Family 262. GESNERIACEAELiterature:Burtt, BL. 1962. Studies in the Gesneriaceae of the Old World XXIV. Tentative keys to the tribes and genera. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 24: 205-220.Gillet, GW. 1975. Kew Bull. 30: 371-412.

Aeschynanthus Jack Literature:Burtt, BL & PJB Woods. 1975. Studies in the Gesneriaceae of the Old World XXXIX. Towards a revision of Aeschynanthus. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33: 471-489. Aeschynanthus arctocalyx Mendum & Madulid, Edinburgh J. Bot. 52 (1995) 343.PALAWAN. Aeschynanthus asclepioides (Elmer) BL Burtt & P Woods, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh

33 (1975) 480; --Trichosporum asclepioides Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 952; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 449. –Type: Elmer 10492

?Trichosporum brachysepalum Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 81; EPFP 3 (1923) 449.Aeschynanthus stenocalyx Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 166. –Type: Trichosporum dolichosepalum Merr,, nom. nud. pro syn. EPFP 3 (1923) 449.LUZON: Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, MINDORO, PANAY, LEYTE, BASILAN, MINDANAO: Davao, Agusan del Norte.Damp primary forests, low altitudes to 1200m. Aeschynanthus batakiorum Mendum & Madulid, Edinburgh J. Bot. 56 (1999) 269.PALAWAN Aeschynanthus breviflorus (S Moore) K Schum., Just. Bot. Jahresb. 271 (1901) 534; --

Trichosporum breviflorum Moore, J. Bot. 37 (1899) 173; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 449. –Type: Trichosporum mindorense Merrill, PJS 10 c (1915) 83.MINDORO, PANAY, LEYTE. Mossy forests, 1000-1500m. Aeschynanthus cardinalis (Copel. ex Merr.) Schltr. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 58 (1923) 264;

--Trichosporum cardinale Copel. ex Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 17 (1904) 46; EPFP 3 (1923) 450. –Type:

BABUYAN ISLS, LUZON: Albay, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Lanao, Davao, Agusan, Surigao. Primary forests at medium altitudes, ascending to 1400m. Aeschynanthus copelandii (Merr.) Schltr. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 58 (1923) 264; --Trichosporum

copelandii Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 227; EPFP 3 (1923) 450. –Type: CAMIGUIN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Boulders and tree trunks in low altitude primary forests. Aeschynanthus crassifolius (Elmer) Schltr. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 58 (1923) 264; --Trichosporum

crassifolium Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 343; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 450. –Type: Trichosporum foxworthyi (Kraenzl.) Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 84.Aeschynanthus foxworthyi Kraenzl., PJS Bot. 8(3) : 163 . (1913)Aeschynanthus glomeriflorus Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 312. ("glomeriflora")Aeschynanthus polillensis Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 314.LUZON: Cagayan, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, POLILLO, NEGROS (?). Low and

medium altitude primary forests. Aeschynanthus cuernosensis (Elmer) Schltr. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 58 (1923) 264; --

Trichosporum cuernosense Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 566; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 450. –Type: Elmer 9522

NEGROS: Negros Oriental (Cuernos Mtns). Ravines, c. 800m. Aeschynanthus curvicalyx Mendum, Edinburgh J. Bot. 58 (2001) 435, Fig. 1a-e. –Type: Mendum,

Argent, Cronk, Middleton, Wilkie, Fuentes & Chavez 25434 (holo in PNH, iso in E). Grown from seeds cultivated at Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, accession no. 19981826. Palawan: on path from Camp 3 towards Cleopatra’s Needle, just above bamboo thicket, epiphyte closely appressed to tree trunk, altitude 1500m, 22 Jan. 1998.

PALAWAN: Cleopatra’s Needle. Known only from the type collection. Aeschynanthus elmeri Mendum, Edinburgh J. Bot. 58 (2001) 439; --Trichosporum grandiflorum

Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2667, non D Don (1822); --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 451. –Type: Elmer 14154MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Mt Urdaneta). Exposed peaks, c. 1500m. Aeschynanthus everettianus Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 311. –Type: FB 5585 EverettTrichosporum everettianum (Kraenzl.) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 450.NEGROS, PANAY. Forests along streams at low altitudes. Aeschynanthus firmus Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 311. –Type: MS Clemens sn.Trichosporum firmum (Kraenzl.) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 450.MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur (Camp Keithley). Forests at or above 500m. Aeschynanthus irigaensis (Merr.) BL Burtt & PJB Woods, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh

33 (1975) 486; --Trichosporum irigaense Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 84; EPFP 3 (1923) 451. –Type:

Trichosporum bulusanense Elmer ex Merr., nom nud. pro syn., EPFP 3 (1923) 451.LUZON: Camarines Sur (Mt Iriga), Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan), CATANDUANES, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Mt Urdaneta). Forested ridges and peaks, 1000m or higher. Aeschynanthus leucothamnos Kränzl., LPB 8 c (1913) Bot. 165; --Trichosporum leucothamnos

(Kraenzl.) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 451. –Type: Trichosporum clementis Merr. ex Elmer, nom. nud. LPB 2 (1908) 567. LEYTE, SAMAR, MINDANAO: Misamis, Lanao del Sur. Low to medium altitude primary forests. Aeschynanthus littoralis Schltr. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 58 (1923) 264; --Trichosporum littorale Merr.,

LPB 1 (1906) Suppl. 226; EPFP 3 (1923) 451. –Type: Copeland 647MINDANAO: Davao. On trees overhanging the seashore. Aeschynanthus loheri Kränzl., LPB 8 c (1913) Bot. 165; --Trichosporum loheri (Kraenzl.) Merr., PJS

10 c (1915) Bot. 341; EPFP 3 (1923) 451. –Type: ?Trichosporum bakeri Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 340; EPFP 3 (1923) 449.LUZON: Nueva Vizcaya, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon. Camarines, SAMAR. Epiphyte in primary forests at medium altitude. Aeschynanthus (no transfer or synonymy found)Trichosporum macgregorii Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 81; EPFP 3 (1923) 451.LUZON: Nueva Vizcaya. Probably from forests at or above 800m.

Aeschynanthus madulidii Mendum, Edinburgh J. Bot. 58 (2001) 436, Fig. 1f-i. –Type: Mendum, Argent, Cronk, Middleton, Wilkie, Fuentes & Chavez 25512 (PNH, holo; iso E). Specimen cultivated at Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, accession no. 19980282. Palawan: Thumb Peak, on path from base camp to peak, altitude 850m,

PALAWAN: Puerto Princesa, Thumb Peak. Known only from the type collection. Aeschynanthus (no transfer or synonymy found)Trichosporum malindangense Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 440; EPFP 3 (1923) 451. –Type: FB 4660 Mearns & Hutchinson MINDANAO: Misamis Occidental (Mt Malindang). Primary forests, c. 900m. Aeschynanthus (no transfer or synonymy found)Trichosporum mindanaense Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 440; EPFP 3 (1923) 451.MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Mossy forest, altitude 1100-1800m. Aeschynanthus miniaceus BL Burtt & PJB Woods, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33 (1975)

486; --Trichosporum miniatum Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2668; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 451, non (Lindl.) Kuntze. –Type: Elmer 13529

MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Mt Hilong-hilong). Forested ridges, c. 900m. According to Merrill (1923) very closely related to T. crassifolium (=Aeschynanthus crassifolius). Aeschynanthus nervosus Schltr. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 58 (1923) 264; --Trichosporum nervosum

LPB 1 (1908) 344; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 452. –Type: LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet. Damp shaded ravines and in the mossy forest, 1400-2400m. Aeschynanthus ovatus Schltr. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 58 (1923) 264; --Trichosporum ovatum Merr.,

PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 226; EPFP 3 (1923) 452. –Type: Clemens 316 MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur (Camp Keithley), Forests, c. 600m. Aeschynanthus (no transfer or synonymy found)Trichosporum panayense Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 316; EPFP 3 (1923) 452. –Type: BS 35720 Martelino &

Edaño. PANAY: Aklan (Mt Bulilao, Mt Salibongbong and Libacao). Forests along streams, ascending to 600m. Aeschynanthus pergracilis Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 313. –Type: Merrill 7047.Trichosporum pergracile (Kraenzl.) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 452.NEGROS: Negros Occidental (Canlaon Volcano). Primary forests, c. 1200m. Aeschynanthus philippinensis (Kuntze) CB Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1883) 39;

--Trichosporum philippinense Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. (1791) 478; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 452. –Type:

LUZON: Ifugao, Mountain Province, Benguet, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon. Mossy forests, 1000-2200m. Aeschynanthus (no transfer or synonymy found)Trichosporum rizalense Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 82; EPFP 3 (1923) 452. –Type: BS 13775 RamosLUZON: Rizal. Mossy forests at or above 1000m. Aeschynanthus truncatus Schltr. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 58 (1923) 264; --Trichosporum truncatum

Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 567; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 452. –Type: Elmer 9426NEGROS: Negros Oriental prov. (Cuernos Mtns). Forested ravines, c. 800m.

Aeschynanthus (no transfer or synonymy found)Trichosporum urdanetense Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2670.Bibliographic Notes: See also T. sorsogonense. =Aeschynanthus sp. (no transfer or synonymy found)Trichosporum sorsogonense Elmer, nom. nud. pro syn., LPB 10 (1939) 3810.Bibliographic Notes: =Aeschynanthus sp. (no transfer or synonymy found)As T urdanetense: MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte. Primary forests, altitude c. 1200m. Close to T. copelandii. As T sorsogonense: LUZON: Sorsogon Aeschynanthus zamboangensis Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 313; --Trichosporum

zamboangense (Kraenzl.) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 452. –Type: MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Forests, c. 200m. According to Merrill(1923), closely allied to Trichosporum crassifolium Elmer (=Aeschynanthus crassifolius).

Agalmyla BlumeRevision:Hilliard, OM & BL Burtt. 2002. The genus Agalmyla (Gesneriaceae-Cyrtandroideae). Edinburgh J.

Bot. 59 (1): 1-210. Agalmyla biflora (Elmer) Hilliard & BL Burtt, Edinburgh J. Bot. 59 (2002) 53, Fig. 10: 15a, b; -- Dichrotrichum biflorum Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1785; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 453, descr. emend.,

--Type: Elmer 13210 (not seen by Hilliard & Burtt). Palawan: Puerto Princesa (Mt Pulgar), 3750ft, May 1911. Neotype: Mendum et al. 25435 (E). Palawan, near summit Cleopatra’s Needle, 1550m, 10°07’N, 118°58’E, 22 Jan. 1998.

Dichrotrichum pauciflorum Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 80. --Type: Merrill 9497 (US*, iso). Palawan: Malampaya Bay, Mt Capoas, c. 950m, 21 Apr 1913.PALAWAN: Mt Capoas; Tagimburg (possibly a misspelt locality); Thumb Peak; Mt Mantalingahan, 1000-1725m. Palawan. Tagimburg: Sandermann Olsen 1052 (C), 1000–1200m, 11 ix 1961, Thumb peak: Mendum et al. 25517 (E), on path towards summit of 29 i 1998.Mt Mantalingahan: Edano PNH 53 (A), altitude 5660ft, 13 v 1947; Edano PNH 285 (A), altitude 5600ft, 13 v 1947, Agalmyla bilirana Hilliard & BL Burtt, Edinburgh J. Bot. 59 (2002) 122, Fig. 18: 54a, b. --Type: PNH 21614 Sulit (L*, holo). Biliran: Mt Suiro, 5 May 1954.BILIRAN: Mt Suiro (N slope) and Naval, Libtong, 880-1030m. Possible variants in LEYTE, 4 colls. Agalmyla calelanensis (Elmer) Hilliard & Burtt, Edinburgh J. Bot. 59 (2002) 119, Fig. 18: 52a, b;

--Dichrotrichum calelanense Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 955; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 453. --Type: Elmer 11347 (E, holo; iso GH*, K, L, NY*). Mindanao: Davao, Mt. Apo, Lake Linao. Aug. 1909, fl.

MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo), N Cotabato (Kidapawan municip., Ilomavis, Mt Apo above Marber Hot Springs). In mossy forest, 1800–2600m. Agalmyla chorisepala (CB Clarke) Hilliard & Burtt, Edinburgh J. Bot. 59 (2002) 116, Fig. 1 & 18:

51a, b; --Dichrotrichum chorisepalum CB Clarke, in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1883) 53; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 453. --Type: Cuming 938 (K, lecto, designated by Hillard; Isolecto L*). Luzon: Albay prov.

Dichrotrichum minus Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 314, non K Schum. & Lauterb. (1906).LUZON: Laguna (Mt Makiling), Quezon (Lucban), Camarines Sur (Mt Isarog), Albay (Mt Malinao), Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan); Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental (San Teodoro, Sibuang River; Mt Halcon; Mt Ilong); NEGROS: Negros Occidental (Mt Canlaon; Mt Malbug), Negros Oriental prov. (Cuernos de Negros area); Matangwa River; PANAY: Aklan (Mt Macosolon =Magosolon); MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Epiphytic on tree trunks in forest,

550-1400m. Agalmyla clarkei (Elmer) BL Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28 (1968) 224; --Hilliard & Burtt, Edinburgh J. Bot. 59 (2002) 105, Fig. 17: 43a, b; --Tetradema clarkei (Elmer) Merr., EPFP 3

(1923) 453; --Dichrotrichum clarkei Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 345. –Type: Elmer 7499 (NY*, US*, iso). Luzon: Quezon prov., Lucban, epiphytic herb in woods, altitude 1000m, May 1906.

Dichrotrichum praelongum Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 170. --Type: Merrill 7518 (US*, iso). Luzon: Laguna prov., Mt Banahaw, Feb. 1911.

Tetradema praelongum (Kraenzl.) Schltr., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7 (1920) 18.Dichrotrichum crassicaule Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) 169.LUZON, MINDORO, PANAY(?), BILIRAN, LEYTE, MINDANAO. Agalmyla glabra (Merr.) Hilliard & BL Burtt, Edinburgh J. Bot. 59 (2002) 123, Fig. 18: 55a, b; --

Dichrotrichum glabrum Copel. ex Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 17 (1904) 46; EPFP 3 (1923) 453. --Type: Copeland 998 (K, lectotype). Mindanao: Davao prov., Mt Apo, Apr. 1904.

Dichrotrichum coriaceum Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 439; EPFP 3 (1923) 453. --Type: BS 38924 Ramos & Edaño (A*, K, US*, iso). Mindanao: Bukidnon prov., Mt Candoon, mossy forest, c. 1600m, 3.July 1920.MINDANAO: Bukidnon (Mt Kitanglad; Mt Candoon); Davao (Mt Apo; Mt McKinley), South Cotabato (Lake Parker). Montane forests, 1160-2000m. Some specimens from CAMIGUIN, BS 14483 Ramos, and Mt Matutum, viz. PPI 5190 Gaerlan et al. & PPI 5293 (PNH) and BS 85095 Ramos & Edaño (A) are probably referable to this species. Agalmyla montis-tomasii Hilliard & BL Burtt, Edinburgh J. Bot. 59 (2002) 111. --Type: Sands 3149 (K, holo; iso A*, L). Luzon: Benguet prov., Mt Sto Tomas, 16º20’N, 120º32’E, in ‘stunted ridge

forest with Ericaceae and ?oak spp.’, altitude 1800m, 18 Feb. 1976, fl.,LUZON: Benguet (Mt Sto Tomas). Stunted ridge forest, 1800m. Known only from the type collection. Agalmyla parvilimba Hilliard & Burtt, Edinburgh J. Bot. 59 (2002) 115, Fig. 18: 50a, b. --Type: Mendum et al. 99202 (E, holo). Leyte: near Dagami, Mt Lobi, 11º02’N, 124º48’E, submontane

forest, 800m, 7Nov 1999, fl.LEYTE: Mt Lobi, submontane forest, 800m. Only known from the type collection. Agalmyla persimilis Hilliard & BL Burtt, Edinburgh J. Bot. 59 (2002) 120, Fig. 18: 53a, b. --Type:

PNH 10767 Mendoza & Convocar (A*, holo), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Mt Hilong-hilong, steep slope in mossy forest, 1166 m.

MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Mt Hilong-hilong; Mt Urdaneta), Diuata Mtns. Agalmyla rotundiloba Hilliard & BL Burtt, Edinburgh J. Bot. 59 (2002) 125. --Type: PNH 11551

Edaño (A*, holo; iso in L*), Mindanao: Davao Oriental prov., Mt Kampalili, summit, 750m.MINDANAO: Davao Oriental (Mt Kampalili). Summit, 750m. Thus far known only from three collections from the type locality. Agalmyla rubra (Merr.) BL Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28 (1968) 224; --Hilliard & Burtt,

Edinburgh J. Bot. 59 (2002) 108, Fig. 17: 45a, b; --Tetradema rubrum (Merr.) Schltr., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 7 (1920) 17; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 454; --Trichosporum rubrum Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 227. –Type: Merrill 4581 (NY*, US*, iso). Luzon: Mountain Province, Mt Data, Nov 1905.

Distribution Agalmyla samarica Hilliard & BL Burtt, Blumea 44 (1999) 388; Edinburgh J. Bot. 59 (2002) 112,

Fig. 17: 48a, b. --Type: PNH 117472 Gutierrez et al. (K, holo; iso L). Samar: Eastern Samar prov., Wright municip., near summit of Mt Apoy, 11º24’N, 125º25’E, May 1969.

SAMAR: Eastern Samar (Mt Apoy), Mt Calbiga. In forest, 180-300m. Agalmyla sibuyanensis Hilliard & BL Burtt, Edinburgh J. Bot. 59 (2002) 110, Fig. 17: 46a, b. –

Type: Argent & Reynoso 8986 (holo, E). Sibuyan: Camp 3 above Magdiwang on ridge leading to Mayo’s Peak, on steep slope in submontane forest, 1300m, 24 Aug 1989, fl.

SIBUYAN. Submontane forest, altitude 1300m. Known only from the type collection. Agalmyla urdanetensis (Elmer) Hilliard & Burtt, Edinburgh J. Bot. 59 (2002) 113, Fig. 17: 49a, b;

--Tetradema urdanetense (Elmer) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 454; --Dichrotrichum urdanetense Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2667. --Type: Elmer 13710 (not seen by Hilliard & Burtt), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Cabadbaran (Mt Urdaneta), Sept 1912.

MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Mt Hilong-hilong), Surigao del Norte (Mt Kabatuan). In mossy forest, 700-1800m.

Boea Commerson ex Lam.Literature:Burtt, B.L. 1984b. Studies in the Gesneriaceae of the Old World XLVII. Revised generic concepts for Boea and its allies. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 401-452. Boea philippensis CB Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1883) 146; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 448

‘philippinensis’; --Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41 (1984) 418.Dorcoceras philippense (CB Clarke) Schltr., ("philippinense") Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 58 (1923) 259.Boea pseudoglandulosa Elmer ex Merr., ‘pseudoglandulosum’ nom. nud. pro syn., EPFP 3 (1923) 448. Bibliographic Notes: also LPB 9: 3120, 10: 3807; based on Elmer 17398 (Luzon) S China, Hainan, Vietnam, Lesser Sunda Isls, Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Benguet, Batangas, Sorsogon (Irosin, Mt Bulusan), MINDORO, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao. Shaded places along small streams and on forested slopes at low and medium altitude.

Cyrtandra Forster Cyrtandra aclada Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 443; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 456. –Type: BS 36616 Ramos & Edaño.MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Low and medium altitude forests. Cyrtandra aeruginosa Quisumb., PJS 41 (1930) 345, t. 16. --Type: BS 47320 Ramos & Edaño

(PNH, holo, possibly lost; iso: UC). Luzon: Isabela prov., Mt Moises, on forested slopes, altitude c. 1200m, 1 Mar 1926.

LUZON: Isabela (Mt Moisés). Forests, altitude c. 1200m. Known only from the type collection. Cyrtandra agusanensis Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2658; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 456. –Type: Elmer 13497.MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Mt Urdaneta), Surigao del Norte. Low altitude forests along streams, ascending to 225m. Cyrtandra alvarezii Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 326; EPFP 3 (1923) 456. –Type: FB 25214 Alvarez. MINDANAO: Lanao. Primary forests, altitude c. 1000m. Cyrtandra antoniana Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 561; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 456. –Type: Elmer 9642NEGROS: Negros Oriental (Cuernos Mtns). Mossy forests, altitude c. 1800m. Cyrtandra apoensis Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 962; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 457. –Type: Elmer 11557 MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). On cliffs along small streams, altitude 1700m and above. Cyrtandra atropurpurea Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 75; EPFP 3 (1923) 457. –Type: BS 19852

McGregor LUZON: Ifugao (Mt Polis). Probably from the mossy forest above an altitude of 2000m. Cyrtandra attenuata Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 558; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 457. –Type: Elmer 9623.Cyrtandra stenophylla Kraenz., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 325.NEGROS, PANAY. On wet cliffs along streams, and in the mossy forests, altitude 750-1200m. Closely allied to C. humilis. Cyrtandra auriculata CB Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1883) 252; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 457. –

Type: Cuming 1328.LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya. Primary forests along small streams. Cyrtandra barnesii Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 444; EPFP 3 (1923) 457. –Type: FB 920 Barnes (US*, iso).

Luzon: Benguet prov., Mt Tonglon (=Mt Sto Tomas), very damp shaded ravines in the mossy forest, altitude c. 2000m, May 1904.

LUZON: Kalinga, Mountain Province, Benguet. Damp shaded ravines, altitude c. 2000m. Cyrtandra bataanensis Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 330; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 457. –Type: BS

20035 Topacio (not seen). Luzon: Bataan prov., in forests, altitude c. 100m.LUZON: Bataan, MINDORO. Low altitude primary forests along streams, c. 100m. Cyrtandra benguetiana Kraenzl., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 37 (1906) 281; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 457.

–Type: Loher 4237 (US*, isosyn). Luzon: ‘Luzon Central’, no further data.LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet, NEGROS. Damp shaded ravines, altitude 900-1700m. Cyrtandra callicarpifolia Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 966; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 457. –Type: Elmer

11497 (MO*, NY*, US*, iso). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, dense woods on a steep ravine along the Cati Creek, altitude 5750ft, Aug 1909.

Cyrtandra miserrima Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 316. –Type: De Vore & Hoover 317 (US*, holo). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo. In forests, May 1903.

LUZON: Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan), MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). Forested banks of streams, altitude c. 1750m. Cyrtandra castanea Merr., PJS 13 (1918) Bot. 326; EPFP 3 (1923) 457. –Type: BS 26606 Ramos &

Edaño (US*, iso). Luzon: Aurora prov., Mt Dingalan (Mt Dalingdingan, according to original protologue), on forested slopes, altitude c. 120m, 25 Aug 1916.

LUZON: Aurora (Mt Dingalan). Low and médium altitude primary forests. Cyrtandra cauliflora Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 315; EPFP 3 (1923) 458. –Type: BS 35342 Martelino

& Edaño (US*, iso). Panay: Aklan prov., Libacao, along streams at low altitude, 3 Jun 1919. PANAY: Aklan (Libacao). Low altitude primary forest along streams. Cyrtandra chiritoides Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 327; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 458. –Type: BS 10257 McGregor (not seen). Polillo. Low altitude forest. POLILLO. Low altitude forest. Known only from the type. Cyrtandra cleopatrae HJ Atkins & Cronk, Edinburgh J. Bot. 58 (2001) 451. --Type: Cronk et al.

25437A (PNH, holo; iso K, L, E). Palawan: Cleopatra’s Needle, 1550m.PALAWAN Cyrtandra constricta Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2660; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 458. –Type: Elmer 14196

(MO*, NA*, NY 2 sheets*, US*, iso), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta (=Mt Hilong-hilong), Cabadbaran, ‘humid forest of a stony soil along the Masay Ridge at 6000 ft’, Oct 1912.

MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Mt Urdaneta =Mt Hilong-hilong). Mossy forest, altitude c. 1800m. Cyrtandra cumingii CB Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1883) 263; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 458. –

Type: BATANES ISLS, LUZON: Benguet, Cagayan, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon (Mt Banahaw), Camarines, MINDORO, PANAY, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Medium altitude primary forests along streams. Especially common on Mt Banahaw. Cyrtandra cyclopum Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 317; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 458. –Type: Banks

sn. NEGROS: Negros Occidental (Mt Canlaon). Primary forests, probably at medium altitudes. Cyrtandra davaoensis Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 968; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 458. –Type: Elmer 10595

(GH*, MO*, NY*, US*, iso). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, trunk epiphyte at dense woods, S of Mt Calelan, altitude c. 4000ft, May 1909.

Cyrtandra scandens Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 319. –Type: Bolster 326 (US*, iso). Surigao del Norte prov., no further locality data, altitude 120m, Apr 1906.

MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao (Mt Apo), Agusan del Norte (Mt Urdaneta), Surigaodel Norte. Low and medium altitude primary forests, ascending to 1200m. Cyrtandra decussata Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 961; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 458. –Type: Elmer 11704

(MO*, NY*, US*, iso). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, densely wooded flats at 4000ft, Sept 1909.

MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, Davao (Mt Apo). Wet mossy forests, altitude c. 1200m. Cyrtandra disparifolia Quisumb., PJS 41 (1930) 347, t. 17. --Type: BS 46751 Ramos & Edaño

(PNH, holo, possibly lost; iso in UC). Luzon: Isabela prov., San Mariano, along forested streams, altitude c. 500m, 15 Mar 1926.

LUZON: Isabela prov., San Mariano. Forested stream, altitude c. 500m. Known only from the type collection. Cyrtandra elatostemoides Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1781; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 458

(‘elatostemmoides’), later corrected in errata by Elmer, –Type: Elmer 13207 (not seen). Palawan: Puerto Princesa, Mt Pulgar (=Thumb Peak), May 1911.

Cyrtandra kraenzlinii Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 76. –Type: Merrill 7294 (NY*, US*, iso). Palawan: Malampaya Bay, Binaloan, in forest at sea level, on damp shaded banks, Sept 1910.

Borneo (Sabah: Mt Kinabalu) and Philippines. PALAWAN (Malampaya Bay; Mt Pulgar). Primary forests from sea level to c. 750m altitude. Cyrtandra ferruginea Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 75; EPFP 3 (1923) 459. –Type: Merrill Phil. Pl.,

1548 (NY*, US*, iso). Luzon: Camarines prov., Mt Cauayan, 9 Dec 1913.LUZON: Camarines, Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan),CATANDUANES. In very damp forests, probably at medium altitudes. Cyrtandra florulenta Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 173; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 459 (as ‘florentula’).

–Type: Vanoverbergh 855 (not seen). Luzon: Mountain Province, Bauco.LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet. In shaded ravines along streams, altitude c. 1300m. Cyrtandra fusconervia Merr., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 389; EPFP 3 (1923) 459. –Type: Wenzel 88 (US*,

iso). Leyte: Leyte prov., Dagami, on forested foothills, altitude c. 60m, 31 Mar 1913.

PANAY, LEYTE (Dagami). Low altitude primary forests, chiefly along small streams. Cyrtandra geantha Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 323; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 459. –Type: MS Clemens sn. (not seen). Mindanao: Lanao del Sur prov., along Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley.MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Lanao del Sur, Bukidnon. Forests, altitude c. 650m. Cyrtandra gitingensis Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 956; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 459. –Type: Elmer 12369

(MO*, NY*, US*, iso). Sibuyan: Mt Giting-giting, Magallanes (=Magdiwang), España side, moist earth banks near densely wooded streamlets, at 1750ft, Apr 1910.

SIBUYAN. Forested banks along streams, altitude c. 525m.Very similar to C. cumingii Clarke, but the leaves sessile or subsessile. Cyrtandra glabrifolia Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 459; --Cyrtandra glabra Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot.

317, non Jack. --Type: Merrill 5770 (US*, iso). Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., Mt Halcon, undershrub in forest, altitude c, 1500m, Nov 1906.

LUZON: Nueva Vizcaya (Palali Range, Bartolome 3068, PUH), MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon), PANAY. Mossy forests, altitude c. 1300-1500m. Cyrtandra glabrilimba Quisumb., PJS 41 (1930) 349, t. 18. --Type: BS 47263 Ramos & Edaño (A*,

iso). Luzon: Isabela prov., Mt Moisés, forested slopes, altitude 1250m, 2 Mar 1926.LUZON: Isabela (Mt Moises). Forested slopes, altitude 1250m. Known from two collections from the type collection. Cyrtandra grandifolia Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2663; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 459. –Type: Elmer 13711

(MO*, NY*, US*, iso). Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta (=Mt Hilong-hilong), Cabadbaran, in very damp, more or less stony soil of steep wooded slopes, altitude 3500 ft between Duros and Cawilanan, Sept 1912.

MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Mt Hilong-hilong). Damp primary forest, altitude c. 1050m. Cyrtandra hirtigera HJ Atkins & Cronk, Edinburgh J. Bot. 58 (2001) 452. --Type: Cronk et al. 25433 (PNH, holo; iso at E, K, L). Palawan: Cleopatra’s Needle.Cyrtandra woodii Merr. [in Atkins & Cronk], Edinburgh J. Bot. 58 : 452 . (2001) nom. nud. pro syn. var. hirtigera PALAWAN: Cleopatra’s Needle; Malampaya Bay, altitude 30-900m. var. chlorina HJ Atkins & Cronk, Edinburgh J. Bot. 58 (2001) 453. --Type: Cronk et al. 25518 (PNH,

holo; iso K, L, E). Palawan: Thumb Peak.PALAWAN: Thumb Peak; Mt Mantalingahan; Pagdanan Range; San Vicente. Cyrtandra humilis Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 345; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 459. –Type: Elmer 8855 (A*, iso). Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, Mar 1907.Cyrtandra arbuscula Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 326. –Type: BS 7428 Ramos (not seen). Luzon: Cagayan

prov., no further data. Cyrtandra pallidifolia Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 172. –Type: BS 13379 Ramos (not seen). Luzon:

Quezon prov., Tagkawayan, no further data.Cyrtandra glaucescens Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 328. –Type: Merrill 6702 (not seen). Panay: Capiz

prov., Dumarao.LUZON: Benguet (Baguio), Cagayan, Laguna, Quezon (Tagkawayan), Camarines, MINDORO, PANAY: Capiz (Dumarao), BILIRAN, SAMAR, DINAGAT, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte. Low and médium altitude primary forests in damp shaded ravines along streams. Cyrtandra hypochrysea Kraenzl., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 37 (1906) 276; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 459.

–Type: Loher 4233 (US*, iso). Luzon: Benguet prov., no further data.LUZON: Kalinga, Mountain Province, Benguet. Damp forested ravines, altitude c. 1400m.

Cyrtandra hypochrysoides Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 319; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 460.

–Syntypes: BS 650 & 687 Foxworthy (LUZON: Zambales, PALAWAN. Mossy forests, altitude 1000-1700m. Cyrtandra hypoleuca Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 171; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 460. –Type: BASILAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Mossy forests, altitude c. 1000m. Cyrtandra ilicifolia Kraenzl., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 37 (1906) 282; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 460. –Type: LUZON: Benguet. Montane thickets in damp ravines, altitude c. 1500m, Cyrtandra ilocana Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 452; EPFP 3 (1923) 460. –Type: LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Mossy forest, altitude c. 1000m. Cyrtandra inaequifolia Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1782; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 460. –Type: PALAWAN. Seepage slopes in forests along streams, altitude c. 225m. Cyrtandra incisa CB Clarke, in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1883) 250; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 460.

–Type: Cyrtandra philippinensis CB Clarke, Monogr. Phan. 5 (1883) 250. LUZON: Pangasinan, Bataan, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Camarines, Sorsogon, MINDORO. Low and medium altitude primary forests, often common. Cyrtandra infantae Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 327; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 460. –Type: LUZON: Quezon (Infanta). Ledges along rivers, low altitude. Cyrtandra lagunae Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 125; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 460. –Type: Cyrtandra maquilingensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 3083.LUZON: Laguna (Mt Makiling), PANAY. Mossy forests, altitude 900-1800m. Cyrtandra lancifolia Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 454; EPFP 3 (1923) 460. –Type: LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Cagayan, Quezon E coast. Along streams in lowland forests. Cyrtandra limnophila Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 323; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 460. –Type: Cyrtandra umbrina Elmer ex Merr., nom. nud. pro syn. LUZON: Pampanga (Mt Abu), Sorsogon, CATANDUANES. Mossy forests, altitude c. 1400m in Pampanga. Cyrtandra livida Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 322; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 461. –Type: BS 781 FoxworthyPALAWAN. In ravines, altitude c. 150m. Cyrtandra lobbii CB Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1883) 282, t. 2; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 461.

–Type: Cyrtandra curranii Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 176.Cyrtandra ramosii Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 177.Cyrtandra wenzelii Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 385.LUZON: Laguna, Quezon, Camarines, Sorsogon, CATANDUANES, NEGROS (?). Primary forests, altitude 300-1000m. Cyrtandra loheri Quisumb., PJS 41 (1930) 351, t. 19. --Type: Loher 12939 (PNH, holo, possibly lost;

iso possibly at UC). Luzon: Rizal prov., Montalban, Mt PaningtinganLUZON: Rizal (Montalban, Mt Paningtingan). Known from two collections both by Loher

from approximately the same locality. Cyrtandra longipes Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 329; EPFP 3 (1923) 461. –Type: BS 30353 RamosCATANDUANES. Low altitude primary forest. Cyrtandra macrodiscus Kraenzl., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 37 (1906) 279; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 461.Cyrtandra grossedentata Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 346.LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet, Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, Laguna. Thickets, damp ravines, and forests, altitude 800-1500m. Closely allied to C incisa. Cyrtandra macgregorii Kraenzl., LPB 8 (1913) 328; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 461. –Type: BS 10576 RC McGregorLUZON: Cagayan east coast. Lowland forests. Cyrtandra maesifolia Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 556; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 461.Cyrtandra talonensis Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 959. –Type: Elmer 11899 (MO*, NY*, US*, iso). Mindanao: Davao

del Sur prov., Mt Apo, Todaya, ‘densely wooded steep slopes at 3000ft, on the Talon side of the mtn range’, Sept 1909.

Cyrtandra bulusanensis Elmer ex Merr., nom. nud. pro syn., EPFP 3 (1923) 457. –Type: Elmer 16673 (not seen). Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Mt Bulusan. Bibliographic Notes: synon. under C. callicarpifolia by Merrill, but later under C. williamsii by Elmer (1939, LPB 10 (1939) 3807, based on same specimen)

Cyrtandra chavis-insectorum Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 318. –Type: MS Clemens 650 (US*, iso). Mindanao: Lanao del Sur prov., Camp Keithley, Jul 1906.

Cyrtandra nervosa Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 178. –Type: Merrill 8126 (US*, iso). Mindanao: Zamboanga, Nov-Dec 1911.

Cyrtandra williamsii Kraenzl, PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 315. LUZON: Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan)NEGROS, BILIRAN, LEYTE, SAMAR, BASILAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Lanao del Sur, Bukidnon, Davao del Sur (Mt Apo), Surigao del Norte. Medium altitude forests to 1200m. Cyrtandra membranifolia Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 963; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 461. –Type: Elmer

11273 (BISH*, MO*, NY*, US*, iso). Mindanao: Davao del Sur prov., Mt Apo, Todaya, ‘…gentle forested slopes at 2750ft; ..,’ Aug 1909.

MINDANAO: Davao del Sur (Mt Apo). Primary forests, altitude c. 850m. Cyrtandra microphylla Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 328; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 462. –Type: BS 26250 Ramos & Edaño (US*, iso). Luzon: Nueva Ecija prov., Mt Umingan [=Mt Mingan], Aug-Sept 1916.LUZON: Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija. Primary forest, altitude c. 350m. Cyrtandra mindanaensis Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 958; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 462. –Type: Elmer 11711 MINDANAO: Davao del Sur (Mt Apo). Primary forest, altitude c. 1200m. Cyrtandra mucronatisepala Quisumb., PJS 41 (1930) 352, t. 20. --Type: BS 49427 Ramos &

Edaño. Mindanao: Davao Oriental prov., Mt Mayo.MINDANAO: Davao Oriental (Mt Mayo; Mt Galintan). Forested slopes and streams, altitude 1000-1300m. Cyrtandra multifolia Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 327; EPFP 3 (1923) 462. –Type: LUZON: Nueva Ecija, Quezon. Forested slopes, altitude c. 400m. Cyrtandra nana Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 79; EPFP 3 (1923) 462. –Type: BS 21462 Escritor

MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Probably from medium altitudes. Cyrtandra oblongata Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 78; EPFP 3 (1923) 462. –Type: LUZON: Mountain Province, Sierra Madre Range from Isabela to Quezon and Laguna. Mossy forests, altitude c. 1800m on Mt Banahaw. Cyrtandra oblongifolia (Blume) Benth. & Hook.f. ex CB Clarke in DC, Monog. Phan. 5 (1883) 206, t. 24; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 462; --Whitia oblongifolia Blume, Cat. Gew. Buitenz.

(1823) 17; Bijdr. (1823) 774. Cyrtandra oblongifolia var. nervosa CB Clarke, Monogr. Phan. 5 (1883) 206. –Type: Cyrtandra angularis Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 960. –Type: Elmer 10698 (A*, K*, MO*, NY*, US*, iso). Mindanao:

Davao, Todaya, Mt Apo, altitude 3500ft, May 1909.Sumatra, Mentawi Isls, Siberut, Java, Borneo (Kalimantan; Sarawak; Brunei; Sabah), Philippines. LUZON: Camarines, MINDORO, CATANDUANES, LEYTE, SAMAR, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Lanao del Sur (Camp Keithley), Bukidnon, Davao (Mt Apo), Agusan del Norte. Lowland and médium altitude primary forests, ascending to 1100m. Cyrtandra pachyneura Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 175; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 462. –Type: Cyrtandra alnifolia Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 329. –Type: LUZON: Mountain Province, Ifugao, Benguet. Damp shaded ravines and in the mossy forest, altitude 1500-2400m. Cyrtandra pachyphylla Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 316; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 463. –Type: BS 2928 Mearns LUZON: Albay (Mt Mayon). Probably from forests below 1000m altitude. Cyrtandra pallida Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 559; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 463. –Type: Cyrtandra laxa Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 967.NEGROS, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur (Mt Apo). Damp primary forests, altitude 900-1800m. Cyrtandra panayensis Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 452; EPFP 3 (1923) 463. –Type: PANAY. Mossy forests, altitude c. 1000m. Cyrtandra pantothrix Kraenzl. in Fedde, Repert. 24 (1928) 221. –Type: LUZON (Laguna prov., Maheihei =Majayjay) Cyrtandra parva Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 446; EPFP 3 (1923) 463. –Type: MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Along streams in forests at low altitudes. Cyrtandra parviflora Merr., PJS 2 c (1907) Bot. 300; EPFP 3 (1923) 463. –Type: Cyrtandra micrantha Kraenzl., J. Linn. Soc. 37 (1906) 280. –Type: (1906)LUZON Cyrtandra parvifolia Merr., PJS 2 c (1907) Bot. 300; EPFP 3 (1923) 463. –Type: Cyrtandra fragilis Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 557. –Type: MINDORO, PANAY, NEGROS, MINDANAO: Misamis Occidental (Mt Malindang), Bukidnon, Agusan del Norte (Mt Urdaneta =Hilong-hilong). Mossy forest, altitude 1000-1800m. Cyrtandra peninsula Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3741, invalid name, no Latin description. –Type: LUZON

Cyrtandra pinatubensis Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3191. –Type: LUZON Cyrtandra plectranthiflora Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 332; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 463. –Type: LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Mountain Province, Benguet. Mossy forests up to 2200m. Cyrtandra pulgarensis Elmer ex HJ Atkins & Cronk, Edinburgh J. Bot. 58 (2001) 450.

--Type: Elmer 13204 (E, holo). Palawan: Mt Pulgar, PALAWAN, altitude 1200m. Cyrtandra quisumbingii Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3193. –Type: var. quisumbingiiLUZON var. minor Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3194. –Type: LUZON Cyrtandra ramiflora Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 964; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 463. –Type: MINDANAO: Davao del Sur (Mt Apo). Primary forests, altitude c. 1100m. Cyrtandra roseoalba Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 178; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 463. –Type: LUZON: Laguna. Damp primary forests at low and médium altitudes. Cyrtandra rufotricha Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 442; EPFP 3 (1923) 464. –Type: MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Lowland forests along streams. Cyrtandra rupicola Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1784; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 464. –Type: Elmer 13213 PALAWAN. Rocky banks of small streams in primary forests, altitude c. 750m. Cyrtandra saligna Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 324; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 464. –Type: Merrill 5480 MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Base of cliffs in shaded ravines, altitude c. 100m. Cyrtandra santosii Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 453; EPFP 3 (1923) 464. –Type: BS 32071 JK SantosLUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet. Mossy forests, altitude c. 2000m. Cyrtandra sibuyanensis Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 969; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 464. –Type: Elmer 12529 MINDORO, SIBUYAN, PANAY. Primary forests along streams, altitude 500-900m. Cyrtandra similis Quisumb., PJS 41 (1930) 354, t. 21. --Type: BS 45572 Ramos & Edaño (PNH,

holo, possibly lost; iso at A*). Luzon: Quirino prov. (formerly part of Nueva Vizcaya), Mt Alzapan. Forested stream at low altitude.

LUZON: Quirino (Mt Alzapan). Known only from the type collection. Cyrtandra sorsogonensis Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) Bot. 31; EPFP 3 (1923) 464. –Type: BS 23318 Ramos LUZON: Sorsogon. Forests, altitude probably above 1000m. Cyrtandra strongiana Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 325; --Cyrtandra mirabilis Kraenzl., PJS 8

c (1913) Bot. 321; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 462, non CB Clarke. –Type:

MINDANAO: Lanao del SurSynonymized under C. mirabilis Kraenzl. (nom. illeg.) by Merrill (1923); this is next available name if taxa are synonymous Cyrtandra subglabra Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 447; EPFP 3 (1923) 464. –Type: MINDANAO: Cyrtandra tagaleurium Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) 176; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 464. –Type: CAMIGUIN, MINDANAO Cyrtandra tayabensis Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 347; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 464. –Type: LUZON, NEGROS (?) Cyrtandra tecomiflora Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 322; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 464. –Type: MINDANAO Cyrtandra tenuipes Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 330; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 464. –Type: Cyrtandra longipedunculata Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 77, non Rechinger; –Type: LUZON Cyrtandra tenuisepala Quisumb., PJS 41 (1930) 356, t. 22. --Type: BS 45579 Ramos & Edaño

(PNH, holo, possibly lost.). Luzon: Quirino (formerly part of Nueva Vizcaya) prov., Mt Alzapan. Forested slope in mossy forest, altitude 1300m.

LUZON: Quirino (Mt Alzapan). Mossy forest, altitude 1300m. Known only from the type collection. Cyrtandra trivialis Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 331; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 464. –Type: LUZON Cyrtandra umbellata Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 330, nom. illeg., non de Vriese; --Merr., EPFP 3

(1923) 465. –Type: LUZON Cyrtandra umbellifera Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 435; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 465; --Li ZY & Kao

MT in TC Huang (ed.), Fl. Taiwán ed. 2 (1998) 695, pl. 319, photo 357. –Type: Taiwan (Lanyu & Lutao). BATAN and BABUYAN Islands. Cyrtandra urdanetensis Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2664; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 465. –Type: MINDANAO Cyrtandra vanoverberghii Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 174; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 465. –Type: LUZON Cyrtandra villosissima Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 225; EPFP 3 (1923) 465. –Type: Slackia philippinensis Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 171.LUZON, PALAWAN, NEGROS, MINDANAO. Cyrtandra vulcanica Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3743, invalidly published (No Latin diagnosis). –Type: LUZON Cyrtandra zamboangensis Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 445; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 465. –Type:

MINDANAO Cyrtandra sp. B, HJ Atkins & Cronk, Edinburgh J. Bot. 58 (2001) 454. –Vouchers: Cronk et al.

25389 (E, PNH). Palawan: Cleopatra’s Needle, 1550m.PALAWAN, altitude 500m. Cyrtandra sp. C, HJ Atkins & Cronk, Edinburgh J. Bot. 58 (2001) 454. --Vouchers: Cronk et al.

25520 (E, PNH). Palawan: Thumb Peak.PALAWAN, altitude 1200m. Cyrtandra sp. D, HJ Atkins & Cronk, Edinburgh J. Bot. 58 (2001) 455. --Vouchers: PNH 77433

Edaño (GH). Palawan: Panalingajan River.PALAWAN: altitude 650-800m. Cyrtandra sp. E, HJ Atkins & Cronk, Edinburgh J. Bot. 58 (2001) 456. --Vouchers: PNH 50 Edaño

(GH). Palawan: Mt Mantalingahan.PALAWAN: Altitude not recorded. .Needs a new name: Cyrtandra nomen novumCyrtandra copelandii Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 458, non Elmer (1915). –Type: Merrill 8224. Didymocarpus pallida Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 167, non Cyrtandra pallida Elmer (1908).MINDANAO: Zamboanga. On damp banks in shaded ravines, altitude 400-800m.Unfortunately, Merrill’s nomen novum is again antedated by C copelandii Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2661, which is =Rhynchotechum copelandii (Elmer) Elmer.MINDANAO: Zamboanga. On damp banks in shaded ravines, altitude 400-800m. Ined. Name Cyrtandra inaequifolia Merr. & Quisumb., ined., non Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1782. Based on PNH

7814 Celestino (L*). Luzon: Ifugao prov., Mt Polis, on rocks along stream-summit, altitude 2042m, 10 May 1948.

Dichrotrichum Reinw. =Agalmyla

Epithema Blume Epithema benthamii CB Clarke in DC, Monog. Phan. 5 (1883) 180; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 456 (as ‘benthami’).Philippines, Sulawesi, New Guinea? LUZON, NEGROS?, MINDANAO. Epithema brunonis (Wallich) Decne., Nouv. Ann. Mus. Nat. Paris 3 (1834) 404.Aikinia brunonis Wallich, Pl. As. Rar. 3 (1832) 66, t. 288.Bibliographic Notes: many country records may be based on misidentifications, or on varieties transferred to other species (e.g., Philippine records =E. taiwanense var. fasciculatum???)Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malay Peninsula; Nicobar Islands? Java? Timor? Sulawesi [Celebes]? Philippines?

Epithema taiwanensis SS Ying, Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan 4 (1992) 795, pl. 94.var. fasciculatum (CB Clarke) ZY Li & MT Kao, in TC Huang (ed.) Fl. Taiwan, ed. 2, 4 (1998) 697, (as ‘fasciculata’).Epithema brunonis Decne. var. fasciculata CB Clarke in DC Monog. Phan. 5 (1883) 179; --Merr., EPFP 3

(1923) 456. S Taiwan to N Philippines. . Epithema madulidii BL Burtt, Edinburgh J. Bot. 54 (1997) 112. --Type: PPI 11563 Madulid, Agoo,

Reynoso & Fuentes (PNH, holo; iso in E). Coron: Bariol.CORON Epithema strigosum (CB Clarke) Hilliard & BL Burtt, Edinburgh J. Bot. 54 (1997) 113ssp. philippinum Hilliard & Burtt, Edinburgh J. Bot. 54 (1997) 113. --Type: PNH 10434 Mendoza &

Convocar (PNH, holo). Mindanao: Surigao del Norte prov., Mt Kabatuan, 83 m, 18 March 1949.MINDANAO

Henckelia Sprengel Henckelia corrugata Mendum, Edinburgh J. Bot. 58 (2001) 439, Fig. 2A-F. –Type: Mendum, Argent,

Cronk, Middleton, Wilkie, Fuentes & Chavez 25558 (holo in PNH, iso in E). Specimen cultivated at Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, accession no. 19981788. Palawan: side of ravine above Camp 3 towards Cleopatra’s Needle, altitude 940m, 22 Jan 1998.

PALAWAN: Cleopatra’s Needle. Known only from the type collection. Henckelia woodii (Merr.) Weber & BL Burtt, Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 70 (“1997”, publ. 1998) 359.Didymocarpus woodii Merr., PJS 26 (1925) 489; EPFP 4 (1925) 251. --Type: Merrill 11587. PALAWAN. On cliffs in primary forest at low altitudes.

Isanthera xxx =Rhynchotechum

Monophyllaea R BrownRevision:Burtt, BL 1978. Studies in the Gesneriaceae of the Old World XLV. A preliminary revision of Monophyllaea. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 1-59. Monophyllaea longipes Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 168; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 455.LUZON: Apayao, Cagayan, Isabela (Palanan). On cliff in damp shaded ravines at low altitudes, on damp limestone ledge along a stream, altitude 40m in Palanan (Co 5178, PUH) . Monophyllaea merrilliana Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 168; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 456.Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak, Kalimantan) and Philippines: SAMAR, BOHOL (Pilar, Lundag Cave), MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Agusan, Surigao. On damp cliff along small streams in forested ravines at low and medium altitudes, ascending to 800m.

Paraboea (CB Clarke) RidleyLiterature:Burtt, BL 1984. Studies in the Gesneriaceae of the Old World XLVII. Revised generic concepts for

Boea and its allies. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 401-452. Paraboea luzoniensis Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 225; EPFP 3 (1923) 449; --Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot.

Gard. Edinburgh 41 (1984) 432. --Type: Merrill 4178 (L*, NY*, US*, iso). Luzon: Cavite prov., Maragongdon (=Maragondon), 100-400m, Jul 1905.

LUZON: Cavite. On cliffs in ravines, altitude 100-400m. Paraboea ridleyi Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 949; --Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41 (1984) 435.

--Type: Elmer 11145 (NY*, US*, iso). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya.MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). Paraboea swinhoei (Hance) BL Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41 (1984) 439; --Boea

swinhoei Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. v, 5 (1866) 231; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 449; --Li ZY & Kao MT in TC Huang (ed.), Fl. Taiwán ed. 2 (1998) 702, pl. 322; photo 360-361 (as ‘swinhoii’)

S China (Guangxi; Guizhou), Taiwan, N Vietnam, NE Thailand, Java, Borneo, Philippines.LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Mounatin Province, Benguet, Pampanga, Rizal. Boulders and ledges on forested slopes, altitude 300-1400m.

Rhynchoglossum BlumeLiterature:Burtt, BL 1962. Studies in the Gesneriaceae of the Old World XXIII. Rhynchoglossum and Klugia.

Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 24: 167-171. Rhynchoglossum klugioides CB Clarke in DC, Monog. Phan. 5 (1883) 163; --Merr., EPFP 3

(1923) 454. –Type: LUZON, CATANDUANES, MINDORO, BILIRAN, LEYTE, SAMAR, MINDANAO. Rhynchoglossum merrilliae Kraenzl., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 168; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 454. –Type: LUZON, MINDANAO Rhynchoglossum obliquum Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 741; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 432; EPFP 3

(1923) 454.India, Nepal, Bhutan (?), Sri Lanka(?), Myanmar, China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan), Taiwan, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia (Perak), Borneo (?), Philippines, Sulawesi, Java (?), Ambon (?). LUZON, NEGROS, MINDANAO? Rhynchoglossum spumosum Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 564; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 455. –Type: NEGROS, PANAY.

Rhynchotechum BlumeLiterature:Burtt, BL. 1962. Studies in the Gesneriaceae of the Old World XXI. Rhynochotechum and Isanthera. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 24: 35-39. Rhynchotechum copelandii (Elmer) Elmer ex Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 455; --Cyrtandra copelandii Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2661. –Type: MINDANAO.

Rhynchotechum discolor (Maxim.) BL Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 24 (1962) 37; -- Isanthera discolor Maxim., Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg 19 (1874) 538; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923)

455; --Li ZY & Kao MT in TC Huang (ed.), Fl. Taiwán ed. 2 (1998) 706, pl. 324, photo 362. S Japan, Ryukyus, Taiwan, S China (Fujian, Guangdong), Hainan, the Philippines, New Guinea (?), Bismarck Archip (?). LUZON, ALABAT, NEGROS (?), LEYTE, SAMAR, MINDANAO.

Stauranthera Bentham Stauranthera caerulea (Blume) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 455.Stauranthera philippinensis Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 950, "philippinense" Vietnam, Java, Philippines, Sulawesi. MINDANAO.

Tetradema Schlechter =Agalmyla