 23556], Lin in Chen et al. 1998:416 [ref. 23878], Doi et al. 1999:303 [ref. 24230], Naseka & Bogutskaya 2004:280 [ref. 27838], Arai et al. 2007:1 [ref. 29106], Yang et al. 2010:333 [ref. 30786], Li & Arai 2010:303 [ref. 31188], Yang et al. 2011:158 [ref. 31154], Kottelat 2013:69 [ref. 32989], Li & Arai 2014:165 [ref. 33267]). Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus Bleeker, 1859. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae (Acanthorhodeus) [ref. 6421]. Masc. Acanthorhodeus macropterus Bleeker, 1871. Type by subsequent designation. Apparently appeared first as name only in Bleeker 1870:253 [ref. 429]. Description and several species appeared as above, without type designation. Type apparently first designated by Jordan 1919:355 [ref. 4904]. •Valid as Acanthorhodeus Bleeker, 1871 -- (Wu 1964:211 [ref. 13503], Kottelat 1989:6 [ref. 13605], Ye in Pan et al. 1991:132 [ref. 23876], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:30 [ref. 22798], Naseka & Bogutskaya 2004:280 [ref. 27838], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:40 [ref. 28183]). •Synonym of Acheilognathus Bleeker, 1859 -- (Arai & Akai 1988:205 [ref. 6999], Chen & Li in Chu & Chen 1989:128 [ref. 13584], Naseka 1998:79 [ref. 23590], Lin in Chen et al. 1998:416 [ref. 23878], and on placement

of the type species, Kottelat 2013:69 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus Bleeker, 1859. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. (Paracheilognathus) [ref. 397]. Masc. Capoeta rhombea Temminck & Schlegel, 1846. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Also appeared in Bleeker 1863:264 [ref. 403] and 1863:33 [ref. 4859]; earliest publication not established. See Bănărescu 1997:24 [ref. 23274]. •Valid as Paracheilognathus Bleeker, 1863 -- (Wu 1964:208 [ref. 13503], Lin in Chen et al. 1998:438 [ref. 23878]). •Synonym of Acheilognathus Bleeker, 1860 -- (Arai & Akai 1988:205 [ref. 6999], Kottelat 2000:199 [ref. 24524], Kottelat 2013:69 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus Bleeker, 1859. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. (Rhodeops) [ref. 1380]. Masc. Acheilognathus brevianalis Fowler, 1910. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Acheilognathus Bleeker, 1859 -- (Arai & Akai 1988:205 [ref. 6999], Kottelat 2013:69 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus Bleeker, 1850. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae.

Species Acheilognathus asmussii (Dybowski, 1872) - Russian bitterling, spiny bitterling [=Devario asmussii Dybowski [B. N.], 1872:212, Acanthorhodeus asmussii amurensis Holcík [J.], 1962:160, Figs. 3-4] Notes: [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 22; ref. 1170] Lake Khanka [Chanka], southeastern Russia. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus asmussii (Dybowski, 1872). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Russia, Mongolia, China and Korea. Habitat: freshwater. (amurensis) [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 9 (nos 1-6); ref. 5934] Lake Kabar, Amur River near Jelabuga (ca 60 kilometers from town of Khabarowsk), Russia. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus asmussii (Dybowski, 1872). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus barbatulus Günther, 1873 - Chinese bitterling [=Achilognathus barbatulus Günther [A.], 1873:248, Acheilognathus argenteus Wu [H.-W.], 1939:118, Paracheilognathus peihoensis Fowler [H. W.], 1910:481, Fig. 3, Acheilognathus shibatae Mori [T.], 1928:67] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 12 (no. 69) (art. 31); ref. 2004] Shanghai, China. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus barbatulus Günther, 1873. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae.

Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (argenteus) [Sinensia v. 10 (nos 1-6); ref. 4805] Yangso, Li Kiang, southern China. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus barbatulus Günther, 1873. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater. (peihoensis) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 62; ref. 1380] Pei-Ho River, Tien-Tsin, China. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus barbatulus Günther, 1873. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: China (if valid). Habitat: freshwater. (shibatae) [Japanese Journal of Zoology v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 15862] Tsi-nan, Shantung, northern China. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus barbatulus Günther, 1873. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus barbatus Nichols, 1926 - Ningkwo bitterling (author) [=Acheilognathus barbatus Nichols [J. T.], 1926:6, Fig. 6] Notes: [American Museum Novitates No. 214; ref. 15600] Ningkwo (Suancheng), Anhwei Province, China. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus barbatus Nichols, 1926. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus binidentatus Li, in Wang et al., 2001 - XiQing bitterling (author) [=Acheilognathus binidentatus Li [G.-L.], in Wang et al., 2001:145, Figs. 91 A-B] Notes: [The fauna of Hebei, China 2001; ref. 26566] XiQing, District of Tianjin, China, 38°50'N, 117°15'E. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus binidentatus Li, 2001. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Tianjin, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus brevicaudatus Chen & Li, 1987 - Yangzonhai short-tail bitterling (author) [=Acheilognathus elongatus brevicaudatus Chen [Y.-R.] & Li [Z.-Y.], 1987:62 [English p. 66], Fig. 2B] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 8 (no. 1); ref. 8970] Yangzonhai Lake, flowing into the nanpan River, Yunnan Province, China, 24°51'-24°58'N, 102°59'-103°02'E.

Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus brevicaudatus Chen & Li, 1987. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus changtingensis Yang et al., 2011 - Changting bitterling (author) [=Acheilognathus changtingensis Yang [Q.], Zhu [Y.], Xiong [B.] & Liu [H.], 2011:158, Fig. 2] Notes: [Zoological Science v. 28 (no. 2); ref. 31154] Hanjiang River, Changting County, 25°85'N, 116°37'E, southeastern China. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus changtingensis Yang, Zhu, Xiong & Liu, 2011. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Hanjiang River, Fujian Province, southeastern China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus chankaensis (Dybowski, 1872) - Khanka spiny bitterling [=Devario chankaensis Dybowski [B. N.], 1872:212, Acanthorhodeus atranalis Günther [A.], 1873:248, Paracheilognathus bleekeri Berg [L. S.], 1907:162, Acanthorhodeus gracilis Regan [C. T.], 1908:60, Pl. 2 (fig. 1), Parachilognathus imberbis Bleeker [P.], 1871:37, Pl. 4 (fig. 1), Acanthorhodeus asmussi sungariensis Berg [L. S.], 1931:218, Fig. 6, Acanthorhodeus tokunagai Mori [T.], 1934:35, Pl. 13 (fig. 2), Acanthorhodeus wangi Tchang [T.-L.], 1930:115, Pl. 3 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 22; ref. 1170] Lake Khanka, southeastern Russia. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus chankaensis (Dybowski, 1872). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Eastern Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (atranalis) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 12 (no. 69) (art. 31); ref. 2004] Shanghai, China. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus chankaensis (Dybowski, 1872). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater. (bleekeri) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 19 (no. 110) (art. 18); ref. 269] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus chankaensis (Dybowski, 1872). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater. (gracilis) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1908 (pt 1); ref. 14334] Chong-ju, South Korea.

Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus chankaensis (Dybowski, 1872). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: South Korea. Habitat: freshwater. (imberbis) [Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Amsterdam) v. 12 (art. 2); ref. 6421] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus chankaensis (Dybowski, 1872). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater. (sungariensis) [Ezhegodnik. Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk v. 32; ref. 18893] Sungari [Songhua] River, Harbin, China. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus chankaensis (Dybowski, 1872). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater. (tokunagai) [Report of the first scientific expedition to Manchoukuo, Tokyo, Sec. 5, Zoology Pt 1; ref. 3042] Summer Palace, Jehol, China. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus chankaensis (Dybowski, 1872). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater. (wangi) [Thèses: présentées à la Faculté des Sciences de Paris pour obtenir le grade de docteur des sciences naturelles, Sér. A. No. 209 (order no. 233); ref. 16212] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus chankaensis (Dybowski, 1872). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus coreanus Steindachner, 1892 - oily bitterling [=Achilognathus coreanus Steindachner [F.], 1892:366 [10] [133]] Notes: [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 59 (1. Abth.); ref. 14517] Seoul, Korea. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus coreanus Steindachner, 1892. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus cyanostigma Jordan & Fowler, 1903 - striped bitterling [=Acheilognathus cyanostigma Jordan [D. S.] & Fowler [H. W.], 1903:820, Fig. 2, Acheilognathus brevianalis Fowler [H. W.], 1910:479, Fig. 2] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 26 (no. 1334); ref. 2463] Lake Biwa at Matsubara, Omi, Japan.

Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus cyanostigma Jordan & Fowler, 1903. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Western Japan. Habitat: freshwater. (brevianalis) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 62; ref. 1380] Lake Biwa at Matsubara, Omi, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus cyanostigma Jordan & Fowler, 1903. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus deignani (Smith, 1945) - Deignan's bitterling (author) [=Acanthorhodeus deignani Smith [H. M.], 1945:219, Fig. 39] Notes: [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 188; ref. 4056] Huey Nam Puat, tributary of Mekong River at Ban Nam Puat, Laos. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus deignani (Smith, 1945). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Laos and Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus elongatoides Kottelat, 2001 - Thuong bitterling (author) [=Acheilognathus elongatoides Kottelat [M.], 2001:14, Pararhodeus elongatus Mai [D. Y.], 1978:181, Fig. 82] Notes: [Freshwater fishes of northern Vietnam. A preliminary check-list; ref. 25482] Thuong River, Lang Son, northern Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus elongatoides Kottelat, 2001. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater. (elongatus) [Identification of the fresh-water fishes of North Viet Nam v. 1; ref. 13511] Thuong River, Lang Son, northern Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus elongatoides Kottelat, 2001. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus elongatus (Regan, 1908) - elongate bitterling [=Acanthorhodeus elongatus Regan [C. T.], 1908:356, Acanthorhodeus grahami Nichols [J. T.], 1918:18] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 2 (no. 10); ref. 14350] Yunnan Fu, China. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus elongatus (Regan, 1908). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: China.

Habitat: freshwater. (grahami) [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 31; ref. 3171] Yunnan-fu, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus elongatus (Regan, 1908). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus fasciodorsalis Nguyen in, Nguyen & Ngo, 2001 - Song Bang bitterling (author) [=Acheilognathus fasciodorsalis Nguyen [V. H.], in Nguyen & Ngo, 2001:243, Fig. 114] Notes: [Freshwater fishes of Viet Nam. Volume I. Family Cyprinidae v. 1; ref. 28301] Sông Bàng, Cao Bàng, Cao Bàng Province, Viêt Nam. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus fasciodorsalis Nguyen, 2001. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Bàng River, Cao Bàng Province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus gracilis Nichols, 1926 - Tungting bitterling (author) [=Acheilognathus gracilis Nichols [J. T.], 1926:5, Fig. 5, Acanthorhodeus fowleri Holcík [J.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1964:3, Figs. 1-3, Acheilognathus gracilis luchowensis Wu [H.-W.], 1930:79, Fig. 6] Notes: [American Museum Novitates No. 214; ref. 15600] Huping, Tungting Lake, Hunan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus gracilis Nichols, 1926. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. (fowleri) [Annotationes Zoologicae et Botanicae No. 2; ref. 2282] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River] at Uhan [Wuhan], Hupeh Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus gracilis Nichols, 1926. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater. (luchowensis) [Sinensia v. 1 (no. 6); ref. 16240] Fu-tsi-Chang, Luchow, upper Chang Jiang [Yangtze River] valley, Szechwan, China. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus gracilis Nichols, 1926. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus hypselonotus (Bleeker, 1871) - Chang Jiang bitterling (author) [=Acanthorhodeus hypselonotus Bleeker [P.], 1871:43, Pl. 11 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Amsterdam) v. 12 (art. 2); ref. 6421] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River],

China. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus hypselonotus (Bleeker, 1871). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus imberbis Günther, 1868 - imberbis bitterling (author) [=Achilognathus imberbis Günther [A.], 1868:278, Acheilognathus macrodorsalis Hsia [W. P.], 1949:200, Fig.] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] China. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus imberbis Günther, 1868. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. (macrodorsalis) [Contributions from the Institute of Zoology. National Academy of Peiping. v. 5 (no. 5); ref. 20561] Paiyang Tien, Hopei Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus imberbis Günther, 1868. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Hopei Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus imfasciodorsalis Nguyen, in Nguyen & Ngo, 2001 - Cao Bang bitterling (author) [=Acheilognathus imfasciodorsalis Nguyen [V. H.], in Nguyen & Ngo, 2001:242, Fig. 113] Notes: [Freshwater fishes of Viet Nam. Volume I. Family Cyprinidae v. 1; ref. 28301] Cao Bàng, Cao Bàng Province, Viêt Nam. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus imfasciodorsalis Nguyen, 2001. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Bàng River, Cao Bàng Province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus intermedia (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) - Korean bitterling [=Capoeta intermedia Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.], 1846:203, Pl. 100 (figs. 4, 4a-b)] Notes: [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Near Nagasaki, Japan. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus intermedia (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution:

Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus kyphus (Mai, 1978) - kyphus bitterling (author) [=Pararhodeus kyphus Mai [D. Y.], 1978:182, Fig. 83] Notes: [Identification of the fresh-water fishes of North Viet Nam v. 1; ref. 13511] Creeks in northern Thailand. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus kyphus (Mai, 1978). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus lanchiensis (Herre & Lin, 1936) - Lanchie bitterling (author) [=Acanthorhodeus lanchiensis Herre [A. W. C. T.] & Lin [S.-Y.], 1936:17, Fig. 5] Notes: [Bulletino Chekiang Provincial Experiment Station, Tinghai, Chekiang, China v. 2 (7); ref. 10995] Pool in rapids at Lanchie, upper Tsien Tang River, Chekiang Province, China. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus lanchiensis (Herre & Lin, 1936). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Upper Tsien Tang River, Chekiang Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus longibarbatus (Mai, 1978) - Na-Ri bitterling (author) [=Acanthorhodeus longibarbatus Mai [D. Y.], 1978:186, Fig. 84] Notes: [Identification of the fresh-water fishes of North Viet Nam v. 1; ref. 13511] Na-Ri River and Cao Bang River, northern Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus longibarbatus (Mai, 1978). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus longipinnis Regan, 1905 - deepbody bitterling [=Achilognathus longipinnis Regan [C. T.], 1905:364] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 16 (no. 93) (art. 42); ref. 15382] Yamasabu River, Lake Biwa, Japan. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus longipinnis Regan, 1905. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae.

Distribution: Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus longispinnis (Oshima, 1926) - Kachek River deep-body bitterling (author) [=Acanthorhodeus longispinnis Oshima [M.] 1926:14] Notes: [Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 3314] Kachek River near Kachek, Hainan Island, China. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus longispinnis (Oshima, 1926). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus macromandibularis Doi et al., 1999 - Zong Yang bitterling (author) [=Acheilognathus macromandibularis Doi [A.], Arai [R.] & Liu [H.-Z.], 1999:305, Fig. 1] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 10 (no. 4); ref. 24230] Zong Yang, Anhui Province, China. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus macromandibularis Doi, Arai & Liu, 1999. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus macropterus (Bleeker, 1871) - giant Chinese bitterling [=Acanthorhodeus macropterus Bleeker [P.], 1871:40, Pl. 2 (fig. 2), Acanthorhodeus bergi Mori [T.], 1928:63 [17], Acanthorhodeus dicaeus Rutter [C. M.], 1897:58, Acanthorhodeus guichenoti Bleeker [P.], 1871:41, Pl. 13 (fig. 2), Acanthorhodeus jeholicus Mori [T.], 1934:33, Pl. 1 (figs. 1-2), Acanthorhodeus ngowyangi Tchang [T.-L.], 1930:115, Pl. 3 (fig. 2), Acanthorhodeus taenianalis Günther [A.], 1873:247 ] Notes: [Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Amsterdam) v. 12 (art. 2); ref. 6421] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus macropterus (Bleeker, 1871). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: China, Korea and northern Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

(bergi) [Journal of the Chosen Natural History Society No. 6; ref. 15861] Manpochin, Korea. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus macropterus (Bleeker, 1871). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater. (dicaeus) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 49; ref. 12329] Swatow, Shantou, coast of southeastern China. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus macropterus (Bleeker 1871). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Guangdong Province, China. Habitat: freshwater. (guichenoti) [Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Amsterdam) v. 12 (art. 2); ref. 6421] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus macropterus (Bleeker, 1871). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater. (jeholicus) [Report of the first scientific expedition to Manchoukuo, Tokyo, Sec. 5, Zoology Pt 1; ref. 3042] Summer Palace, Jehol, China. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus macropterus (Bleeker, 1871). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater. (ngowyangi) [Thèses: présentées à la Faculté des Sciences de Paris pour obtenir le grade de docteur des sciences naturelles, Sér. A. No. 209 (order no. 233); ref. 16212] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus macropterus (Bleeker, 1871). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater. (taenianalis) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 12 (no. 69) (art. 31); ref. 2004] Shanghai, China. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus macropterus (Bleeker, 1871). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: China (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus majusculus Kim & Yang, 1998 - Somjin bitterling (author) [=Acheilognathus majusculus Kim [I.-S.] & Yang [H.], 1998:27, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Korean Journal of Biological Sciences v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 24125] Somjin River, Dae-ri, Kwanchon-myon, Imsil-gun, North Cholla, Chollabuk-do Province, South Korea. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus majusculus Kim & Yang, 1998. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus melanogaster Bleeker, 1860 - tanago [=Acheilognathus melanogaster Bleeker [P.], 1860:92, Pl. 2 (fig. 1), Acheilognathus moriokae Jordan [D. S.] & Thompson [W. F.], 1914:225, Pl. 25 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 8 (art. 1); ref. 374] Tokyo, Japan. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus melanogaster Bleeker, 1860. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Eastern Honshu, Japan. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (moriokae) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 4); ref. 2543] Morioka, Lake Biwa, Funayado, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus melanogaster Bleeker, 1860. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Acheilognathus meridianus (Wu, 1939) - Yangao bitterling (author) [=Paracheilognathus meridianus Wu [H.-W.], 1939:117] Notes: [Sinensia v. 10 (nos 1-6); ref. 4805] Yangao, Li Kiang, southern China. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus meridianus (Wu, 1939). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Southern China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus microphysa Yang et al., 1990 - Haikou bitterling (author) [=Acheilognathus elongatus microphysa Yang [J.-X.], Chu [X.-L.] & Chen [Y.-R.], 1990:73, Fig. 2c] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 1 (no. 1); ref. 16186] Haikou, Mingxing and Xijia, 24°21'-24°38'N, 102°49'-102°57'E, Fuxian Lake, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus microphysa Yang, Chu & Chen, 1990. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus microphysa Yang et al., 1990 - Haikou bitterling (author) [=Acheilognathus elongatus microphysa Yang [J.-X.], Chu [X.-L.] & Chen [Y.-R.], 1990:73, Fig. 2c]

Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 1 (no. 1); ref. 16186] Haikou, Mingxing and Xijia, 24°21'-24°38'N, 102°49'-102°57'E, Fuxian Lake, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus microphysa Yang, Chu & Chen, 1990. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater

Species Acheilognathus nanchongensis Deng, 1996 - Nanchong bitterling (author) [=Acheilognathus nanchongensis Deng [Q.-X.], 1996:19?] Notes: [Journal of Sichuan Teachers College (Natural Science) v. 17 (no. 4); ref. 30152] Xi-Chong river, Nanchong, Sichuan, China. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus nanchongensis Deng, 1996. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Nanchong, Sichuan, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus nguyenvanhaoi Nguyen et al., 2013 - Tien Yen bitterling (author) [=Acheilognathus nguyenvanhaoi Nguyen [H. D.], Tran [D. H.] & Ta [T. T.], 2013:18, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Tap Chíi Sinh Hoc (J. Biol.) v. 35 (no. 1); ref. 32689] Quing Ninh Province, Tien Yen River at Binh Lieu town, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus nguyenvanhaoi Ngyyen, Tran & Ta, 2013. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Tien Yen River, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus omeiensis (Shih & Tchang, 1934) - Omei bitterling (author) [=Acanthorhodeus omeiensis Shih [H.-J.] & Tchang [T.-L.], 1934:8, Fig. 1] Notes: [Contributions of the Biology Department, Scientific Institite West China, Chungking No. 2; ref. 20562] Omei, Szechwan, China. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus omeiensis (Shih & Tchang, 1934). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Yangtze River basin, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus peihoensis (Fowler, 1910) - Pei-Ho bitterling (author)

[=Paracheilognathus peihoensis Fowler [H. W.], 1910:481, Fig. 3] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 62; ref. 1380] Pei-Ho River, Tien-Tsin, China. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus peihoensis (Fowler, 1910). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus polylepis (Wu, 1964) - polylepis bitterling (author) [=Acanthorhodeus polylepis Wu [H.-W.], in Wu & et al., 1964:219, Fig. 5-22] Notes: [The cyprinid fishes of China v. 1; ref. 4806] Hunan and Zhejiang, China. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus polylepis (Wu, 1964). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Yangtze River basin, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus polyspinus (Holcik, 1972) - many-spined bitterling (author) [=Acanthorhodeus polyspinus Holcík [J.], 1972:183, Fig. 5, Acanthorhodeus dayeus Mai [D. Y.], 1978:187, Fig. 85] Notes: [Véstnik Československé společnosti zoologické v. 36 (no. 3); ref. 7615] Red River, Hanoi, northern Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus polyspinus (Holcík, 1972). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater. (dayeus) [Identification of the fresh-water fishes of North Viet Nam v. 1; ref. 13511] Dáy River, Hòa-Binh, northern Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus polyspinus (Holcík, 1972). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus rhombeus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) - rhomboid bitterling (author) [=Capoeta rhombea Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.], 1846:204, Pl. 100 (figs. 6, 6a-b), Acheilognathus steenackeri Sauvage [H.-E.], 1883:146 [3]] Notes: [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Near Nagasaki, Japan. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus rhombeus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Japan and Korea.

Habitat: freshwater. (steenackeri) [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 7; ref. 3896] Lake Biwa, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus rhombeus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus striatus Yang et al., 2010 - striated bitterling (author) [=Acheilognathus striatus Yang [Q.], Xiong [B.-X.], Tang [Q.-G.] & Liu [H.-Z.], 2010:334, Figs.1-5] Notes: [Environmental Biology of Fishes v. 88 (no. 4); ref. 30786] Lower Chang Jiang [Yangtze River] basin, Wuyuan County, Jiangxi Province, China, 29°25'N, 117°83'E. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus striatus Yang, Xiong, Tang & Liu, 2010. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Le'an River, lower Yangtze River basin, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus tabira Jordan & Thompson, 1914 - tabira [=Acheilognathus tabira Jordan [D. S.] & Thompson [W. F.], 1914:220, Pl. 25 (fig. 1), Acheilognathus tabira erythropterus Arai [R.], Fujikawa [H.] & Nagata [Y.], 2007:11, Figs. 3B-D, 8, Acheilognathus tabira jordani Arai [R.], Fujikawa [H.] & Nagata [Y.], 2007:17, Figs. 4A-B, 5C-E, 10, Acheilognathus tabira nakamurae Arai [R.], Fujikawa [H.] & Nagata [Y.], 2007:19, Figs. 4D, 5F, 11, Acheilognathus tabira tohokuensis Arai [R.], Fujikawa [H.] & Nagata [Y.], 2007:13, Figs. 3A, 5A-B, 9] Notes: [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 4); ref. 2543] Lake Biwa at Matsubara, Japan. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus tabira Jordan & Thompson, 1914. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Japan. Habitat: freshwater. (erythropterus) [Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science (Ser. A) Suppement No. 1; ref. 29106] Lake Kasumigaura, Hama, Tamatsukuri, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus tabira Jordan & Thompson, 1914. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Pacific side of eastern Honshu [subspecies]. Habitat: freshwater.

(jordani) [Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science (Ser. A) Suppement No. 1; ref. 29106] Lake Kibagata, Komatsu, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus tabira Jordan & Thompson, 1914. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Japan Sea side of western Honshu [subspecies]. Habitat: freshwater. (nakamurae) [Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science (Ser. A) Suppement No. 1; ref. 29106] Futatsukawa River, Yanagawa, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus tabira Jordan & Thompson, 1914. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Kyushu area, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan [subspecies]. Habitat: freshwater. (tohokuensis) [Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science (Ser. A) Suppement No. 1; ref. 29106] Lake Nishinuma, Yokote, Akita Prefecture, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus tabira Jordan & Thompson, 1914. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Japan Sea side of eastern Honshu, Japan [subspecies]. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus tonkinensis (Vaillant, 1892) - Tonkin bitterling [=Acanthorhodeus tonkinensis Vaillant [L. L.], 1892:127 [3], Acanthorhodeus robustus Holcík [J.], 1972:181, Fig. 1] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (8th Série) v. 4 (no. 3); ref. 14518] Nam-kia River, affluent to River Noire, Upper Tonkin, northern Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus tonkinensis (Vaillant, 1892). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: China and Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater. (robustus) [Véstnik Československé společnosti zoologické v. 36 (no. 3); ref. 7615] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], Yi-Hing, China. Current status: Synonym of Acheilognathus tonkinensis (Vaillant, 1892). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus typus (Bleeker, 1863) - netted bitterling, zeni-tanago [=Pseudoperilampus typus Bleeker [P.], 1863:258, Fig.] Notes: [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde. v. 15; ref. 17013] Japan. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus typus (Bleeker, 1863). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae.

Distribution: Eastern Honshu, Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acheilognathus yamatsutae Mori, 1928 - Korean striped bitterling [=Acheilognathus yamatsutae Mori [T.], 1928:62 [16]] Notes: [Journal of the Chosen Natural History Society No. 6; ref. 15861] Fen-huang-cheng, Korea. Current status: Valid as Acheilognathus yamatsutae Mori, 1928. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Pseudorhodeus Chang et al, in Chang et al., 2014 - bitterlings [=Pseudorhodeus Chang [C.-H.], Chen [W.-J.] & Mayden [R. L.], in Chang, Li, Shao et al., 2014:190] Notes: [ref. 33502]. Masc. Rhodeus tanago Tanaka, 1909. Type by original dedsignation (also monotypic). •Valid as Pseudorhodeus Chang, Chen & Mayden, 2014. Current status: Valid as Pseudorhodeus Chang, Chen & Mayden, 2014. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae.

Species Pseudorhodeus tanago (Tanaka, 1909) - tanago bitterling (author) [=Rhodeus tanago Tanaka [S.], 1909:10, Rhodeus miobuta Tanaka [S.], 1909:12] Notes: [Journal of the College of Science. Imperial University, Tokyo v. 27 (art. 8); ref. 4322] Pond in Botanical Garden of Imperial University, Tokyo, Japan. Current status: Valid as Pseudorhodeus tanago (Tanaka, 1909). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Japan. Habitat: freshwater. (miobuta) [Journal of the College of Science. Imperial University, Tokyo v. 27 (art. 8); ref. 4322] Obama, Kadsusa Province, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Tanakia tanago (Tanaka, 1909). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Rhodeus Agassiz, 1832 - bitterlings [=Rhodeus Agassiz [L.], 1832:134, Pseudoperilampus Bleeker [P.], 1863:214]

Notes: [ref. 5111]. Masc. Cyprinus amarus Bloch, 1782. Type by monotypy. Also in Agassiz 1835:37 [ref. 22]. Cyprinus amarus and two fossil species were mentioned in Agassiz 1832, but the fossil species were as name only; type is amarus by monotypy (only one available species included). •Valid as Rhodeus Agassiz, 1832 -- (Wu 1964:200 [ref. 13503], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:55 [ref. 6441], Arai & Akai 1988:209 [ref. 6999], Chen & Li in Chu & Chen 1989:124 [ref. 13584], Kottelat 1989:11 [ref. 13605], Ye in Pan et al. 1991:124 [ref. 23876], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:32 [ref. 22798], Doi 1997:24 [ref. 22832], Lin in Chen et al. 1998:444 [ref. 23878], Holcík 1999:1 [ref. 24847], Hänfling & Brandl 2000:267 [ref. 25144], Arai et al. 2001:275 [ref. 25545], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:43 [ref. 28183], Chen et al. 2005:90 [ref. 28516], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:82 [ref. 29996], Yang et al. 2010:333 [ref. 30786], Li & Arai 2010:303 [ref. 31188], Kottelat 2013:157 [ref. 32989], Li & Arai 2014:165 [ref. 33267]). Current status: Valid as Rhodeus Agassiz, 1832. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. (Pseudoperilampus) [ref. 397]. Masc. Pseudoperilampus typus Bleeker, 1863. Type by original designation (also monotypic and by use of typus). Also in Bleeker 1863:264 [ref. 403] and 1863:33 [ref. 4859], earliest not established for genus or for species. •Valid as Pseudoperilampus Bleeker, 1863 -- (Wu 1964:204 [ref. 13503], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:55 [ref. 6441], Ye in Pan et al. 1991:128 [ref. 23876], Bănărescu 1997:26 [ref. 23274], Zhu 1995:47 [ref. 25213]). •Synonym of Acheilognathus Bleeker, 1860 -- (Arai & Akai 1988:205 [ref. 6999], Kottelat 2013:69 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Rhodeus Agassiz, 1832 -- (Chen & Li in Chu & Chen 1989:124 [ref. 13584], Lin in Chen et al. 1998:444 [ref. 23878]). Current status: Synonym of Rhodeus Agassiz, 1832. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae.

Species Rhodeus albomarginatus Li & Aria, 2014 - Lvjiang bitterling (author) [=Rhodeus albomarginatus Li [F.] & Arai [R.], 2014:167, Figs. 1-8] Notes: [Zootaxa 3790 (no. 1); ref. 33267] Lvjiang River, Yangtze River system, Xuling Town, Qimen County, Anhui Province, China. Current status: Valid as Rhodeus albomarginatus Li & Arai, 2014. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Lvjiang River, Yangtze River basin, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782) - European bitterling [=Cyprinus amarus Bloch [M. E.], 1782:52, Pl. 8 (fig. 3), Rhodeus genitalis Walecki [A.], 1863:364, Rhodeus lucinae Walecki [A.], 1863:364]

Notes: [M. Marcus Elieser Bloch's ..., ausübenden Arztes zu Berlin, Oeconomische Naturgeschichte der Fische Deutschlands v. 1; ref. 19643] Müggelsee (lake) near Köpenick, Berlin, Germany. Current status: Valid as Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Europe. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (genitalis) [Wiadomosci Z Nauk [Science News] v. 4; ref. 22954] Current status: Synonym of Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (lucinae) [Wiadomosci Z Nauk [Science News] v. 4; ref. 22954] Current status: Synonym of Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Rhodeus amurensis (Vronsky, 1967) - Amur bitterling (author) [=Pseudoperilampus lighti amurensis Vronsky [B. B.], 1967:24] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 7; ref. 12489] Lower Amur River drainage, Russia. Current status: Valid as Rhodeus amurensis (Vronsky, 1967). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Eastern Europe. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhodeus atremius (Jordan & Thompson, 1914) - Kyushu bitterling [=Acanthorhodeus atremius Jordan [D. S.] & Thompson [W. F.], 1914:227, Pl. 25 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 4); ref. 2543] Chikugo River at Kurume, Japan. Current status: Valid as Rhodeus atremius (Jordan & Thompson, 1914). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Japan. Habitat: freshwater

Species Rhodeus colchicus Bogutskaya & Komlev, 2001 - Caucasian bitterling [=Rhodeus colchicus Bogutskaya [N. G.] & Komlev [A. M.], 2001:90, Fig. 3] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Institute Academy of Sciences USSR v. 287; ref. 26834] River Notanebi, West Transcaucasia, Georgia. Current status: Valid as Rhodeus colchicus Bogutskaya & Komlev, 2001. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae.

Distribution: West Transcaucasia; Georgia, Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhodeus fangi (Miao, 1934) - Fang's bitterling (author) [=Pararhodeus fangi Miao [C. P.], 1934:180, Fig. 31] Notes: [Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China. (Zoological Series) v. 10 (no. 3); ref. 13903] Chinkiang, China. Current status: Valid as Rhodeus fangi (Miao, 1934). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhodeus haradai Arai et al., 1990 - Harada's bitterling (author) [=Rhodeus haradai Arai [R.], Suzuki [N.] & Shen [S.-C.], 1990:151, Fig. 8] Notes: [Bulletin of the National Science Museum Series A (Zoology) v. 16 (no. 3); ref. 16800] Longtang, Hainan Island, China. Current status: Valid as Rhodeus haradai Arai, Suzuki & Shen, 1990. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhodeus hondae (Jordan & Metz, 1913) - Honda's bitterling (author) [=Pseudoperilampus hondae Jordan [D. S.] & Metz [C. W.], 1913:20, Pl. 2 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 2490] Suigen, Korea. Current status: Valid as Rhodeus hondae (Jordan & Metz, 1913). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhodeus laoensis Kottelat et al., 1998 - Nam Theun bitterling (author) [=Rhodeus laoensis Kottelat [M.], Doi [A.] & Musikasinthorn [P.], in Kottelat, 1998:52, Fig. 81] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 23436] Nam Theun, immediately upriver of confluence with Nam Ong,

17°43'N, 105°16'20"E, Laos. Current status: Valid as Rhodeus laoensis Kottelat, Doi & Musikasinthorn, 1998. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhodeus lighti (Wu, 1931) - Light's bitterling [=Pseudoperilampus lighti Wu [H.-W.], 1931:25, Fig. 4] Notes: [Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China. (Zoological Series) v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 16348] Fukien, China. Current status: Valid as Rhodeus lighti (Wu, 1931). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Former USSR and Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhodeus mantschuricus Mori, 1934 - Manchurian bitterling (author) [=Rhodeus mantschuricus Mori [T.], 1934:57 [1], Fig. 1] Notes: [Journal of the Chosen Natural History Society No. 17; ref. 16439] Koga, near Kitsurin, upper Sungari River, Manchuria. Current status: Valid as Rhodeus mantschuricus Mori, 1934. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Amur River basin. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhodeus meridionalis Karaman, 1924 - Karaman's bitterling (author) [=Rhodeus amarus var. meridionalis Karaman [S.], 1924:41] Notes: [Pisces Macedoniae; ref. 15902] Vardar River at Skoplje [Skopje] and Lake Dojran, Republic of Macedonia. Current status: Valid as Rhodeus meridionalis Karaman, 1924. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Agean Sea basin. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhodeus monguonensis (Li, 1989) - Er-dao bitterling (author)

[=Pseudoperilampus monguonensis Li [G.-L.], 1989:3, Fig. 1] Notes: [Tianjin Natural History Museum Thesis Coll. v. 6; ref. 25327] Er-dao He-tze, Ku-lun Qi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Current status: Valid as Rhodeus monguonensis (Li, 1989). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhodeus notatus Nichols, 1929 - Tsinan rosy bitterling [=Rhodeus notatus Nichols [J. T.], 1929:6, Fig. 4] Notes: [American Museum Novitates No. 377; ref. 15912] Tsinan, Shantung Province, China. Current status: Valid as Rhodeus notatus Nichols, 1929. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhodeus ocellatus (Kner, 1866) - rosy bitterling [=Pseudoperilampus ocellatus Kner [R.], 1866:548 [6], Rhodeus hwanghoensis Mori [T.], 1928:68, Rhodeus kurumeus Jordan [D. S.] & Thompson [W. F.], 1914:229, Pl. 26 (fig. 2), Rhodeus maculatus Fowler [H. W.], 1910:476, Fig. 1, Rhodeus pingi Miao [C.- P.], 1934:176, Fig. 30, Rhodeus wangkinfui Wu [H.-W.], 1930:77, Fig. 5] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 53; ref. 2636] Shanghai, China. Current status: Valid as Rhodeus ocellatus (Kner, 1866). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: East Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (hwanghoensis) [Japanese Journal of Zoology v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 15862] Tsi-nan, Shantung, northern China. Current status: Synonym of Rhodeus ocellatus (Kner, 1866) Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater. (kurumeus) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 4); ref. 2543] Chikugo River at Kurume, Kiusiu, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Rhodeus ocellatus (Kner, 1866). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

(maculatus) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 62; ref. 1380] Pei-Ho River, Tien-Tsin, China. Current status: Synonym of Rhodeus ocellatus (Kner, 1866). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. (pingi) [Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China. (Zoological Series) v. 10 (no. 3); ref. 13903] Chinkiang, China. Current status: Synonym of Rhodeus ocellatus (Kner, 1866). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater. (wangkinfui) [Sinensia v. 1 (no. 6); ref. 16240] Luchow, Chang Jiang [Yangtze River] valley, Szechwan, China. Current status: Synonym of Rhodeus ocellatus (Kner, 1866). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhodeus pseudosericeus Arai et al., 2001 - Gumgye bitterling (author) [=Rhodeus pseudosericeus Arai [R.], Jeon [S.-R.] & Ueda [T.], 2001:276, Figs. 1-6] Notes: [Ichthyological Research v. 48 (no. 3); ref. 25545] Gumgye River, tributary Of Som River, Namhan River system, Hakdam-ri, Gonggun-myon, Hoengsong-gun, Gangwon-do, South Korea. Current status: Valid as Rhodeus pseudosericeus Arai, Jeon & Ueda, 2001. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhodeus rheinardti (Tirant, 1883) - Rheinardt's bitterling (author) [=Danio rheinardti Tirant [G.], 1883:[27]] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société des Études Indo-chinoises. Saigon. 1883; ref. 17920] Hué, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Rhodeus rheinardti (Tirant, 1883). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhodeus sciosemus (Jordan & Thompson, 1914) - Chikugo bitterling (author) [=Acanthorhodeus sciosemus Jordan [D. S.] & Thompson [W. F.], 1914:228, Pl. 26 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 4); ref. 2543] Chikugo River, Kurume, Japan. Current status: Valid as Rhodeus sciosemus (Jordan & Thompson, 1914). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhodeus sericeus (Pallas, 1776) - bitterling, Amur bitterling [=Cyprinus sericeus Pallas [P. S.], 1776:208, 704, Rhodeus sericeus amarus natio danubicus Holcík [J.], 1959:50, Rhodeus sericeus sericeus forma strumicae Karaman [S. L.], 1955:183, Fig. 2, Rhodeus sericeus amarus natio svetovidovi Holcík [J.], 1959:50] Notes: [Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des russischen Reiches; ref. 18509] Onon River, Dauriya, Russia. Current status: Valid as Rhodeus sericeus (Pallas, 1776). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Eurasia; introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater. (danubicus) [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 13; ref. 23006] Not available, infrasubspecific; from Danube R. basin, Slovakia. Current status: Synonym of Rhodeus sericeus (Pallas, 1776). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. (strumicae) [Acta Musei Macedonici Scientiarum Naturalium v. 3 (no. 7); ref. 12279] Current status: Synonym of Rhodeus sericeus (Pallas, 1776). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. (svetovidovi) [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 13; ref. 23006] Not available, infrasubspecific; from Dnieper and Bug rivers, Ukraine. Current status: Synonym of Rhodeus sericeus (Pallas, 1776). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae.

Species Rhodeus shitaiensis Li & Arai, 2011 - Shitai bitterling (author) [=Rhodeus shitaiensis Li [F.] & Arai [R.], 2011:305, Figs 1-5, 6a-b, 7] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 21 (no. 4) [Dec. 2010]; ref. 31188] Qiupu River, Chang Jiang [Yangtze River] system, 30°11'N, 117°30'E, Shitai county, Anhui Province, China. Current status: Valid as Rhodeus shitaiensis Li & Arai, 2011. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Qiupu River, Anhui Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhodeus sinensis Günther, 1868 - Chinese bitterling [=Rhodeus sinensis Günther [A.], 1868:280] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] China. Current status: Valid as Rhodeus sinensis Günther, 1868. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae.

Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Rhodeus smithii (Regan, 1908) - Nippon baratanago [=Achilognathus smithii Regan [C. T.], 1908:150] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 1 (no. 2); ref. 14338] Nodogawa River, Kyoto, Japan. Current status: Valid as Rhodeus smithii (Regan, 1908). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhodeus spinalis Oshima, 1926 - Ding'an bitterling (author) [=Rhodeus spinalis Oshima [M.], 1926:16, Pseudoperilampus hainanensis Nichols [J. T.] & Pope [C. H.], 1927:379, Fig. 42, Rhodeus ocellatus vietnamensis Mai [D. Y.], 1978:179] Notes: [Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 3314] Ding'an, Hainan Island, China. Current status: Valid as Rhodeus spinalis Oshima, 1926. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (hainanensis) [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 54 (art. 2); ref. 5747] Nodoa, Hainan Island, China. Current status: Synonym of Rhodeus spinalis Oshima, 1926. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater. (vietnamensis) [Identification of the fresh-water fishes of North Viet Nam v. 1; ref. 13511] Northern Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Rhodeus spinalis Oshima, 1926. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhodeus suigensis (Mori, 1935) - Suigen Zenitanago [=Pseudoperilampus suigensis Mori [T.], 1935:563, 573, Fig. 2] Notes: [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 47; ref. 13904] Chosen, Korea. Current status: Valid as Rhodeus suigensis (Mori, 1935). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhodeus uyekii (Mori, 1935) - Korean rose bitterling [=Pseudoperilampus uyekii Mori [T.], 1935:562, 573, Fig. 1] Notes: [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 47; ref. 13904] Chosen, China. Current status: Valid as Rhodeus uyekii (Mori, 1935). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Tanakia Jordan & Thompson, 1914 - bitterlings [=Tanakia Jordan [D. S.] & Thompson [W. F.], 1914:231, Paratanakia Chang [C.-H.], Chen [W.-J.] & Mayden [R. L.], in Chang, Li, Shao et al., 2014:191] Notes: [ref. 2543]. Fem. Rhodeus oryzae Jordan & Seale, 1906. Type by original designation. •Valid as Tanakia Jordan & Thompson, 1914 -- (Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:55 [ref. 6441], Arai & Akai 1988:204 [ref. 6999], Arai et al. 1995 [ref. 22109], Yang et al. 2010:333 [ref. 30786], Chang et al. 2009:824 [ref. 31127], Li & Arai 2010:303 [ref. 31188], Yang et al. 2011:158 [ref. 31154], Li & Arai 2014:165 [ref. 33267]). Current status: Valid as Tanakia Jordan & Thompson, 1914. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. (Paratanakia) [ref. 33502]. Achilognathus himantegus Günther, 1868 Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Paratanakia Chang, Chen & Mayden, 2014. •Synonym of Tanakia Jordan & Thompson, 1914. Current status: Synonym of Tanakia Jordan & Thompson, 1914. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae.

Species Tanakia chii (Miao, 1934) - Lanchie bitterling (author) [=Acheilognathus chii Miao [C.-P.], 1934:182, Fig. 33] Notes: [Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China. (Zoological Series) v. 10 (no. 3); ref. 13903] Lanchie, Upper Tsien Tang River, Chinkiang, Jiangsu Province, China. Current status: Valid as Tanakia chii (Miao, 1934). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Taiwan and China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Tanakia himantegus (Gunther, 1868) - Taiwan tanakia (author) [=Achilognathus himantegus Günther [A.], 1868:277] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Taiwan. Current status: Valid as Tanakia himantegus (Günther, 1868). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Taiwan and China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Tanakia koreensis (Kim & Kim, 1990) - Korean oily bitterling (author) [=Acheilognathus koreensis Kim [I.-S.] & Kim [C. H.], 1990:47, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Korean Journal of Ichthyology v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 20304] Chon-chon stream, tributary of the Kum River at Chonchon-myon, Changsu-gun, Chollabuk-do, Korea. Current status: Valid as Tanakia koreensis (Kim & Kim, 1990). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: South Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Tanakia lanceolata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) - lanceolata bitterling (author) [=Capoeta lanceolata Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.], 1846:202, Pl. 100 (figs. 3, 3a-b)] Notes: [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Streams about Nagasaki, Japan. Current status: Valid as Tanakia lanceolata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Japan and Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Tanakia latimarginata Kim et al., 2014 - Dakdong bitterling (author) [=Tanakia latimarginata Kim [D.], Jeon [H.-B.] & Suk [H. Y.], 2014:63, Figs. 3-5 (a, c, e)] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 25 (no. 1); ref. 33508] Gyeongsangbuk Province, Yeongcheon County, Jogyo-dong, Keumho River, 35°57'55"N, 128°57'32"E, South Korea. Current status: Valid as Tanakia latimarginata Kim, Jean & Suk, 2014. Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae.

Distribution: Dakdong River drainage, South Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Tanakia limbata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) - oily bitterling [=Capoeta limbata Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.], 1846:203, Pl. 100 (figs. 5, 5a-b), Rhodeus oryzae Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.], 1906:144, Fig. 2] Notes: [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Near Nagasaki, Japan. Current status: Valid as Tanakia limbata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Japan. Habitat: freshwater. (oryzae) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 30 (no. 1445); ref. 2496] Kawatana, northwest of Nagasaki, Kiusiu Island, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Tanakia limbata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Tanakia shimazui (Tanaka, 1908) - Tokiwa bitterling (author) [=Acheilognathus shimazui Tanaka [S.], 1908:234, Fig. 1] Notes: [Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses v. 7; ref. 14422] Tokiwa, Lake Biwa, Japan. Current status: Valid as Tanakia shimazui (Tanaka, 1908). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Tanakia signifer (Berg, 1907) - Pungtung bitterling (author) [=Acheilognathus signifer Berg [L. S.], 1907:159] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 19 (no. 110) (art. 18); ref. 269] Pungtung, Korea. Current status: Valid as Tanakia signifer (Berg, 1907). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Tanakia somjinensis (Kim & Kim, 1991) - Owon bitterling (author) [=Acheilognathus somjinensis Kim [I.-S.] & Kim [C. H.], 1991:189, Fig. 1] Notes: [Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 20050] Owon strait, off the Somjin River, at Sinpyong-myon, Imsil-gun, Chollabuk-do, South Korea. Current status: Valid as Tanakia somjinensis (Kim & Kim, 1991). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Distribution: South Korea. Habitat: freshwater************************************************************************************Unavailable names, uncertain taxa

Acanthorhodeus kristinae Holcík [J.] 1971:270, Figs. 1-2 [Věstnik Československé společnosti zoologické v. 35 (no. 4); ref. 7682] Szechuan Province, China.Holotype: USNM 87600. Paratypes: USNM 206045 (1). Genus appeared as Acenthorhodeus in title. •In genus Acheilognathus -- (Arai & Akai 1988:208 [ref. 6999]). •Questionably a synonym of Rhodeus fangi (Miao 1934) -- (Lin in Chen et al. 1998:451 [ref. 23878]). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Paracheilognathus pseudorhombea Mori [T.] 1935:565, 574, Fig. 3 [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 47; ref. 13904] Rakuto River, Chosen, Korea. Syntypes: a primary specimen plus others. In English on p. 574. •In genus Acheilognathus -- (Arai & Akai 1988:208 [ref. 6999]). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Acanthorhodeus kristinae Holcík [J.] 1971:270, Figs. 1-2 [Věstnik Československé společnosti zoologické v. 35 (no. 4); ref. 7682] Szechuan Province, China.Holotype: USNM 87600. Paratypes: USNM 206045 (1). Genus appeared as Acenthorhodeus in title. •In genus Acheilognathus -- (Arai & Akai 1988:208 [ref. 6999]). •Questionably a synonym of Rhodeus fangi (Miao 1934) -- (Lin in Chen et al. 1998:451 [ref. 23878]). Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae. Habitat: freshwater.